A simplified method of temperature control maximizing productivity of the batch reactor; The effect of inertia of the cooling system

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Jiráček ◽  
Josef Horák
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Variable Activity ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Time Of Operation

The effect has been studied of the inertia of the cooling system on the reliability of control of the temperature of the reaction mixture. The study has been made using a mathematical model of the batch reactor with an exothermic reaction. The temperature has been controlled by a two-level controller opening and closing the flow of the coolant. The aim of the control has been to maintain a constant value of the degree of utilization of the cooling capacity of the reactor. The instantaneous value of the degree of utilization has been assessed from the ratio of times for which the cooling system is idle to the time of operation. The reliability of control has been studied for variable activity of the catalyst.

Adaptive temperature control in chemical reactors a simplified method maximizing productivity of the batch reactor

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Horák ◽  
František Jiráček ◽  
Libuše Ježová
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Chemical Reactors ◽  
Exothermal Reaction ◽  
Variable Activity ◽  
Simplified Method

A simplified method has been proposed in the paper of adaptive temperature control in a batch reactor with an exothermal reaction. The control has been effected by a two-level controller enabling the degree of utilization of the cooling capacity of the reactor to be maintained on a present value. The degree of utilization of the cooling capacity was evaluated from the ratio of the time for which the cooling system was in action to that during it was idled. The method has been applied to reactors with a small inertia of the cooling system. The study has been based on the simulation by a mathematical model of the system. Experimental verification of results of the simulation has been caried out a laboratory batch reactor with variable activity of the catalyst.

A feedback temperature control in a chemical reactor with high inertia of its cooling system

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1642-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Horák ◽  
František Jiráček ◽  
Libuše Ježová
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Given

In this work we compare simple algorithms for the one-off feedback temperature control of the reaction mixture in a batch reactor during an exothermic reaction. The aim of the control was to maintain the temperature of the mixture within the given range, and simultaneously, to minimize the number of the regulator switchings. The temperature control of the mixture was being performed at conditions when working states of the reactor in an open regulation loop are unstable and when the response of the cooler to regulation is slow. The following control algorithms were compared: P - regulator, PD - regulator and algorithms based on a prediction mathematical model including its adaptive variant. The results indicate that the algorithms based on the mathematical model are more efficient. However, the precision of the control can be diminished due to error in the time derivative of the temperature of the reaction mixture which forms the input to the prediction model. The adaptive variant of the algorithms was advantageous in cases when it was necessary to make up for significant errors in initial estimates of parameters of the prediction mathematical model.

Temperature control in chemical reactors with slow response of the cooling system; Definition of coefficients of control safety

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Horák ◽  
František Jiráček
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Information Safety ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reactor Operating

Coefficients of static, dynamic and information safety are defined. They cold be used for consideration of how difficult is the feedback of temperature control in a chemical reactor with exothermic reaction. An analysis is made for a batch reactor which should be kept in a pseudostationary state which is unstable at the open control loop. Control is based on measurement of the reaction mixture temperature and on evaluation of temperature derivative with time. The action quantity is flow rate of the carrier in the cooling system. The result of an analysis is the highest operating temperature of the mixture at which the safety of the reactor operation is still secured and further the trajectory on which it is possible to reach in the shortest time the given operating temperature at preserving safety of the reactor operating.

scholarly journals Design and Build Temperature Control and Monitoring in Diesel Engines Using Mobile

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasan Fuadi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
And Control

Diesel engines is generally used for industrial and agricultural machines. Few people care about the engine temperature so it is forced to reach temperature of 100oC, which causes overheating of the diesel engine and has an impact on the performance itself. This also uses a hopper cooling system which is certainly not effective, because it's necessary to see that the water in the reservoir is still or not, also not equipped with an engine temperature display so it's difficult to ascertain the temperature inside. This study aims to monitor and control the temperature of cooling water. Operation of temperature control uses a telecontrol system that is connected to network (Internet of Things) so diesel temperature control can be done remotely. Monitoring of temperature and water level in the reserve tank using Web Mobile. In addition, there is a temperature sensor that is used to measure the temperature of the cooling water so that users can monitor the temperature of the diesel engine on Web Mobile. The test results obtained, the temperature sensor has an average temperature reading error of 0.031004%. Diesel engines with controlled solenoid valve cooling systems can produce ideal temperatures compared to when the solenoid valve is open (using the radiator continuously) or when the solenoid valve is Closed (without using a radiator). When the solenoid is controlled the engine temperature can be ideal because the solenoid valve opening and closing system has the lowest temperature of 56.34oC and the highest temperature of only 80.85oC.

scholarly journals Methodology of Supervision by Analysis of Thermal Flux for Thermal Conduction of a Batch Chemical Reactor Equipped with a Monofluid Heating/Cooling System

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ghania Henini ◽  
Fatiha Souahi ◽  
Ykhlef Laidani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conduction ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Thermal Flux ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Heating And Cooling

We present the thermal behavior of a batch reactor to jacket equipped with a monofluid heating/cooling system. Heating and cooling are provided respectively by an electrical resistance and two plate heat exchangers. The control of the temperature of the reaction is based on the supervision system. This strategy of management of the thermal devices is based on the usage of the thermal flux as manipulated variable. The modulation of the monofluid temperature by acting on the heating power or on the opening degrees of an air-to-open valve that delivers the monofluid to heat exchanger. The study shows that the application of this method for the conduct of the pilot reactor gives good results in simulation and that taking into account the dynamics of the various apparatuses greatly improves ride quality of conduct. In addition thermal control of an exothermic reaction (mononitration) shows that the consideration of heat generated in the model representation improve the results by elimination any overshooting of the set-point temperature.

Nonisothermal control of a batch reactor with exothermic reaction using a mathematical model

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1268-1278
Author(s):  
Josef Horák ◽  
Petr Beránek ◽  
Dagmar Maršálková
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
A Value ◽  
Total Model

A method of nonisothermal control of a batch reactor with exothermic reaction is suggested and tested. The control algorithm is based on jump changes in the inlet temperature of coolant, which is chosen so that the highest difference between the temperature of the reaction mixture and the temperature of entering coolant is held at a value near the highest temperature difference at which the stable pseudostationary state still exists. A total model of the system is used for the prediction of the entering coolant temperature.

Adaptive nonisothermal computer control of a batch reactor

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-463
Author(s):  
František Jiráček ◽  
Josef Horák
Keyword(s):  
Heat Carrier ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Quality Of Control ◽  
Position Controller

The adaptive temperature control method of reaction mixture in a batch reactor with strongly exothermic reaction is verified experimentally. The utility degree of cooling capacity of the reactor is kept on the required value by use of a two-position controller which is changing the flow rate of heat carrier into the cooler. The method is based on continuous identification of properties of the system in actual time by use of the Hewlett-Packard 3 052 A computer centre. During the experiments temperature of mixture in the reactor and temperature of heat carrier in the cooler were measured. From the obtained data and their time derivatives reactivity of the mixture, heat transfer coefficient and utility degree of cooling capacity of the reactor were evaluated. In the experiments were studied the effects of cooler inertia and of additive noise in the temperature measurement on safety and quality of control. Experimental results have proved that the method is applicable to control of reaction temperature even under conditions when properties of the system are changing significantly e.g. reactivity of the mixture and dynamic properties of the manipulated variable and when pseudostationary states of the reactor are unstable in the open control loop. They simultaneously point to a significant effect of noise on system identification.

A two-point regulator control of a chemical reactor; Cooling system with a large inertia - PD algorithm

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2627-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Horák ◽  
František Jiráček ◽  
Libuše Ježová
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Laboratory Scale Reactor ◽  
Combined Simulation ◽  
Rate Of Response

The effect has been investigated of the gain of the derivative element of a PD controller on the quality of the temperature control of an exothermal reaction mixture in a batch reactor. The investigation concerned a reactor equipped with a cooling system whose rate of response could be varied in the range of several orders of magnitude. The results have lead to the conclusion that a slow response of the coolong system is difficult to make up for by using more sophisticated control algorithms. For the slow response of the cooling system the range of gain of the controller providing for a safe temperature control is narrow leaving essentially no margin for its practical utilization. The study combined simulation on a mathematical model with experimental verification of a laboratory scale reactor cooled by a submersible retractable cooler.

A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
P.R. Swann ◽  
A.E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Habit Plane ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Drift ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Better Than

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.

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