scholarly journals Foveal structure and visual function in nanophthalmos and posterior microphthalmos

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318717
Author(s):  
Philipp L Müller ◽  
Tim Treis ◽  
Abdulrahman Alsaedi ◽  
Andrew R Webster ◽  
Peng Khaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Posterior Microphthalmos ◽  
Choroidal Effusion

Background/aimsThe reason for visual impairment in patients with nanophthalmos and posterior microphthalmos is not completely understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate foveal structure, and the impact of demographic, clinical and imaging parameters on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in these conditions.MethodsSixty-two eyes of 33 patients with nanophthalmos (n=40) or posterior microphthalmos (n=22), and 114 eyes of healthy controls with high-resolution retinal imaging including spectral-domain or swept-source optical coherence tomography images were included in this cross-sectional case–control study. Foveal retinal layer thickness was determined by two independent readers. A mixed-effect model was used to perform structure–function correlations and predict the BCVA based on subject-specific variables.ResultsMost patients (28/33) had altered foveal structure associated with loss of foveal avascular zone and impaired BCVA. However, widening of outer nuclear layer, lengthening of photoreceptor outer segments, normal distribution of macular pigment and presence of Henle fibres were consistently found. Apart from the presence of choroidal effusion, which had significant impact on BCVA, the features age, refractive error, axial length and retinal layer thickness at the foveal centre explained 61.7% of the variability of BCVA.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that choroidal effusion, age, refractive error, axial length and retinal layer thickness are responsible for the majority of interindividual variability of BCVA as well as the morphological foveal heterogeneity in patients with nanophthalmos or posterior microphthalmos. This might give further insights into the physiology of foveal development and the process of emmetropisation, and support clinicians in the assessment of these disease entities.

scholarly journals Comparison of Retinal Layer Thickness and Capillary Vessel Density in the Patients with Spontaneously Resolved Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Kyu Jin Han ◽  
Hyeong Ju Kim ◽  
Je Moon Woo ◽  
Jung Kee Min
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Capillary Vessel

We investigate retinal layer thickness and capillary vessel density (VD) in the patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) who recovered spontaneously and evaluate the correlation between the changes in these values and visual outcomes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). This retrospective case–control study included 34 eyes of 34 patients with spontaneously resolved acute CSC. The changes in retinal layer thickness and capillary VD were examined using SS-OCT and OCTA after complete resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF). The fellow eyes and 34 healthy eyes were used as controls. In the eyes with CSC, the outer retinal layer was significantly thinner than in the eyes of fellow and healthy controls. The foveal avascular zone area and VDs in the superficial and deep capillary plexus in the eyes with CSC were not significantly different from those in the eyes of fellow and healthy controls. The VD of the choriocapillaris in the eyes with CSC was significantly lower than that in the eyes of fellow and healthy controls. Correlation analyses revealed that the outer retinal layer thickness and initial visual acuity were positively correlated with the final visual acuity. Furthermore, the initial SRF area and height were negatively correlated with the outer retinal layer thickness after SRF resolution. Attenuation of outer retinal layer thickness and decreased VD of the choriocapillaris were observed in the eyes with spontaneously resolved acute CSC. The outer retinal layer thickness could be an important visual predictor of CSC.

scholarly journals Changes in retinal microvasculature and retinal layer thickness in association with apolipoprotein E genotype in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Youn Shin ◽  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Hyung Keun Lee ◽  
Suk Ho Byeon
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
Capillary Plexus

AbstractBiomarker tests of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are invasive and expensive. Recent developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have enabled noninvasive, cost-effective characterization of retinal layer vasculature and thickness. Using OCTA and OCT, we characterized retinal microvascular changes in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of AD and assessed their correlation with structural changes in each retinal neuronal layer. We also evaluated the effect of the APOE-ε4 genotype on retinal microvasculature and layer thickness. Retinal layer thickness did not differ between MCI patients (40 eyes) and controls (37 eyes, all p > 0.05). MCI patients had lower vessel density (VD) (p = 0.003) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and larger foveal avascular zone area (p = 0.01) of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) than those of controls. VD of the SCP correlated with the ganglion cell layer (r = 0.358, p = 0.03) and inner plexiform layer thickness (r = 0.437, p = 0.007) in MCI patients. APOE-ε4-carrying MCI patients had a lower VD of the DCP than non-carriers (p = 0.03). In conclusion, retinal microvasculature was reduced in patients with AD-associated MCI, but retinal thickness was not changed; these changes might be affected by the APOE genotype. OCTA of the retinal microvasculature may be useful to detect vascular changes in AD.

scholarly journals Changes in each retinal layer and ellipsoid zone recovery after full-thickness macular hole surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Woo Lee ◽  
Tae-Yeon Kim ◽  
Yong-Yeon Song ◽  
Seung-Kook Baek ◽  
Young-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Macular Hole ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Ellipsoid Zone ◽  
Full Thickness Macular Hole ◽  
Fellow Eyes

AbstractTo analyze the changes in each retinal layer and the recovery of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) after full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) surgery. Patients who underwent surgery for FTMH were included. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. A total of 32 eyes were enrolled. Ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and inner nuclear layer showed significant reductions over time after surgery (P = 0.020, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively), but were significantly thicker than those of fellow eyes at 12 months postoperatively. The average recovery duration of the external limiting membrane (ELM), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and EZ was 1.5, 2.1, and 6.1 months, respectively. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P = 0.003), minimum linear diameter (MLD) (P = 0.025), recovery of EZ (P = 0.008), and IRL thickness (P < 0.001) were significant factors associated with changes in the BCVA. Additionally, axial length (P < 0.001), MLD (P = 0.020), and IRL thickness (P = 0.001) showed significant results associated with EZ recovery. The IRL gradually became thinner after FTMH surgery but was still thicker than that of the fellow eye at 12 months postoperatively. The recovery of ELM and ONL may be a prerequisite for the EZ recovery. The BCVA change was affected by baseline BCVA, MLD, recovery of EZ, and IRL thickness. Additionally, axial length, MLD, and IRL thickness were significantly associated with EZ recovery.

scholarly journals Inner and outer retinal layer thickness alterations in pediatric and juvenile craniopharyngioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga-In Lee ◽  
Kyung-Ah Park ◽  
Sei Yeul Oh ◽  
Doo-Sik Kong ◽  
Sang Duk Hong
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Photoreceptor Layer ◽  
Chiasmal Compression

AbstractWe evaluated postoperative retinal thickness in pediatric and juvenile craniopharyngioma (CP) patients with chiasmal compression using optical coherence tomography (OCT) auto-segmentation. We included 18 eyes of 18 pediatric or juvenile patients with CP and 20 healthy controls. Each thickness of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, and photoreceptor layer was compared between the CP patients and healthy controls. There was significant thinning in the macular RNFL (estimates [μm], superior, − 10.68; inferior, − 7.24; nasal, − 14.22), all quadrants of GCL (superior, − 16.53; inferior, − 14.37; nasal, − 24.34; temporal, − 9.91) and IPL (superior, − 11.45; inferior, − 9.76; nasal, − 15.25; temporal, − 4.97) in pediatric and juvenile CP patients postoperatively compared to healthy control eyes after adjusting for age and refractive errors. Thickness reduction in the average and nasal quadrant of RNFL, GCL, and IPL was associated with peripapillary RNFL thickness, and reduced nasal quadrant GCL and IPL thicknesses were associated with postoperative visual field defects. In pediatric and juvenile patients with CP, decreased inner retinal layer thickness following chiasmal compression was observed. The changes in retinal structures were closely related to peripapillary RNFL thinning and functional outcomes.

scholarly journals Association between Visual Acuity and Retinal Layer Metrics in Diabetics with and without Macular Edema

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
LakshmiPriya Rangaraju ◽  
Xuejuan Jiang ◽  
J. Jason McAnany ◽  
Michael R. Tan ◽  
Justin Wanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature

Purpose. Diabetes is known to cause alterations in retinal microvasculature and tissue that progressively lead to visual impairment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is useful for assessment of total retinal thickening due to diabetic macular edema (DME). In the current study, we determined associations between visual acuity (VA) and retinal layer thickness, reflectance, and interface disruption derived from enface OCT images in subjects with and without DME. Materials and Methods. Best corrected VA was measured and high-density OCT volume scans were acquired in 149 diabetic subjects. A previously established image segmentation method identified retinal layer interfaces and locations of visually indiscernible (disrupted) interfaces. Enface thickness maps and reflectance images of the nerve fiber layer (NFL), combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCLIPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), photoreceptor outer segment layer (OSL), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were generated in the central macular subfield. The associations among VA and retinal layer metrics were determined by multivariate linear regressions after adjusting for covariates (age, sex, race, HbA1c, diabetes type, and duration) and correcting for multiple comparisons. Results. In DME subjects, increased GCLIPL and OPL thickness and decreased OSL thickness were associated with reduced VA. Furthermore, increased NFL reflectance and decreased OSL reflectance were associated with reduced VA. Additionally, increased areas of INL and ONL interface disruptions were associated with reduced VA. In subjects without DME, increased INL thickness was associated with reduced VA, whereas in subjects without DME but with previous antivascular endothelium growth factor treatment, thickening of OPL was associated with reduced VA. Conclusions. Alterations in retinal layer thickness and reflectance metrics derived from enface OCT images were associated with reduced VA with and without presence of DME, suggestive of their potential for monitoring development, progression, and treatment of DME.

scholarly journals Reduced vessel density in deep capillary plexus correlates with retinal layer thickness in choroideremia

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316528
Author(s):  
Alessandro Arrigo ◽  
Francesco Romano ◽  
Maurizio Battaglia Parodi ◽  
Peter Charbel Issa ◽  
Johannes Birtel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Clinical Series

BackgroundTo assess retinal layer thickness in choroideremia (CHM) and to reveal its correlation with optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) findings.MethodsThe study was designed as an observational, cross-sectional clinical series of patients with CHM, which included 14 CHM eyes and 14 age-matched controls. Multimodal imaging included OCT and OCTA. The vessel density (VD) of superficial capillary (SCP), deep capillary (DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC) plexuses was analysed by OCTA. The apparently preserved retinal islet and atrophic regions were investigated separately. Main outcome measures were as follows: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), total retinal layers, ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), ellipsoid zone–retinal pigment epithelium (EZ-RPE) layer, choroidal thickness and VDs of SCP, DCP and of CC.ResultsMean BCVA was 0.0±0.0 LogMAR in both groups. GCL, ONL, EZ-RPE and choroid were significantly thinned in CHM, particularly in the atrophic region. OPL was unaffected in the apparently preserved islet, whereas INL and IPL were similarly thinned in the atrophic and apparently preserved retina. DCP appeared severely affected in both regions, while CC was only altered in the atrophic retina. Significant correlations were found between OCT and OCTA parameters.ConclusionsOur study showed severe alterations in both outer and inner retinal layers of patients with CHM. The extended retinal involvement might be the consequence of neuronal and vascular trophic factor reduction produced by the primarily altered RPE and/or secondary Müller glial cell reaction.

scholarly journals The effect of initial lens diopter on myopia control by orthokeratology in Teenagers A retrospective Beijing Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifeng Yu ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
Xue Liu ◽  
Si-Yuan Li ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Myopia Control

Abstract Background To investigate the effect of initial refractive error on the control of myopia by orthokeratology. Methods Retrospective study. Data were analyzed from 78 patients (156 eyes) who underwent orthokeratology in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2014 to April 2018. The changes of axial length and diopter after wearing the lenses were measured. Patients were divided into six groups according to refractive error: <-1.00D, -1.00~ -2.00D, -2.00D~ -3.00D, -3.00D~ -4.00D, -4.00D~ -5.00D and -5.00~ -6.00D. A mixed-effect model was used to analyze the relevant data. At the same time, the interaction item between diopter and wearing time was analyzed, and the influence of gender was corrected. Results Patients averaged 12.9±2.161 years old. Two years after wearing orthokeratology lenses, there was a statistically significant difference with the interaction item between refractive error and wearing time in each group. The estimated values ​​were 0.0631 for the right eye and 0.053 for the left eye. Orthokeratology lenses controlled the progression of myopia well, but the reduction depended on the initial diopters. Binocular axial length examination didn’t show statistically significant difference with the interaction item. Axial length increased with time, and the magnitude of increase did not differ among groups. However, the increase in the axial length of the male more than that of the female.Conclusion Initial refractive errors have a significant impact on the control of myopia by orthokeratology. The less severe myopia patient demonstrated a more pronounced benefits after wearing orthokeratology lenses. Key words: refractive error; myopia; orthokeratology

scholarly journals ThicknessTool: automated ImageJ retinal layer thickness and profile in digital images

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Maidana ◽  
Shoji Notomi ◽  
Takashi Ueta ◽  
Tianna Zhou ◽  
Danica Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Calibration Dataset ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Abstract To develop an automated retina layer thickness measurement tool for the ImageJ platform, to quantitate nuclear layers following the retina contour. We developed the ThicknessTool (TT), an automated thickness measurement plugin for the ImageJ platform. To calibrate TT, we created a calibration dataset of mock binary skeletonized mask images with increasing thickness masks and different rotations. Following, we created a training dataset and performed an agreement analysis of thickness measurements between TT and two masked manual observers. Finally, we tested the performance of TT measurements in a validation dataset of retinal detachment images. In the calibration dataset, there were no differences in layer thickness between measured and known thickness masks, with an overall coefficient of variation of 0.00%. Training dataset measurements of immunofluorescence retina nuclear layers disclosed no significant differences between TT and any observer’s average outer nuclear layer (ONL) (p = 0.998), inner nuclear layer (INL) (p = 0.807), and ONL/INL ratio (p = 0.944) measurements. Agreement analysis showed that bias between TT vs. observers’ mean was lower than between any observers’ mean against each other in the ONL (0.77 ± 0.34 µm vs 3.25 ± 0.33 µm) and INL (1.59 ± 0.28 µm vs 2.82 ± 0.36 µm). Validation dataset showed that TT can detect significant and true ONL thinning (p = 0.006), more sensitive than manual measurement capabilities (p = 0.069). ThicknessTool can measure retina nuclear layers thickness in a fast, accurate, and precise manner with multi-platform capabilities. In addition, the TT can be customized to user preferences and is freely available to download.

scholarly journals The effect of initial lens diopter on myopia control by orthokeratology in Teenagers A retrospective Beijing Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifeng Yu ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
Xue Liu ◽  
Si-Yuan Li ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Myopia Control

Abstract Background To investigate the effect of initial refractive error on the control of myopia by orthokeratology. Methods Retrospective study. Data were analyzed from 78 patients (156 eyes) who underwent orthokeratology in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2014 to April 2018. The changes of axial length and diopter after wearing the lenses were measured. Patients were divided into six groups according to refractive error: <-1.00D, -1.00~ -2.00D, -2.00D~ -3.00D, -3.00D~ -4.00D, -4.00D~ -5.00D and -5.00~ -6.00D. A mixed-effect model was used to analyze the relevant data. At the same time, the interaction item between diopter and wearing time ( the first time when children wear orthokeratology lens) was analyzed, and the influence of gender was corrected. Results Patients averaged 12.9±2.161 years old. Two years after wearing orthokeratology lenses, there was a statistically significant difference with the interaction item between refractive error and wearing time in each group. The estimated values ​​were 0.0631 for the right eye and 0.053 for the left eye. Orthokeratology lenses controlled the progression of myopia well, but the reduction depended on the initial diopters. Binocular axial length examination didn’t show statistically significant difference with the interaction item. Axial length increased with time, and the magnitude of increase did not differ among groups. However, the increase in the axial length of the male more than that of the female. Conclusion Initial refractive errors have a significant impact on the control of myopia by orthokeratology. The less severe myopia patient demonstrated a more pronounced benefits after wearing orthokeratology lenses.

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