scholarly journals Organic Constituents and Biota in the Urban Atmospheric Solid Aerosol: Potential Effects on Urban Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1532-1545
Author(s):  
T. V. Prokof’eva ◽  
S. A. Shoba ◽  
L. V. Lysak ◽  
A. E. Ivanova ◽  
A. M. Glushakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Biological Faculty ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Soil Activity

Abstract The main components of solid atmospheric aerosol are soil and rock particles raised from the earth’s surface by wind erosion, and primary biological aerosol particles. In the composition of atmospheric aerosol, many pollutants, both mineral and organic, appear in areas with intensive human activity. Summer dust (solid atmospheric fallouts) that fell out of atmosphere was collected at two sites in Moscow (the territory of the Leo Tolstoy Museum-Estate in Khamovniki and the Botanical Garden of the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University). Morphological and microbiological studies were carried out in order to characterize the composition of the organic part of urban solid atmospheric fallouts and its possible impact on soils and the urban ecosystem as a whole. It has been found that the composition of the organic part of the samples was identical and included: the representatives of aeroplankton and other particles of biological origin, and also fragments of oil films, plastic fibers, carbon particles, etc., which indicated the hydrocarbon and microplastic pollution brought from the atmosphere. The composition of the studied groups of microorganisms in atmospheric fallouts and in urban soils was similar and indicated close ecological links between urban dust aerosol and soils. The biomass of the studied groups of microorganisms of atmospheric solids was dominated by fungi, many of which are potentially pathogenic and allergenic organisms. Apparently, atmospheric solid aerosols are carriers of microbiological pollution associated with animal feces in the city. The presence of such particles in the air indicates insufficient soil activity as a “bacterial filter”.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the family Geraniaceae in the flora of Mongolia

Turczaninowia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Victoria I. Troshkina
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
State University ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biological Faculty ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Moscow State University

The species composition of the Geraniaceae family in the flora of Mongolia is revised as a result of a critical study of collections of the Herbarium of V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), the D. P. Syreischikov Herbarium of Biological Faculty of Moscow State University (MW), the N. V. Tzitzin of the Main Botanical Garden (MHA), of the M. G. Popov Herbarium of Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NSK), of the I. M. Krasnoborov Herbarium of Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NS), Herbarium of the Tomsk State University (TK), Herbarium of the South Siberian Botanical Garden (ALTB), Herbarium of the Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia (UBA), of the Martin-Luther University Herbarium (HAL), and own gatherings. The species Geranium pamiricum Ikonn. is identified for the first time in the flora of Mongolia. The areas of some species are clarified; maps of distribution over the territory of Mongolia are given.

scholarly journals The Campaign on Atmospheric Aerosol Research Network of China: CARE-China

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyuan Xin ◽  
Yuesi Wang ◽  
Yuepeng Pan ◽  
Dongsheng Ji ◽  
Zirui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Main Components

Abstract Based on a network of field stations belonging to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Campaign on Atmospheric Aerosol Research network of China (CARE-China) was recently established as the country’s first monitoring network for the study of the spatiotemporal distribution of aerosol physical characteristics, chemical components, and optical properties, as well as aerosol gaseous precursors. The network comprises 36 stations in total and adopts a unified approach in terms of the instrumentation, experimental standards, and data specifications. This ongoing project is intended to provide an integrated research platform to monitor online PM2.5 concentrations, nine-size aerosol concentrations and chemical component distributions, nine-size secondary organic aerosol (SOA) component distributions, gaseous precursor concentrations (including SO2, NOx, CO, O3, and VOCs), and aerosol optical properties. The data will be used to identify the sources of regional aerosols, the relative contributions from nature and anthropogenic emissions, the formation of secondary aerosols, and the effects of aerosol component distributions on aerosol optical properties. The results will reduce the levels of uncertainty involved in the quantitative assessment of aerosol effects on regional climate and environmental changes and ultimately provide insight into how to mitigate anthropogenic aerosol emissions in China. The present paper provides a detailed description of the instrumentation, methodologies, and experimental procedures used across the network, as well as a case study of observations taken from one station and the distribution of main components of aerosol over China during 2012.

Moving beyond the Udorthent—A Proposed Protocol for Assessing Urban Soils to Service Data Needs for Contemporary Urban Ecosystem Management

Soil Horizons ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Shuster ◽  
A. Barkasi ◽  
P. Clark ◽  
S. Dadio ◽  
P. Drohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Service Data

scholarly journals Analysis of plant assortment in the greenhouse complex of vinnytsia National Agrarian University as a key component of student training

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
V. V. Monarkh ◽  
M. V. Matusiak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Main Components

It is proved that the greenhouse of Podillia Botanical Garden of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University is the place intended for landscaping having over 90 species of exotic plants as well as water devices and small architectural forms that are represented on a limited area. The main purpose of the greenhouse is not only the aesthetic satisfaction of guests and residents of the city and outdoor activities in any season of the year, but also the reproduction and introduction of plant species from other climatic zones. For the first time, a modern assessment of the assortment of greenhouse plants of Podillya Botanical Garden of VNAU has been conducted, according to which there are 44 families, 88 genera and 94 plant species in the greenhouse. It is found that the main components of the greenhouse are the species belonging to different families and differing in the requirements necessary for their growth and development. The assortment of species presented in the greenhouse is extremely wide. It is established that plants belong to different climatic zones according to their requirements for the habitat. Therefore, to ensure their ornamentality and excellent growth in the greenhouse, it is necessary to provide adequate conditions. It has been investigated that plants of different natural habitats are randomly arranged in the greenhouse without a certain order or systematization. In the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden, species of introduced plants differ by their respond to the temperature acceptable for their normal growth and development, so they should be placed in groups or collections, e.g. a plant zone of Tropics, a plant zone of Subtropics, a plant zone of dry Subtropics, a plant zone of the Mediterranean, and a plant zone of Asia. Considering a small number of the representatives of dry Subtropics in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden, the collection of succulents must be replenished and florarium and cactusarium must be established.

scholarly journals Juglans L. genus trees influence on cellulolytic soil activity in Samara University Botanical Garden Dendrarium

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Efim Alexandrovich Pomogaybin ◽  
Alexander Vladimirovich Pomogaybin
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Soil Activity ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Woody plants change qualitatively and quantitatively the substances dynamics into the soil environment, acting on intercepting and saturating them with discharge from the leaves and material precipitated from the air. The arrival of the ground (leaf litter) and underground (root-slope) mort mass influences the chemical processes in the soil and its morphological structure changing. By forming and releasing litter, the trees indirectly activate the soil microflora. The nut plants, forming seeds rich in proteins and lipids, have been used by humans since ancient times as food, medicinal plants, a source of biologically active substances. The nuts ( Juglans ) introduction history in Samara University Botanical Garden begins from the moment of the garden creation. Our work presents the results of the evaluation of the cellulolytic activity of the soil under the walnut trees in Samara University Botanical Garden Dendrarium. The soil sampling were carried out in September 2011 in the sub-crown space for the trees of J. regia and J. nirga (for each species - old, middle age, young specimens), other Juglans species ( J. ailanthifolia, J. mandshurica, J. cinerea, J. сordiformis, J. microcarpa ) were also tested. The determination of cellulolytic activity was carried out by the application method in Petri dishes. Visual examination of exposed paper samples showed its sufficient safety in the control and strong destruction under the influence of the soil in variants J. regia (old tree), J. nirga (all variants), J. regia . A comparison of the results obtained with the data of 2009 showed that the cellulolytic activity of the soil varies from year to year, under the influence of weather conditions.

scholarly journals Soils in the urban critical zone - Analyse of anthropogenic pressures and current proposals to preserve soil functions and ecosystem services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Bechet ◽  
Laure Beaudet ◽  
Philippe Branchu ◽  
Patrice Cannavo ◽  
Cécile Delolme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Interface Position ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soil Ecosystem Services

<p>By 2017, the book "Soils within cities" (Levin et al., 2017) is moving away from the pedologist's description of urban soils to a broader understanding of urban soils, including the functions and the services they provide. This approach, which complements the naturalistic description of the soil, corresponds to the approach derived from the millennium ecosystems assessment (Morel et al., 2015; Walter et al., 2015). It is considered to be relatively anthropocentric and thus favours the integration of the soil in the urban socio-ecosystem.</p><p>Considering the soil by both its pedogenesis and functioning in ecosystems induces taking into account the dynamics of this system, but raises, with regard to the literature on urban soils, the existing lack to qualify and quantify the processes of genesis and evolution, especially in relation to ongoing climate change (Baveye et al., 2016). On the other hand, the description of soil ecosystem services (regulation, provisioning, cultural services) immediately reveals the interdependence of soil biophysicochemical processes with those occurring in the hydrosphere, the atmosphere and the biosphere (Adhikari and Hartemink, 2016). In this respect, the soil plays an interface role, but is deeply disturbed in urban areas.</p><p>The objective of the communication will be to review the status of urban soil in the "urban critical zone" concept. Through methodologies and results from projects implemented in French major cities that have enabled the development of databases, we will review the classification of these atypical soils and the changes in their properties and functions. Through the definition of the services they provide, we will propose a more integrated vision of this compartment of the urban ecosystem, by specifying the forcing caused by its interface position, but also the opportunities of improvement foreseen by the development of solutions for revegetation and de-sealing. We will see how the timeframe of soil evolution in urban zones can influence the data collection of soil parameters and mapping.</p>

scholarly journals Zones of the Botanical garden of the Belgorod University (Belgorod, Russia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
E. N. Dunaeva ◽  
A. V. Dunaev ◽  
N. A. Martynovа
Keyword(s):  
Research University ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Forest Park

The Botanical Garden of Belgorod University (National Research University (NRU) “BelSU”) is a unique scientific installation (USI) and performs scientific, educational and educational functions in the region by its employees. There are three zones within the boundaries of the Botanical garden: a Forest park, an Arboretum Park, and a Recreational zone. The Forest park, as an organic part of the complex ecotope of the Botanical garden, is a model of a forest-type community formed on chalk and loam underlain by chalk, and is used for sightseeing and walking purposes. The collection fund of the Arboretum Park is a scientific and educational base for students and postgraduates of the biological, pharmaceutical and geographical faculties of the National Research University «BelSU». The Recreational zone has no clear boundaries and potentially includes all the most picturesque places and likely walking routes. Such conceptual zoning contributes to the harmonization of the ecological environment of the Botanical garden.

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