scholarly journals Comparison of absolute neutrophil count between premature and term infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faisal ◽  
Guslihan D Tjipta ◽  
Bidasari Lubis ◽  
Dachrul Aldy
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Absolute Neutrophil Count ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Neutrophils are very important in the body defenseagainst bacterial infection. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) couldbe used for the recognition of early-onset bacterial sepsis inneonates.Objective The aim of this study was to compare the value of ANCbetween premature and term infants, to assess the prevalence ofearly-onset neutropenia in premature infants and its relationshipwith prematurity, and to find out the correlation between gesta-tional age and ANC.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during Februaryto May 2003. Subjects were newborn infants with gestational ageof less than 37 weeks who were born in Adam Malik and PirngadiHospitals, Medan. Newborn infants with severe asphyxia (5-minuteApgar score of less than 4), fever, seizure, and maternalhypertension were excluded. Complete blood count was done bymeans of automatic cell counter (Micros (R) , Germany). Term healthyinfants were used as control subjects.Results ANC differed significantly between both groups (p=0.0001).The prevalence of early-onset neutropenia in premature infantswas 9% (95%CI 0.065;0.21). Prematurity was related with theincidence of neutropenia with a prevalence ratio of 1.1. Therewas a weak positive correlation between gestational age andANC with an r-value of 0.49 (p=0.0001).Conclusions ANC in premature infants differs from that in terminfants. The prevalence of early-onset neutropenia in prematureinfants was 9% (95%CI 0.065;0.21). Prematurity is related with theincidence of early-onset neutropenia in newborn infants. There isa correlation between gestational age and ANC

scholarly journals Electromyography of muscles involved in feeding premature infants

CoDAS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Dantas Martins ◽  
Renata Maria Moreira Moraes Furlan ◽  
Andréa Rodrigues Motta ◽  
Maria Cândida Ferrarez Bouzada Viana
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cup Feeding ◽  
Masseter Muscles

PURPOSE: To measure and compare the electrical activity of masseter, temporal, and suprahyoid muscles in premature newborn infants during breast-feeding and cup-feeding.METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out by the electromyographic assessment of 36 preterm infants, 53% of whom were male, with mean gestational age of 32 weeks and birth weight of 1,719 g, fed via oral route, by full breast-feeding and supplementation of diet, through cup with expressed breast milk, until 15 days after hospital discharge. Children with neurological disorders, genetic syndromes, oral-motor, and/or congenital malformations were excluded. The different methods of feeding and the variables gestational age at birth, corrected gestational age, chronological age, birth weight and size, head circumference, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were analyzed and compared by appropriate statistical analysis.RESULTS: No difference was observed between breast-feeding and cup-feeding in the analysis of the temporal and masseter muscles. However, higher activity of suprahyoid musculature was observed during cup-feeding (p=0.001). The other variables were not correlated with the electrical activity of the muscles during the different feeding methods.CONCLUSION: There may be a balance between the activity of the temporal and masseter muscles during breast-feeding and cup-feeding. There was higher activity of suprahyoid musculature during cup-feeding. This can be explained by the greater range of tongue movement, as premature infants usually perform tongue protrusion to get the milk from the cup.

PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION IN NEWBORN INFANTS AND IN THE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069-1101
Author(s):  
L. Stanley James
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Lung Expansion

To improve our understanding of the respiratory distress syndrome, the importance of early examination of the infant, preferably at delivery, cannot be overemphasized. An attempt should be made to estimate clinically the degree of birth asphyxiation by a method such as the Apgar Score. The nature of respirations as well as the rate should be noted, particularly retractions and grunting. Decreased response to stimuli or poor tone, and a low blood pressure are significant signs. In this review, a number of comparisons have been drawn, including evidence from adult medicine or animal experiments. While these may appear unrelated, irrelevant or unduly speculative, they have been introduced for several purposes: to draw attention to aspects of the syndrome other than respiratory distress; to acquaint the general reader with more recent physiology which is deemed pertinent; and to emphasize the importance of relating one system to another, especially respiration to circulation. Many of the studies of respiratory function point to cardiac as well as pulmonary failure, notably the need for oxygen in the presence of a normal tidal and increased minute volume. Other circumstantial evidence of cardiac failure is abundant. Asphyxia appears to play a central role, affecting almost every system in the body and every phase of metabolism. It is probably responsible for the normal or low venous pressures occurring with a failing myocardium. It also accounts for the higher incidence of respiratory distress in the smaller prematures who are unable to achieve and maintain normal lung expansion. The syndrome is uncommon in larger full-term infants and in these instances is associated with obstetrical complications causing more severe degrees of birth asphyxia. The clinical picture includes a number of variations depending upon whether respiratory depression or symptoms relating to the central nervous or gastrointestinal systems predominate. Nevertheless, diagnosis of the respiratory distress syndrome should rely not on the presence or absence of membranes at necropsy, but rather on the history, symptoms and clinical signs. Inasmuch as asphyxia is not a disease, it would seem more logical to regard the syndrome as a failure in adaptation to extrauterine life. Failure to comprehend the many adaptations which newborn infants must make, both cardiopulmonary and biochemical, together with a narrow view centering only around the hyaline membranes, have for so many years cloaked this syndrome with mystery. Physiologic measurements in sick infants are difficult, and many of the determinations and calculations arduous. Some of the studies require confirmation, and others remain to be done, employing new or improved technics which are free from disadvantages of older methods. Because of many variables, caution should be exercised in drawing conclusions from a small number of cases. Early pioneering work has contributed greatly and has paved the way for future investigations. The value of serial studies correlated with careful clinical observations in order that the precise nature of a dynamic process may be more fully revealed has been clearly shown.

MEASUREMENT OF FETAL HEMOGLOBIN IN NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Charles D. Cook ◽  
Hugh R. Brodie ◽  
David W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Intrauterine Hypoxia ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Erythropoietic Response

A relation between per cent of the hemoglobin that is of the fetal type at birth and gestational age has been demonstrated. Data are presented which show that, after 34 weeks gestation, the per cent fetal hemoglobin drops approximately 3 to 4% per week prenatally. This is similar to the postnatal weekly decrease reported by other authors. Intrauterine hypoxia, particularly of the sort associated with postmaturity, was not found to be associated with an increase in per cent fetal hemoglobin and probably not associated with an increase in total hemoglobin in the body. On the basis of reticulocyte counts and clinical examination and in the absence of studies of blood volume, it is suggested that the increased total concentrations of hemoglobin observed in the postmature infant with prenatal hypoxia are possibly the result of hemoconcentration rather than erythropoietic response to lack of oxygen.

scholarly journals Reference values for N-terminal Pro-brain natriuretic peptide in premature infants during their first weeks of life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes-Sophie Fritz ◽  
Titus Keller ◽  
Angela Kribs ◽  
Christoph Hünseler
Keyword(s):  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants

Abstract The aim of our study was to observe the temporal distribution of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in premature infants of ≤ 31 weeks of gestational age (GA) during the first weeks of life. NT-proBNP values of 118 preterm infants born ≤ 31 weeks GA were determined during the first week of life, after 4 ± 1 weeks of life, and at a corrected GA of 36 ± 2 weeks. Infants were divided into two groups: those without relevant complications and those with complications related to prematurity. NT-proBNP values of infants without complications define our exploratory reference values. The Median NT-proBNP level of these infants was 1896 ng/l (n = 27, interquartile range (IQR): 1277–5200) during the first week of life, 463 ng/l (n = 26, IQR: 364–704) at 4 ± 1 weeks of life, and 824 ng/l (n = 33, IQR: 714–1233) at a corrected GA of 36 ± 2 weeks. Infants born < 28 + 0 weeks GA had significantly higher NT-proBNP values (n = 9, median: 5200, IQR: 1750–8972) than infants born ≥ 28 + 0–31 weeks GA (n = 18, median: 1528, IQR: 838–3052; p = 0.017). Growth restriction or PDA status could not account for the difference in NT-proBNP values between GA groups. Conclusions: The results of our observational and cross-sectional study describe exploratory reference values for NT-proBNP levels in preterm infants of ≤ 31 weeks GA according to postnatal age. NT-proBNP levels during the first week of life are high and widely distributed in preterm infants and decrease subsequently to reach a distinctly lower and stable plateau at around 1 month of life. Our results suggest an influence of GA on NT-proBNP values in the first week of life. What is Known:• Several complications related to prematurity, e.g., hemodynamically significant PDA, pulmonary hypertension, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity, have been associated with a temporary rise in NT-proBNP values in preterm infants during their first weeks of life.What is New:• This observational study provides reference values for NT-proBNP levels of very and extremely preterm infants during their first weeks of life.• In premature infants without complications, NT-proBNP values during their first week of life depend on gestational age at birth.

THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COAGULATION SYSTEM IN THE PREMATURE INFANT

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Andrew ◽  
B A Paes ◽  
R A Milner ◽  
P J Powers ◽  
M Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infant ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Term Infants

A cohort study was performed to determine the postnatal development of the coagulation system in the “healthy” premature infant. Mothers were approached for consent and a total of 132 premature infants were entered into the study. The group consisted of 64 infants with gestational ages of 34-36 weeks (prem 1) and 68 infants whose gestational age was 33 weeks or less (prem 2). Demographic information and a 2 ml blood sample were obtained on days 1, 5, 30, 90, and 180. Plasma was fractionated and stored at −70°C for batch assaying of the following tests: screening tests, PT, APTT; factor assays (biologic (B)); fibrinogen, II, V, VII, VIII:C, IX, X, XI, XII, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, XIII (immunologic (I)); inhibitors (I), antithrombin III, aα2-antiplasmin, α2-macroglobulin, α-anti-trypsin, Cl esterase inhibitor, protein C, protein S, and the fibrinolytic system (B); plasminogen. We have previously reported an identical study for 118 full term infants. The large number of premature and full term infants studied at varying time points allowed us to determine the following: 1) coagulation tests vary with the gestational age and postnatal age of the infant; 2) each factor has a unique postnatal pattern of maturation; 3) near adult values are achieved by 6 months of age; 4) premature infants have a more rapid postnatal development of the coagulation system compared to the full term infant; and 5) the range of reference values for two age groups of premature infants has been established for each of the assays. These reference values will provide a basis for future investigation of specific hemorrhagic and thrombotic problems in the newborn infant.

scholarly journals Auditory pathway maturational study in small for gestational age preterm infants

CoDAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Giaffredo Angrisani ◽  
Edna Maria Albuquerque Diniz ◽  
Ruth Guinsburg ◽  
Alexandre Archanjo Ferraro ◽  
Marisa Frasson de Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brainstem Response

PURPOSE: To follow up the maturation of the auditory pathway in preterm infants small for gestational age (SGA), through the study of absolute and interpeak latencies of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in the first six months of age.METHODS: This multicentric prospective cross-sectional and longitudinal study assessed 76 newborn infants, 35 SGA and 41 appropriate for gestational age (AGA), born between 33 and 36 weeks in the first evaluation. The ABR was carried out in three moments (neonatal period, three months and six months). Twenty-nine SGA and 33 AGA (62 infants), between 51 and 54 weeks (corrected age), returned for the second evaluation. In the third evaluation, 49 infants (23 SGA and 26 AGA), with age range from 63 to 65 weeks (corrected age), were assessed. The bilateral presence of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and normal tympanogram were inclusion criteria.RESULTS: It was found interaural symmetry in both groups. The comparison between the two groups throughout the three periods studied showed no significant differences in the ABR parameters, except for the latencies of wave III in the period between three and six months. As for the maturation with tone burst 0.5 and 1 kHz, it was found that the groups did not differ.CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that, in the premature infants, the maturational process of the auditory pathway occurs in a similar rate for SGA and AGA. These results also suggest that prematurity is a more relevant factor for the maturation of the auditory pathway than birth weight.

scholarly journals Characteristic of exocrine function of the pancreas in premature newborns

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
A.Sh. Fazylova ◽  
◽  
D.I. Akhmedova ◽  
A.T. Kamilova ◽  
S.S. Khasanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Exocrine Function ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Fecal Elastase ◽  
Early Postnatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Study Results

Premature babies in early postnatal ontogenesis are characterized by the immaturity of many functional systems, including the digestive system. The imperfection of the motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract in them is combined with insufficient activity of the enzyme systems, the peculiarities of the formation of the microbial landscape of the colon, which contributes to the development of digestive dysfunctions and complicates enteral feeding, especially in deeply premature infants. In order to determine the parameters pancreatic elastase (PE) in premature infants, depending on the gestational age and the nature of feeding, 135 newborns were examined (108 premature infants with a gestational age of 22 to 32 weeks and 27 term infants). All children underwent a general clinical examination, as well as a study for PE on the 13–14th day of life, when the volume of enteral nutrition reached 70 percent or more. Analysis of the study results revealed a clear relationship between the degree of prematurity and the severity of pancreatic insufficiency. A clear relationship between fecal elastase indicators and the type of feeding was determined. The most favorable situation is observed in exclusively breastfed children, who have the highest fecal elastase values, which practically do not differ from the control values. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: premature, elastase, pancreatic insufficiency.

STUDY OF CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Binh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Phuong Thao Tran ◽  
Hung Viet Phan
Keyword(s):  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Total Serum Bilirubin ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hands And Feet

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical problem encountered during the neonatal period, especially in the first week of life. It is a multifactorial disorder with many symptoms. Most of these cases are benign but it is important to identify those babies at risk of acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicteurs or chronic encephalopathy. Jaundice may also be a sign of a serious underlying illness. Objectives: Describe and examine the relationship between clinical characteristics with laboratory tests of indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonatal. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive. A convenient sample includes 124 patients under 28 days old had jaundice and were treated at Neonatal room, Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy from 05/2015 to 06/2016. Results: The proportion of male/female is 1.3/1. 66.9% is in term infants. 73.4% onset of jaundice in 24 - 72 hours of age. 67.7% had jaundice all the body before were taken to neonatal room. 47.6% cases were caused by neonatal infection. 93.5% cases had total serum bilirubin < 340 µmol/L. It has a weak positive correlation between the degree of clinical jaundice with level of total serum bilirubin. 31/124 cases suspected ABO incompatibility but Coombs test were negative, however they had high rate of anemia than the others is 13.2 times (p<0.01). Conclusions: Indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonatal is usually detected when the baby had jaundice to hands and feet. Therefore precautionary measure should be adopted by both parents and clinicians to diagnose and treat the disease properly. Key words: jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal

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