Chlorpromazine-induced changes of endocytosis in blastomeres of the embryos of pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis L. and Eurasian weather loach Misgurnus fossilis L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
E. G. Ivashkin ◽  
E. E. Voronezhskaya
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Misgurnus Fossilis

scholarly journals A survey of miRNAs involved in biomineralization and shell repair in the freshwater gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Cerveau ◽  
Daniel John Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Mature Mirnas ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Shell Matrix

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a deeply conserved class of small, single stranded RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA levels via several targeted degradation pathways. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes and have been used to infer the deep evolutionary relationships of major groups such as the Metazoa. Here we have surveyed several adult tissues of the freshwater pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis (the Great Pond Snail) for miRNAs. In addition we perform a shell regeneration assay to identify miRNAs that may be involved in regulating mRNAs directly involved in the shell-forming process. From seven mature tissues we identify a total of 370 unique precursor miRNAs that give rise to 336 unique mature miRNAs. While the majority of these appear to be evolutionarily novel, most of the 70 most highly expressed (which account for 99.8% of all reads) share sequence similarity with a miRBase or mirGeneDB2.0 entry. We also identify 10 miRNAs that are differentially regulated in mantle tissue that is actively regenerating shell material, 5 of which appear to be evolutionarily novel and none of which share similarity with any miRNA previously reported to regulate biomineralization in molluscs. One significantly down-regulated miRNA is predicted to target Lst-Dermatopontin, a previously characterized shell matrix protein from another freshwater gastropod. This survey provides a foundation for future studies that would seek to characterize the functional role of these molecules in biomineralization or other processes of interest.

Histochemical study on the relation between NO-generative neurons and central circuitry for feeding in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisayo Sadamoto ◽  
Dai Hatakeyama ◽  
Satoshi Kojima ◽  
Yutaka Fujito ◽  
Etsuro Ito
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Pond Snail

scholarly journals Sensory mediation of memory blocking stressors in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis

2011 ◽  
Vol 214 (15) ◽  
pp. 2528-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dalesman ◽  
V. Karnik ◽  
K. Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Pond Snail

Cholinergic interneurons in the feeding system of the pond snail lymnaea stagnalis. I. cholinergic receptors on feeding neurons

1992 ◽  
Vol 336 (1277) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Cholinergic Receptors ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Inhibitory Receptor ◽  
Excitatory Response ◽  
Cholinergic Interneurons ◽  
Feeding Rhythm ◽  
Cholinergic Response

All the identified feeding motoneurons of Lymnaea respond to bath or iontophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh). Three kinds of receptors (one excitatory, one fast inhibitory and one slow inhibitory) were distinguished pharmacologically. The agonist TMA (tetram ethylam m onium ) activates all three receptors, being weakest at the slow inhibitory receptor. PTMA (phenyltrim ethylam monium ) is less potent than TMA and is ineffective at the slow inhibitory receptor, which is the only receptor sensitive to arecoline. At 0.5 mM the antagonists HMT (hexamethonium) and ATR (atropine) selectively block the excitatory response, while PTMA reduces the response to ACh at all three receptors. d-TC (curare) antagonizes only the fast excitatory and the fast inhibitory responses, but MeXCh (methylxylocholine) blocks the fast excitatory and slow inhibitory responses solely. For each of the feeding motoneurons, the sign of the cholinergic response (excitation or inhibition) is the same as the synaptic input received in the N1 phase of the feeding rhythm .

scholarly journals Tissue-specific evaluation of suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P Young ◽  
Carmen F Landry ◽  
Daniel J Jackson ◽  
Russell C Wyeth
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Suitable Reference

Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a robust technique for the quantification and comparison of gene expression across multiple tissues. To obtain reliable results, one or more reference genes must be employed to normalize expression measurements among treatments or tissue samples. Candidate reference genes must be validated to ensure that they are stable prior to use in qPCR experiments. The pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) is a common research organism, particularly in the areas of learning and memory, and is an emerging target for qPCR experimentation. However, no systematic assessment of reference genes has been performed in this animal. Therefore, the aim of our research was to identify stable reference genes to normalize gene expression data from a variety of tissues in L. stagnalis. We evaluated a panel of seven reference genes across six different tissues in L. stagnalis with RT-qPCR. The genes included: elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), beta-actin (ACTB), beta-tubulin (TUBB), ubiquitin (UBI), prenylated rab acceptor protein 1 (Rapac1), and a voltage gated potassium channel (VGKC). These genes exhibited a wide range of expression levels among tissues. The stability of each of the genes was consistent when measured by any of the standard stability assessment algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder. Our data indicate that GAPDH and EF1α are highly stable in the tissues that we examined (central nervous system, tentacles, lips, penis, foot, mantle) as well as in pooled analyses. We do not recommend VGKC for use in RT-qPCR experiments due to its relatively low expression stability. Our results were generally congruent with those obtained from similar studies in other molluscs. Given that a minimum of two reference genes are recommended for data normalization, we suggest GAPDH and EF1α are a strong option for multi-tissue analyses of RT-qPCR data in Lymnaea stagnalis.

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