scholarly journals Comparison of the Methods for Determining Pyrogenically Modified Carbon Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1668-1680
Author(s):  
A. A. Dymov ◽  
V. V. Startsev ◽  
N. M. Gorbach ◽  
I. N. Pausova ◽  
D. N. Gabov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pyrogenic Activity

Abstract The soil organic matter (SOM) is searched for the biomarkers and specific features associated with the effect of wildfires by the case study of peat soil, Rheic Hemic Histosol (Lignic), in the south of the middle taiga of the Komi Republic. It is shown that fires considerably influence the peat organic matter. Pyrogenic activity is assessed according to the content of charcoal particles. SOM is examined using solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs). The used methods allow for diagnosing the effects of wildfires on the SOM composition. In the horizons with the signs of pyrogenesis, the share of carbon represented by aromatic fragments increases as well as the PAH concentration, mainly at the expense of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and chrysene. The carbon stock of pyrogenically modified compounds, amounting to 4.4 kg/m2, is for the first time assessed in the European north based on the BPCA content. The characteristics of pyrogenically changed organic compounds and their fragments obtained by different methods correlate well: the Pearson coefficient for the correlation of the carbon content in aromatic compounds (Caryl) with total BPCA content is R = 0.84 (p < 0.05) and with individual BPCAs, R = 0.81–0.90 (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Organic matter transformation in post-agrogenic soils of the Middle Taiga zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
G. Y. Elkina ◽  
E. M. Lapteva ◽  
L. A. Likhanova ◽  
Yu. V. Kholopov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Green Moss ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Organic Matter Transformation ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Humus Composition

Objective. The purpose is to study the organic matter transformation in Podzols from the middle taiga zone.Methods. The study materials are arable lands from the central regions of the Komi Republic. These lands are not agriculturally used since the early 90-ies of the former century. The soil analyses are done according to the common methods.Results. The study allows for the humus profile structure of Podzols along with the following successive stages as meadow idle land young forest dwarf shrub-green moss spruce forest. It also describes the mechanisms of post-agrogenic humus transformation in agricultural sod Podzols due to the self­ restoring succession.Conclusion. Initially, the post-agrogenic soils normally repeat agrozems by characteristics. The upper soil part forms a thin grey-humus (sod) horizon. It contains large amounts of humus, exchangeable cations, and nutrition elements. The specific synthesis and destruction processes of humic substances at the meadow idle land stage change the qualitative humus composition. In contrast with arable lands, the humus composition is dominated with fulvic acids as being best appropriate to the concerned bioclimatic zone. The humuc-fulvic humus composition holds only in the upper old-arable soil part of the meadow idle land. The appearance of pioneer tree species increases the dominating position of FAs and the Cha/Cfa ratio resembles that for forest soil. The organic matter is poor in nitrogen compounds, especially at the young forest stage. By the C/N ratio, the post-agrogenic soils also gradually get close to naturally formed soils under virgin forest.

scholarly journals Growth, development, morphology and biochemical characteristics of Solidago canadensis L. plants when introduced in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Vasilyevna Portnyagina ◽  
Vasiliy Vitalyevich Punegov ◽  
Elmira Elizbarovna Echishvili ◽  
Marina Gennadyevna Fomina ◽  
Konstantin Vitalievich Chucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Middle Taiga Subzone ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

The paper presents the results of a long-term study of four samples of Canadian goldenrod ( Solidago canadensis L.) of different geographic origin introduced in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. Under cultural conditions, the species is highly resistant and longevity (up to 18 years). It has been established that with the introduction in the North, reproduction of the Canadian goldenrod is possible by vegetative means, as well as from seeds of foreign origin. The mass transition of plants grown by seedlings to the generative period occurs in the third year of life. According to the flowering rhythm (July 31 - September 25), the species is classified as a mid-summer-mid-autumn plant. Fruiting of plants is interrupted by frost, full-fledged seeds are not formed. The morphological features of the generative shoot have been studied. The plant height in culture reaches 143-155 cm. The number of leaves on the stem is 63-101. The floral part of the shoot (inflorescence) 30-39 cm long is formed from the axils of 41-49 leaves and consists of 21-41 paracladia 8-13 cm long. The number of baskets on one shoot in different specimens of Canadian goldenrod varies from 2700 to 4200. The content of nitrogen mass fraction (1,8-3,0%) in the aboveground raw phytomass of Canadian goldenrod has been studied for the first time and the quantitative and qualitative composition of amino acids in plant proteins has been determined. The total content of amino acids in the plant raw material of Canadian goldenrod has varied from 7,9 to 15,1% over the years. In the aboveground phytomass of plants, 17 amino acids have been found and determined, including 7 irreplaceable ones. The share of essential amino acids has averaged 37% of the total. The highest rates of equity participation have been noted for the following amino acids: proline, glutamic, aspartic, lysine, leucine, valine, alanine, arginine and glycine - 13,2; 11,0; 10,8; 8,4; 8,0; 5,9; 5,8; 5,7 and 5,2%, respectively. In the conditions of the North, biochemical studies of this species have been carried out for the first time. The content of flavonols in the aboveground raw phytomass of Canadian goldenrod have been 4,5-5,7% and met the requirements for medicinal raw materials (more than 3%). The yield of essential oil and its component composition have been determined. The EO content in the aboveground phytomass of plants has varied from 0,85 to 1,7% in terms of absolutely dry raw material. In the composition of EM, 39 components have been reliably identified, nine of which have been attributed to the main ones. The dominant compounds are: -pinene (up to 43,9%), myrcene (up to 18,2%), limonene (up to 13,2%), -3-carene (up to 12,0%); from sesquiterpenoids: germacrene D (up to 54,3%), bornyl acetate (up to 5,8%), geranyl acetate (up to 2,4%), cadinadiene (up to 2,0%), sesqui-fellandrene (up to 1,4%).

Islamic and Jewish Religious Feminists Tackle Islamic and Jewish Oral Law: Maintenance and Rebellion of Wives

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Ruth Roded
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Parallel Case ◽  
First Time

Beginning in the early 1970s, Jewish and Muslim feminists, tackled “oral law”—Mishna and Talmud, in Judaism, and the parallel Hadith and Fiqh in Islam, and several analogous methodologies were devised. A parallel case study of maintenance and rebellion of wives —mezonoteha, moredet al ba?ala; nafaqa al-mar?a and nush?z—in classical Jewish and Islamic oral law demonstrates similarities in content and discourse. Differences between the two, however, were found in the application of oral law to daily life, as reflected in “responsa”—piskei halacha and fatwas. In modern times, as the state became more involved in regulating maintenance and disobedience, and Jewish law was backed for the first time in history by a state, state policy and implementation were influenced by the political system and socioeconomic circumstances of the country. Despite their similar origin in oral law, maintenance and rebellion have divergent relevance to modern Jews and Muslims.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document