Do commonly available round facemasks fit near-term and term infants?

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Bianca Haase ◽  
Ana Maria Badinska ◽  
Bernd Koos ◽  
Christian F Poets ◽  
Laila Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Near Term ◽  
2D And 3D

ObjectiveWith inappropriately large facemasks, it is more difficult to create a seal on the face, potentially leading to ineffective ventilation during neonatal stabilisation. We investigated whether commonly available round facemasks are of appropriate size by measuring facial dimensions in near-term and term infants using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images.DesignProspective single-centre observational study.SettingInfants born in our centre at 34–41 weeks’ gestation were eligible.InterventionPatients were photographed with 2D and 3D technique.Main outcome measuresDistances between nasion and gnathion were measured and compared with the outer diameter of various round facemasks.Methods2D and 3D images were performed using standard equipment. Correlations between gestational age and the above-mentioned distances were assessed using Pearson’s r.ResultsImages were taken from 102 infants with a mean (SD) gestational age of 37.9 (2.3) weeks. Mean distance between nasion and gnathion was 46.9 mm (5.1) in 2D and 49.9 mm (4.1) in 3D images, that is, on average 3 mm smaller in 2D than with 3D (p<0.01). Based on these measurements, round facemasks with an external diameter of 50 mm seemed fitting for most (61%) term infants and 42 mm masks for most (72%) near-term infants (GA 34–36 weeks).ConclusionsRound facemasks with an external diameter of 60 mm are too large for almost all newborn infants, while 42/50 mm round facemasks are well fitting. Important anatomical structures were only visible using 3D images.Clinical trial registration numberNCT03369028

Colloid Osmotic Pressure of Umbilical Cord Plasma in Healthy and Sick Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-769
Author(s):  
Henrik Ekblad ◽  
Pentti Kero ◽  
Heikki Korvenranta ◽  
Risto Erkkola ◽  
Ilkka Välimäki
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Near Term

Colloid osmotic pressure of umbilical cord plasma was measured in 242 healthy infants, in 34 infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), in 18 infants with asphyxia, in 13 infants who were small for gestational age, in 15 infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus, and in 18 infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension. In healthy infants, colloid osmotic pressure correlated highly significantly with umbilical cord blood total protein level, gestational age, and birth weight. In infants with RDS, no correlation between colloid osmotic pressure and gestational age or birth weight was found. Infants with RDS and gestational age between 36 and 38 weeks had significantly lower colloid osmotic pressure than healthy infants, whereas colloid osmotic pressure of infants with RDS and gestational age between 32 and 35 weeks did not differ from that of healthy infants of corresponding gestational age. Healthy term infants delivered by cesarean section had significantly lower colloid osmotic pressure than infants delivered vaginally. Infants with asphyxia had significantly higher colloid osmotic pressure than healthy infants. Colloid osmotic pressure is related to the lung maturity of the near-term and term neonate. Infants with a colloid osmotic pressure greater than 16 mm Hg are unlikely to develop RDS.

scholarly journals Comparison of nostril sizes of newborn infants with outer diameter of endotracheal tubes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Haase ◽  
Ana-Maria Badinska ◽  
Christian A. Maiwald ◽  
Christian F. Poets ◽  
Laila Springer
Keyword(s):  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Inner Diameter

Abstract Background Recommendations for endotracheal tube (ETT) size usually refer to the inner diameter (ID). Outer diameters (OD), however, vary greatly between manufacturers, which in some brands might cause difficulties in passing the ETT through the nostrils if choosing the nasal route for intubation. Even though the nostrils are dilatable by an ETT, it might be difficult to pass an ETT through the posterior naris (narrowest point of the nasal passage), if the OD is bigger than the nostrils. Therefore, nostril size may provide some guidance for the appropriate ETT size preventing unsuccessful intubation attempts. This study therefore compares nostril sizes of newborn infants with ODs of ETTs from several manufacturers. Methods This is a subgroup analysis of a prospective observational study, performed in a single tertiary perinatal centre in Germany. The diameter of the nostril of infants born between 34 and 41 weeks´ gestation was measured in 3D images using 3dMDvultus software and compared to the OD of ETT from five different manufacturers. Results Comparisons of nostril sizes with ODs of different ETTs were made for 99 infants with a mean (SD) birthweight of 3058g (559) [range: 1850-4100g]. Mean (SD) nostril size was 5.3mm (0.6). The OD of the 3.5mm ETT of different manufacturers ranged from 4.8-5.3mm and was thus larger than the nostril size of 20-46% of late preterm or term infants. Some OD of a 3.0mm ETT were even bigger than the OD of a 3.5mm ETT (e.g. the 3.0mm ETT from Rüsch® has an OD of 5.0mm while the 3.5mm ETT from Portex® has an OD of 4.8mm). Conclusions Clinicians should be aware of the OD of ETTs to reduce unsuccessful intubation attempts caused by ETT sizes not fitting the nasal cavity. Generated data may help to adapt recommendations in future. Trial registration Subgroup analysis of the “Fitting of Commonly Available Face Masks for Late Preterm and Term Infants (CAFF)”-study: NCT03369028, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, December 11, 2017.

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in the First 24 Hours of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Thilo ◽  
Raul A. Lazarte ◽  
Jacinto A. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Minute Apgar Score

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is commonly thought of as occuring in the sick premature infant, usually in the first one to two weeks of life. A review of NEC at the Children's Hospital of Denver over a 5-year period, found that 13 of 79 infants (16.1%) had onset of NEC during the first day of life. These infants were larger (mean birth weight 2,624 ± 849 g), more mature (mean gestational age 37.9 ± 2.5 weeks), and less asphyxiated as judged by Apgar scores (mean five-minute score 8.15 ± 1.07) than infants with onset of NEC after the first day of life (mean birth weight 1,519 ± 586 g, mean gestational age 32.0 ± 3.5 weeks, P &lt; .001, and mean five-minute Apgar score 6.81 ± 1.84, P &lt; .05). Despite their large size and degree of maturity, eight of these infants (62%) showed signs of respiratory distress; four (31%) were polycythemic; four (31%) had either a partial or double-volume exchange transfusion performed; and 11 (85%) were fed prior to developing NEC. Presenting signs of disease, occurrence of sepsis (31%), requirement for surgical intervention (62%), and mortality (30%) were similar for the two groups of infants. It is suggested that term and near-term infants who have significant illness after delivery be treated more like their premature counterparts with cautious introduction of feedings after an adequate period of stabilization.

scholarly journals Comparison of absolute neutrophil count between premature and term infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faisal ◽  
Guslihan D Tjipta ◽  
Bidasari Lubis ◽  
Dachrul Aldy
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Absolute Neutrophil Count ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Neutrophils are very important in the body defenseagainst bacterial infection. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) couldbe used for the recognition of early-onset bacterial sepsis inneonates.Objective The aim of this study was to compare the value of ANCbetween premature and term infants, to assess the prevalence ofearly-onset neutropenia in premature infants and its relationshipwith prematurity, and to find out the correlation between gesta-tional age and ANC.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during Februaryto May 2003. Subjects were newborn infants with gestational ageof less than 37 weeks who were born in Adam Malik and PirngadiHospitals, Medan. Newborn infants with severe asphyxia (5-minuteApgar score of less than 4), fever, seizure, and maternalhypertension were excluded. Complete blood count was done bymeans of automatic cell counter (Micros (R) , Germany). Term healthyinfants were used as control subjects.Results ANC differed significantly between both groups (p=0.0001).The prevalence of early-onset neutropenia in premature infantswas 9% (95%CI 0.065;0.21). Prematurity was related with theincidence of neutropenia with a prevalence ratio of 1.1. Therewas a weak positive correlation between gestational age andANC with an r-value of 0.49 (p=0.0001).Conclusions ANC in premature infants differs from that in terminfants. The prevalence of early-onset neutropenia in prematureinfants was 9% (95%CI 0.065;0.21). Prematurity is related with theincidence of early-onset neutropenia in newborn infants. There isa correlation between gestational age and ANC

Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Premature, Near-term and Term Newborn Infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ram Manohar Kurrey ◽  
Dr. Kavita J. Lall ◽  
Dr. Karan Singh Chandrakar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Near Term

In this study we evaluate the activity of lipid profile in premature, near term and term neonates. A total number of 68 newborn infants were selected for this study. They were delivered normally, or by caesarean section, and their gestational age was included. The infants with congenital anomalies or those, whose mothers had medical problems, were excluded from the study. The gestational age was determined according to the date of the last menstrual period, or the early ultrasound in 20 weeks of gestation. All the information related to the newborns and their mothers were recorded in the prepared forms. Following the delivery, blood samples were taken from the umbilical cord immediately, and were separated after clotting, for at least 30 min at room temperature. Serum was stored at 4°C to -80C for a maximum of 2 days, prior to the analysis. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL were analyzed by enzymatic method using auto-analyzer. Serum Total Cholesterol estimated by enzymatic kit method, Triglyceride estimated by bioluminescent assay method and HDL-cholesterol estimated by phasphotungstate precipitation method manufactured by ERBS Transasia. LDL-C and VLDL-C calculated by Friedewald formula. The three groups were significantly different, regarding the means of age, weight and cholesterol and LDL-C level, whereas no significant difference was observed concerning the level of triglyceride and HDL-C,. Gender has no effect on the level of cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C in the total population and in all subgroups (P value more than 0.05). On the basis of present study we assume that the cholesterol level was higher in those with prematurity and pre-term delivery, and is also inversely correlated with the infant’s birth weight. Therefore, we believe that monitoring, observation and early-lifestyle modifications may decrease the severity of atherosclerosis in the vessels in adulthood. This study says, it is evident that the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in premature and near term neonates was higher than a term neonates ; triglyceride and VLDL were higher in term neonates as compared to near term neonates. Fall in HDL was significantly observed in premature neonates than term neonates and near term neonates but no significance found in term and near term neonates.

scholarly journals Management of hyperbilirubinemia in near ... term newborns according to American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines: Report of three cases

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Naomi Esthemita Dewanto ◽  
Rinawati Rohsiswatmo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Maternal Anxiety ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Transient Rise ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Severe Hyperbilirubinemia

All neonates have a transient rise inbilirubin levels, and about 30-50% ofinfants become visibly jaundiced.1,2Most jaundice is benign; however,because of the potential brain toxicity of bilirubin,newborn infants must be monitored to identifythose who might develop severe hyperbilirubinemiaand, in rare cases, acute bilirubin encephalopathyor kernicterus. Ten percent of term infantsand 25% of near-term infants have significanthyperbilirubinemia and require phototherapy. 3The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)recommends procedures to reduce the incidenceof severe hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubinencephalopathy, and to minimize the risks ofunintended harm such as maternal anxiety,decreased breastfeeding, and unnecessary costsor treatment.4The guidelines provide a framework for theprevention and management of hyperbilirubinemiain newborn infants of 35 weeks or more ofgestational age (term and near-term newborns).This case report details the management of threenewborns of 35 or more gestational age at theSiloam Lippo Cikarang Hospital, Tanggerang, WestJava, Indonesia according to the AAP guidelines.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Associated Hospitalizations in Infants of 33 to 42 Weeksʼ Gestation: Does Gestational Age Matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 231 (04) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Resch ◽  
Charlotte Wörner ◽  
Selma Özdemir ◽  
Magdalena Hubner ◽  
Claudia Puchas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Older Siblings

Abstract Background To evaluate rates and characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations (RSV-H) in infants of 33 to 42 weeks of gestational age (GA). Patients All infants with a history of neonatal hospitalization and a GA of 33 to 42 weeks born between 2005 and 2015 and follow-up at least over one RSV season (first year of life). Infants with congenital heart disease and other congenital anomalies were excluded. Methods Retrospective single-center cohort STROBE compliant study. Data were collected regarding demographic data and re-hospitalization characteristics due to respiratory illness and due to RSV infection; and data were compared between moderate-late preterm, near term, term, and post term infants, respectively. Results A total of 81.656 live born infants were registered in our catchment area with gestational age from 33 to 42 weeks during the study period; and 2188 of 2356 preterm infants and 1004 of 1168 term infants with history of neonatal hospitalization were included for analysis. Rehospitalizations due to respiratory illness occurred in 301 preterm (13.8%) and 136 term (13.5%) infants for 381 and 183 times, respectively. In total 84 of 3192 infants (2.6%) were tested RSV positive, 61 of 2188 preterm (2.8%) and 23 of 1004 term (2.3%). Preterm infants without history of neonatal hospitalization had a RSV hospitalization (RSV-H) rate of 1.7% (61/3488) and term infants of 1.3% (967/74.644) that were significantly lower compared to study infants (p=0.004 and 0.002, respectively). Moderate and late preterm (2.8%), near term (3.1%) and post term (3.5%) infants had significantly higher RSV-H rates compared to term infants (1.2%). Risk factors for RSV-H in preterm infants included discharge during RSV season (4.2 vs. 2.0%, p=0.017) and presence of older siblings (4.2 vs. 2.1%, p=0.023), in term infants presence of older siblings (p=0.019). The course of RSV disease did not differ between groups. Discussion Interestingly, we did not observe decreasing RSV-H rates with increasing GA. Term infants represented the group with lowest RSV-H rates. Neonatal hospitalization was a risk factor for RSV-H for both preterm and term infants. Near term infants do more resemble the late preterm than term infants regarding RSV-H rates. Conclusion We found comparable higher RSV-H rates in all groups compared to term infants without differences in the course of disease and identified neonatal hospitalization as an independent risk factor.

Screening investigations in small-for-gestational-age near-term and term infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (12) ◽  
pp. 1707-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan B. Krishnamurthy ◽  
Abigail Popiel ◽  
Atul Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Near Term

Percutaneous Central Venous Silastic Catheters in Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE CARRERA ◽  
CARLO COCCIA ◽  
BERNARDO COPPALINI ◽  
ALDO LIBERATORE ◽  
IOLANDA MINOLI
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Perinatal Pathology

To the Editor.— We were interested to read the paper by Durand et al,1 and wish to point out that the same technique has been [See table in the PDF file] used in the Department of Perinatal Pathology of the Provincial Maternity Hospital of Milan, Italy, since January 1981 by means of the Vygon catheter (internal diameter 0.3 mm, external diameter 0.6 mm). Our preliminary results have been published.2 From Jan 1, 1981, to Dec 31, 1985, we placed 555 catheters in 438 newborns (241 boys, 197 girls) with a mean birth weight of 1,845 g (range 600 to 4,000 g) and a mean gestational age of 32 weeks (range 24 to 42 weeks).

Serum Aldosterone Concentrations Related to Sodium Balance in the Newborn Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-413
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Siegel ◽  
Delbert A. Fisher ◽  
William Oh
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Sodium Load ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
The Mean

Serum aldosterone concentrations and sodium (Na) balance were studied between 24 and 48 hours of life in 39 newborn infants of various gestational ages and in infants with or without respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) . The serum aldosterone levels in the neonatal period were high but not related to gestational age. The serum aldosterone levels of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants were similar to those of the full-term infants. In normal infants (preterm and full term) and in SGA infants, the mean oral Na intake was 1.0 mEq/kg/24 hr; in this group of infants, no correlation was observed between Na intake and excretion or between Na intake and serum aldosterone concentrations, probably due to the narrow range of Na intake. In preterm infants with RDS, Na was given in larger quantities and by the parenteral route. In this group, significant correlations were observed between Na intake and Na excretion and between Na intake and serum aldosterone concentrations. These data suggest that the expected sodium dependent regulatory mechanism for aldosterone secretion is functional 10 the preterm infants with RDS when given a large sodium load; and that the quantity of Na excretion is consistent with the variations in aldosterone concentrations.

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