Proliferating trichilemmal tumour of the eyelid in a 7-year-old girl

Proliferating trichilemmal tumours (PTTs) are rare cutaneous adnexal tumours derived from the hair shaft outer root sheath. We are reporting the first case of PTT in a young child. In this case, a 7-year-old girl presented with trichilemmal keratinisation consistent with PTT. The patient was monitored with no signs of recurrence. PTT is a rare tumour occurring primarily in adults and we present this case so that young patients with PTT can be diagnosed and treated appropriately with a painless, mobile, rapidly growing mass on the right upper eyelid. CT imaging showed well-circumscribed, heterogenous mass measuring 1.6 cm with fluid-filled appearance and no tissue invasion. Surgical excision was performed and pathology revealed an unencapsulated, well-demarcated tumour.

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Case Report: A rapidly growing cyst on the scalp

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.19157.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 779

Author(s):

Emma Short ◽

Aisling O'Shea ◽

Krishna Mukkanna ◽

Girish Patel ◽

Stefan Docjinov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Excision ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

The Body ◽

Low Grade ◽

Outer Root Sheath ◽

Rare Tumour ◽

Suspected Infection ◽

Root Sheath ◽

History Of

Trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare tumour derived from the outer root sheath of hair follicles. It can be difficult to distinguish both clinically and histologically from other skin lesions, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. We present the case of a 62-year-old female with a 20-year history of three 1-cm cysts on her scalp. Over a six-month period, a cyst overlying the occiput had become painful and grown in size. The general practitioner and subsequently local emergency department suspected infection. The lesion was incised, and the patient was treated with oral antibiotics. At the time of surgical excision, the lesion measured 3 x 4 cm. Microscopic examination identified rounded dermal lobules of squamous epithelium with trichilemmal keratinization, in keeping with a pre-existing pilar cyst. There were areas with nuclear pleomorphism, mitoses and an infiltrative architecture. A diagnosis of trichilemmal carcinoma arising in a pilar cyst was made. Trichilemmal carcinomas are considered to be a low-grade tumour, but they have the potential to spread to lymph nodes and to metastasise to distant sites in the body, therefore adequate excision and appropriate follow-up are required.

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An Exceptional Case of Intraparotid Plexiform Neurofibroma Originating from Autonomic Fibers of the Auriculotemporal Nerve

Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/8327215 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sarantis Blioskas ◽

Sotiris Sotiriou ◽

Katerina Rizou ◽

Triantafyllia Koletsa ◽

Petros Karkos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parotid Gland ◽

Plexiform Neurofibroma ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

Exceptional Case ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

First Case ◽

Superficial Lobe ◽

The Right ◽

Auriculotemporal Nerve

Plexiform neurofibromas are benign tumors that tend to occur in patients suffering from neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). This report addresses a rare case where the tumor affected the parotid gland, deriving almost exclusively from the peripheral portion of the facial nerve. A 6-year-old male was referred to us complaining about a gradually enlarging swelling over the right parotid area. Imaging localized the lesion to the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, suggesting a neurofibroma. Cosmetic disfigurement and a functional deficit led us to perform complete surgical resection. Meticulous surgical dissection as well as auriculotemporal nerve origin made complete extirpation possible with almost zero morbidity and ensured alleviation of both aesthetic impairment and pain. This is the first case of an intraparotid PN in a pediatric NF-1 patient, which originated from branches of the auriculotemporal nerve and particularly from fibers of the autonomic nervous system. Radical surgical excision was decided according to established decision-making algorithms.

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Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: a report of two unusually large lesions in the mandible

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S88-S89

Author(s):

A Lazim ◽

R Kuklani ◽

D Sundararajan

Keyword(s):

Benign Neoplasm ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Odontogenic Tumor ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor ◽

Impacted Tooth ◽

Anterior Maxilla ◽

Recommended Treatment ◽

First Case ◽

The Right

Abstract Introduction/Objective Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon benign odontogenic tumor representing 3 to 7% of all odontogenic tumors. This tumor was first reported as adeno-ameloblastoma by Bernier and Tiecke in 1950 as it was initially assumed to be a type of ameloblastoma. In 1969, Philipsen and Bern proposed the term adenomatoid odontogenic tumor which was subsequently adopted by WHO and became the accepted terminology for this tumor. AOT is classified as a tumor of odontogenic epithelium but occasionally abnormal hard tissues consistent with dentinoid material may also be present as part of the tumor. AOT tends to occur in younger patients and 50% of the cases are diagnosed in teenagers. It occurs twice as commonly in females and frequently involves the anterior maxilla. Radiographically, AOT can appear as a radiolucent or mixed lucent-opaque lesion and may be associated with an impacted tooth. Methods/Case Report We report two unusually large expansile lesions of AOT that presented in the mandible. In the first case, the tumor presented as an expansile radiolucent lesion involving the right posterior mandible in a 32 year old female. In the second case, the tumor presented as an expansile mixed lucent-opaque lesion involving the left anterior mandible in a 21 year old female. The clinical presentation, radiographic and imaging findings, histopathologic features and treatment of these two cases will be discussed. The recommended treatment for AOT is surgical excision. The prognosis is good as this tumor seldom recurs after excision. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion AOT is considered to be a non-aggressive, non-invasive and slow growing benign neoplasm. It is usually discovered on routine radiographic examination as the lesion is usually small and asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis but occasional cases that are larger in size have been reported in the literature.

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Integrin-linked kinase is required for epidermal and hair follicle morphogenesis

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.200608125 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 177 (3) ◽

pp. 501-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Katrin Lorenz ◽

Carsten Grashoff ◽

Robert Torka ◽

Takao Sakai ◽

Lutz Langbein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Leading Edge ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Membrane Dynamics ◽

Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽

Outer Root Sheath ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Integrin Linked Kinase

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton and is believed to phosphorylate several target proteins. We report that a keratinocyte-restricted deletion of the ILK gene leads to epidermal defects and hair loss. ILK-deficient epidermal keratinocytes exhibited a pronounced integrin-mediated adhesion defect leading to epidermal detachment and blister formation, disruption of the epidermal–dermal basement membrane, and the translocation of proliferating, integrin-expressing keratinocytes to suprabasal epidermal cell layers. The mutant hair follicles were capable of producing hair shaft and inner root sheath cells and contained stem cells and generated proliferating progenitor cells, which were impaired in their downward migration and hence accumulated in the outer root sheath and failed to replenish the hair matrix. In vitro studies with primary ILK-deficient keratinocytes attributed the migration defect to a reduced migration velocity and an impaired stabilization of the leading-edge lamellipodia, which compromised directional and persistent migration. We conclude that ILK plays important roles for epidermis and hair follicle morphogenesis by modulating integrin-mediated adhesion, actin reorganization, and plasma membrane dynamics in keratinocytes.

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Malignant myoepithelioma of the parotid gland: case report and review of the literature

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100131858 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 109 (10) ◽

pp. 995-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Thomas R. Klumpp ◽

Rose M. Mohr ◽

Craig L. Silverman ◽

Chik-Kwun Tang ◽

I. B. Elfenbein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Progressive Disease ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Combined Modality Treatment ◽

Adjuvant Radiation ◽

Rare Tumour ◽

Diagnostic Biopsy ◽

Metastatic Sites ◽

The Right

AbstractA 62-year-old male with a myoepithelioma of the right parotid gland was treated with surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiation therapy. Prior to the completion of radiation therapy, the patient developed progressive disease at local, regional, and distant metastatic sites. Combined modality treatment with radiation and chemotherapy resulted in a significant but transient shrinkage of the tumours at all sites. The patient succumbed to metastatic disease 212 days following the diagnostic biopsy. This case illustrates several of the distinctive clinical and pathological characteristics of this rare tumour.

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Altered Hypoxia-Induced and Heat Shock Protein Immunostaining in Secondary Hair Follicles Associated with Changes in Altitude and Temperature in Tibetan Cashmere Goats

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102798 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2798

Author(s):

Yanyu He ◽

Xiu Liu ◽

Jie De ◽

Saihong Kang ◽

John S. Munday

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Structural Features ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Gansu Province ◽

Outer Root Sheath ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Cashmere Goats

This experiment compared secondary hair follicles (SFs) in Tibetan cashmere goats from two different steppes that were at different altitudes and had different temperatures. Twenty-four 2-year-old goats were studied. Twelve goats were from Rikaze in Tibet which is at an altitude of above 5000 m with an average temperature of 0 °C. The other 12 studied goats were from Huan County of Gansu Province which is around 2000 m above sea level with an average temperature of 9.2 °C. The structural features of SFs were assessed using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The presence of HIF-1a, HIF-2a, HIF-3a, HSP27, and HOXC13 proteins was studied using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Light and electron microscopy revealed that the SFs of the Tibetan cashmere goats that lived in the Rikaze Steppe were in the proanagen stage in May. However, the SFs of the goats from the lower warmer Huan County were in the anagen stage at the same time. Immunohistochemistry revealed intense immunostaining for HIF-1a protein in the inner root sheath (IRS) and hair shaft (HS); immunostaining against HIF-2a in the outer root sheath (ORS) and IRS; HIF-3a protein immunostaining in the ORS; HSP27 immunostaining in the ORS, IRS, and HS; and HOXC13 immunostaining in the ORS and HS. HIF-1a protein expression in the IRS and HS was higher than the expression in the ORS (p < 0.05) while the expression of HIF-2a protein was higher in the ORS and IRS than the HS (p < 0.05). The expression of HIF-3a protein was higher in the ORS than in the IRS (p < 0.05). Expression of HOXC13 protein was higher in the ORS than in the IRS and HS (p < 0.05). Immunostaining of HIF-1a, HIF-2a, and HSP27 protein was significantly higher in SFs from cashmere goats from Rikaze than in goats from Huan (p < 0.05). In contrast, HOX13 protein immunostaining was significantly higher in cashmere goats from Huan than from Rikaze (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the SFs of cashmere goats from two locations that differ in altitude and temperature. This suggests the differences in the secondary hair follicles could be due to the hypoxia and lower temperatures experienced by the goats in Rikaze. These results are useful in understanding how altitude and temperature influence SF development. Hair produced by the SFs are used for down fiber. Therefore, understanding of the factors that influence SF development will allow the production and harvest of these valuable fibers to be maximized.

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Idiopathic Omental Infarction Mimic Acute Appendicitis: A Case Report

Surgical Case Reports ◽

10.31487/j.scr.2020.12.07 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Hamad Almakinzy ◽

Bandar Idress ◽

Hamad Almakinzy

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Acute Appendicitis ◽

Acute Abdomen ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Iliac Fossa ◽

Young Patients ◽

Acute Onset ◽

First Case ◽

Laparoscopy Surgery ◽

The Right

Idiopathic Omental Infarct (IOI) is a rare cause of an acute abdomen that arises from an interruption of blood supply to the omentum. Since first case was described by Elitelin 1899, more than 300 cases have been published [1]. It can mimic serious surgical pathology. It occurs in <1% of appendicitis cases [2]. It’s challenge to diagnose, as features may mimic acute appendicitis and therefore in young patients, may only be discovered intra-operative. Here, we present a case of omental infarct in 26-year-old gentleman with no significant medical or surgical background who present with acute onset of right iliac fossa (RIF) pain. Examination revealed tenderness over the right iliac fossa and was having localized rebound. His inflammatory markers were high. He was successfully treated with laparoscopy surgery and he was subsequently discharged the following day.

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Recurrent malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumour of the scalp: a case report

Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice ◽

10.1017/s1460396915000229 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Lohith G. Reddy ◽

Vijetha Jayakumar ◽

Sudhan Rajan ◽

Ramesh S. Bilimagga ◽

V. Priyadarshini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Malignant Transformation ◽

Distant Metastases ◽

Outer Root Sheath ◽

Solitary Lesion ◽

Electron Therapy ◽

Root Sheath ◽

The Right ◽

Disease Free

AbstractIntroductionProliferating trichilemmal tumour (PTT) is a benign tumour originating from the outer root sheath of a hair follicle. In rare instances, malignant transformation has been reported, evidenced by regional or distant metastases. Malignant transformation of PTT is often confused with squamous cell carcinoma. PTT usually occur as a solitary lesion on the scalp. It was first described as a proliferating epidermoid cyst by Wilson-Jones in 1966.Case descriptionA female patient presented with a growing lesion on scalp in the right parietal region. She had already undergone excision for the same 8 months ago. The cyst was surgically removed and scalp was treated with electron therapy using a field dimension of 8×8 cm in 2011. Now, the patient is disease free with good quality of life.ConclusionOncologists can consider electron therapy in management of PTT. This can improve cosmesis and quality of life of these patients.

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Trigeminal nerve haemangioma eroding the petrous carotid canal

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215109004654 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 123 (11) ◽

pp. 1258-1261 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

I Saliba ◽

F El Fata ◽

F Berthelet ◽

R Moumdjian

Keyword(s):

Trigeminal Nerve ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽

Foramen Ovale ◽

Meckel’S Cave ◽

Rare Tumour ◽

Carotid Canal ◽

First Case ◽

Meckel's Cave ◽

The Right

AbstractObjective:To report the first case of mandibular branch haemangioma of the trigeminal nerve causing erosion of the petrous carotid canal. The radiological and histological findings in this case are reviewed.Case report:A 60-year-old woman presented with severe, right-sided facial pain and paraesthesia. There were no associated symptoms of facial weakness or diplopia. A magnetic resonance imaging scan with gadolinium enhancement was performed. This showed a lesion slightly compressing the right Meckel's cave and eroding the right petrous carotid canal, occupying the foramen ovale and extending to the pterygoid muscle. The lesion was removed via a subtemporal approach.Conclusion:Haemangiomas are usually found on the skin and in other soft tissues. However, this rare tumour should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions occupying Meckel's cave and the foramen ovale.

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Plexiform Neurofibroma Involving the Lacrimal Gland

Case Reports in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1159/000456067 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mikael Hofsli ◽

Nico Gampenrieder ◽

Steffen Heegaard

Keyword(s):

Lacrimal Gland ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Plexiform Neurofibroma ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

High Recurrence Rate ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽

Upper Eyelid ◽

Nerve Branch ◽

First Case ◽

The Right

Background: To present a rare case of a 2-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who presented with ptosis of the right upper eyelid along with a tumor in the eyelid. Methods: A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the orbit revealed a solid tumor located extraconally at the site of the right lacrimal gland. A transcranial orbitotomy was performed. Results: Histopathological examination demonstrated expanded nerve branches/fascicles cut in various planes in between normal lacrimal gland acini. These findings were consistent with a plexiform neurofibroma presumably deriving from the lacrimal nerve and/or a supraorbital nerve branch. Conclusion: This is the first case of a plexiform neurofibroma involving the lacrimal gland ever described and the tumor shows similarities with neurofibroma in other salivary glands with a high recurrence rate. Plexiform neurofibromas are frequently seen in patients with NF1 and rarely undergo malignant transformation.

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