The Water Regime of Black Saxaul in Various Environmental Conditions of the Central Asian Desert

In addition to irrigation, other viticultural practices such as soil management can be applied to improve grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) quality responses and attenuate unfavourable environmental conditions. Cover crops in the interrow of irrigated vineyards change the dynamics of water extraction and it is expected that the patterns of vines’ water relations will be modified, also changing their productive responses. This study took place over two seasons in ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines in a vineyard in South Portugal, where a cover crop was sown in the inter-rows of half the study area (SCC) while maintaining resident vegetation in the remaining (RV). Five water regime treatments were applied: full irrigation (200 mm irrigation amount–I200); moderate irrigation (150 mm–I150); deficit irrigation (100 mm–I100); ultra-deficit irrigation (50 mm–I50); rainfed (I0). Measurements of predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (An), and transpiration rate (E) were made during the final stages of the growth cycle. Data of soil water availability, yield and growth variables, and berries and wine composition were also used. Significant interactions between the effect of soil management and water regime were observed on ΨPD. A water competition effect exerted by the cover crop could be responsible for reduced water loss and carbon assimilation, whenever Spring rain is lower and/or the cover crop biomass development is not controlled. Differences in gs and An observed at midday and late measurements reflect the influence of the daily increase of atmospheric water demand. Stomatal closure of grapevines was less affected in plots of higher soil water storage capacity. The correlation between ΨPD and gs was higher in the midday and late measurements, pointing to the regulation of stomatal response in response to water availability and daily environmental conditions. Principal components analysis (PCA) evidenced an influence of water deficit on metabolic responses that benefit fruit and wine quality. The cluster analysis (CA) revealed that no significant cluster of cases was clearly controlled by soil management or water regime in the first season but, in the second, drier season, significant clustering more irrigation- than soil management-controlled showed that a predominant influence of irrigation should be expected for ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines grown under dry Mediterranean conditions.

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Fossil birds from the Roof of the World: The first avian fauna from High Asia and its implications for late Quaternary environments in Eastern Pamir

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0259151

Author(s):

Nikita Zelenkov ◽

Nuritdin Sayfulloev ◽

Svetlana V. Shnaider

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

Fossil Birds ◽

High Mountain ◽

The Past ◽

Central Asian ◽

High Asia ◽

Bird Fauna ◽

Fossil Bird ◽

First Time

The Eastern Pamir (eastern Tajikistan) is a high-mountain plateau with elevations up to 7000 m, currently characterized by extremely severe environmental conditions and harboring a specialized montane fauna, which in part is shared with that of the Tibetan Plateau. The modern bird fauna of High Asia comprises a diversity of both ancient and recently diverged endemics, and thus is of general importance for historical biogeography and understanding the origin of modern high mountain ecosystems. However, the past history of the Central Asian highland avian communities remains practically unknown, as no fossil bird assemblages from high elevation areas were previously reported. In particular, it remains completely unexplored how birds responded to late Quaternary climatic fluctuations. Here we report the first fossil bird fauna from the High Asia and the first fossil birds from Tajikistan. An assemblage from the late Pleistocene through middle Holocene of Istykskaya cave (4060 m) in Eastern Pamir surprisingly comprises a remarkable diversity of waterbirds, including a few species that are completely absent from High Asia today and that were not reported globally from such high altitudes. The diversity of waterbirds incudes taxa of various ecological preferences (shorebirds, underwater and surface feeders, both zoophagous and phytophagous), strongly indicating the presence of a productive waterbody at the vicinity of the site in the past. These observations correspond to recent palaeoclimatic data, implying increased water availability in this region, currently occupied by high mountain semi-deserts. Our findings for the first time show that milder environmental conditions of late Quaternary attracted lowland species to the Central Asian highland wetlands. The reported assemblage yet contains several characteristic highland taxa, indicating a long-time persistence of some Central Asian montane faunistic elements. In particular, it includes the Tibetan Sandgrouse (Syrrhaptes tibetanus), a highly-specialized montane dweller, which is for the first time found in the fossil record.

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Influence of environmental conditions on the distribution of Central Asian green toads with three ploidy levels

Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00612.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 233-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Spartak N. Litvinchuk ◽

Glib O. Mazepa ◽

Rosa A. Pasynkova ◽

Abdusattor Saidov ◽

Toszhiddin Satorov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Central Asian

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Water regime Poaceae family species in the drought conditions

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/article_5dcd861e230788.72509133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 190 (11) ◽

pp. 2-8

Author(s):

М. Власенко ◽

M. Vlasenko ◽

К. Трубакова ◽

K. Trubakova

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Water Retention ◽

Water Regime ◽

Bromus Inermis ◽

Agropyron Cristatum ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Science Center ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Poaceae Family

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to consider the patterns of water regime of plants in dry conditions, depending on changes in environmental conditions and plant physiology. The objectives of the research included: identifying abilities of Poaceae family herbs (Festuca pratensis, Bromus inermis L., Agropyron cristatum L., Agropyrum Gaertn.) introduced into crops on the vegetation sites of the lysimetric complex of the Federal Science Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Volgograd) to sustainability in adverse environmental conditions. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The study contributes to the solution of issues of effective prediction of the productivity of forage grasses, since water-regime patterns of growth and development of vegetation must be taken into account when developing optimal growing methods. Methods. The determination of the water-holding capacity of herbs was carried out according to the Arlanda method and is based on taking into account the water loss by plants. The intensity of transpiration was determined by the method of fast weighing the selected sheet of L. А. Ivanov. A description of the mechanism of water retention by plants with an increase in drought is given. Results. As a result, it has been established that perennial grasses of the family Poaceae have a high potential for resistance to soil and atmospheric drought. The largest water retention capacity is: Bromus inermis L. (87.8%), Agropyrum Gaertn. (87.1 %) and Agropyron cristatum L. (87.0 %). The ability to change water retention capacity can be viewed not only as an adaptive function in changing environmental conditions, but also as a dynamic process that characterizes the natural course of the metabolism of cells and tissues during ontogenesis. Indicators of transpiration intensity in species of the Poaceae family usually reach a maximum up to high midday temperatures. The highest rates were found in Bromus inermis L. and Agropyrum Gaertn., for which in the morning they reached 1.41–1.42 g/dm2-h.

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Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010017966x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 182-183

Author(s):

K. Ohi ◽

M. Mizuno ◽

T. Kasai ◽

Y. Ohkura ◽

K. Mizuno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Magnetic Fields ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Vibration Isolator ◽

Air Conditioners ◽

Vibration Isolators ◽

Large Size ◽

Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

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