Biodegradable composition of poly(lactic acid) from renewable wood flour

Abstract Wood flour/polylactic acid (WF/PLA) composites were produced with a WF content of 50% based on three types of waterborne polyacrylate (PA) emulsions including a PA homopolymer emulsion and two types of silane-PA copolymer emulsions as coupling agents. Two silanes were in focus, namely, γ-methacryloxypropyl- trimethoxysilane (silane-1) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (silane-2). The emulsions and the modified WFs were characterized, and the effects were investigated in terms of emulsion type and their loading levels on the mechanical properties of WF/PLA composites. (1) Both types of silanes could be successfully copolymerized with PA to form stable emulsions. (2) With increasing PA loading, the mechanical properties (except for flexural modulus) of the composites increased at first before reaching the maximum values at 4% PA loading and then the properties worsened. However, these values were larger than those of pure composites, especially in cases when PA-silane emulsions were applied. (3) PA modified with silane-1 showed the best coupling effect among all the three PA emulsions. The results can be interpreted that PA emulsions are effective coupling agents for the preparation of high-performance WPCs.

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Rheology of Wood Flour Filled Poly(lactic acid)

Procedia Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 200 ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Valentina Mazzanti ◽

Francesco Mollica

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Poly Lactic Acid

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Feasibility of Reprocessing Natural Fiber Filled Poly(lactic acid) Composites: An In-Depth Investigation

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2017/1430892 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sujal Bhattacharjee ◽

Dilpreet S. Bajwa

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽

Thermomechanical Properties ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Filler Concentration ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Abrupt Decrease

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based composites are biodegradable; their disposal after single use may be needless and uneconomical. Prodigal disposal of these composites could also create an environmental concern and additional demand for biobased feedstock. Under these circumstances, recycling could be an effective solution, since it will widen the composite service life and prevent the excessive use of natural resources. This research investigates an in-depth impact of recycling on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of oak wood flour based PLA composites. Two composite formulations (30 and 50 wt% filler), each with 3 wt% coupling agent (PLA-g-MA), were produced and reprocessed six times by extrusion followed by injection molding. Measurements of fiber length and molecular weight of polymer were, respectively, carried out by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tools were used to study morphological and molecular alterations. With consecutive recycling, PLA composites showed a gradual decrease in strength and stiffness properties and an increase in strain properties. The 50% and 30% filler concentration of fibers in the composite showed an abrupt decrease in strength properties after six and two reprocessing cycles, respectively.

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Biomass-Based Composites from Poly(lactic acid) and Wood Flour by Vapor-Phase Assisted Surface Polymerization

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ◽

10.1021/am1009953 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 385-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Donghee Kim ◽

Yoshito Andou ◽

Yoshihito Shirai ◽

Haruo Nishida

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Vapor Phase ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Surface Polymerization

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Effect of gas saturation conditions on the expansion ratio of microcellular poly(lactic acid)/wood-flour composites

eXPRESS Polymer Letters ◽

10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.77 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 621-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

L. M. Matuana ◽

O. Faruk

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Expansion Ratio ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Gas Saturation

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Effects of wood flour and MA-EPDM on the properties of fused deposition modeling 3D-printed poly lactic acid composites

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.4.7122-7138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 7122-7138

Author(s):

Sang-U Bae ◽

Young-Rok Seo ◽

Birm-June Kim ◽

Min Lee

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

3D Printing ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Common System ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

3D Printed ◽

Material Composite

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology is the most common system for polymer additive manufacturing (AM). Recent studies have been conducted to expand both the range of materials that can be used for FDM and their applications. As a filler, wood flour was incorporated into poly lactic acid (PLA) polymer to develop a biocomposite material. Composite filaments were manufactured with various wood flour contents and then successfully used for 3D printing. Morphological, mechanical, and biodegradation properties of FDM 3D-printed PLA composites were investigated. To mitigate brittleness, 5 phr of maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene diene monomer (MA-EPDM) was added to the composite blends, and microstructural properties of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical strength tests demonstrated that elasticity was imparted to the composites. Additionally, test results showed that the addition of wood flour to the PLA matrix promoted pore generation and further influenced the mechanical and biodegradation properties of the 3D-printed composites. An excellent effect of wood flour on the biodegradation properties of FDM 3D-printed PLA composites was observed.

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