myopia control
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2022 ◽  
pp. 359-378
Author(s):  
Sarah Singh

Myopia is already the most common ocular disorder in the world, and its prevalence continues to increase worldwide. Higher myopic refractive errors are associated with an increased risk of vision-threatening complications, which has led to many investigations into the underlying cause of myopia and the mechanisms of myopia progression in order to prevent or delay the onset of myopia and slow its progression. This chapter briefly reviews ocular development and emmetropization, summarizes the known risk factors for myopia onset and myopia progression, reviews current clinical interventions for controlling myopia, and provides practice management recommendations. Finally, instances of syndromic myopia, which have not been shown to be responsive to myopia control treatments, are reviewed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 962-971
Author(s):  
E. P. Tarutta ◽  
O. V. Proskurina ◽  
E. N. Iomdina

The article presents expert study results about myopia control. The study was conducted by Russian eye care practitioners in 2019.Purpose. to summarize the views of eye care practitioners on the problem of myopia control in Russia.Methods. The study was conducted by mailing (sending) questionnaires to practitioners. The questionnaire contained 9 questions. Base questionnaire was developed by British Contact Lens Association (BCLA) for global study, translated into Russian and updated with items of interest to Russian practitioners.Results. 356 questionnaires were received and processed. Concern increasing frequency of pediatric myopia was highest (9.0 ± 0.08 on a 10 point scale). Orthokeratology was perceived to be the most effective method of myopia control, followed by myopia control soft contact lenses and increased time outdoors. Perceived effectiveness rated as percentage was 50.7 ± 1.6 %, 44.9 ± 1.8 % и 42.9 ± 1.7 % respectively. Perifocal spectacles correction was perceived to be the most effective method in the Southern area of Russia (56.8 ± 11.1 %), atropine — in the Northwestern Federal District (39.5 ± 7.1 %), scleroplasty — in the Far East (55.1 ± 7.6 %). Under-correction was perceived to be the least effective method in all areas (11.6 ± 1.0 %). Increased time outdoors was a priority for most practitioners (on average 94.0 ± 7.8 prescriptions per month by one practitioner). Practitioners prescribed single vision spectacles as the primary mode of correction for myopic patients (47.2 ± 3.6 prescriptions per month by one practitioner). Phenylephrine instillation was used often (49.4 ± 3.6 prescriptions per month by one practitioner). This trend was in most areas. Vision therapy was used most frequent in Siberia and the Urals and in the Far East (70.4 ± 11.5 и 20.0 ± 5.2 prescriptions per month by one practitioner respectively). The most common reasons practitioners gave for not adopting myopia control strategies were: they were felt to be uneconomical (42.1 %); they considered there to be inadequate information about the modalities (22.2 %). 45 % practitioners from the Far East called the last reason the main one. 42.9 % practitioners from Northwestern Federal District did not believe that these are any more effective methods then single vision correction.Conclusion. The active promotion and introduction into everyday clinical practice of myopia control methods that have proven to be highly effective could help reduce the frequency of progressive and degenerative myopia


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4318
Author(s):  
Chen-Ying Su ◽  
Lung-Kun Yeh ◽  
Yi-Fei Tsao ◽  
Wen-Pin Lin ◽  
Chiun-Ho Hou ◽  
...  

Orthokeratology lenses are commonly used for myopia control, especially in children. Tear lipids and proteins are immediately adsorbed when the lens is put on the cornea, and protein deposition may cause discomfort or infection. Therefore, we established an in vitro protein deposition analysis by mimicking the current cleaning methods for orthokeratology lens wearers for both short-term and long-term period. The results showed that the amounts of tear proteins accumulated daily and achieved a balance after 14 days when the lens was rubbed to clean or not. Protein deposition also affected the optical characteristics of the lens regardless of cleaning methods. Our results provided an in vitro analysis for protein deposition on the lens, and they may provide a potential effective method for developing care solutions or methods that can more effectively remove tear components from orthokeratology lenses.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Chun Tang ◽  
Kaidi Xiang ◽  
Lipu Cui ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to observe the changes in spherical equivalent and ocular axial length 6 months after withdrawal of 1% atropine eye gel.Methods: Due to COVID-19, the follow-up of patients in our optometric clinic who were undergoing myopia control treatment with a dropwise 1% atropine “5+3” regimen was interrupted. No return visit was made after the 3 months of at-home treatment, and follow-ups resumed 6 months after treatment withdrawal. The contralateral eye was not treated over the 9-month period. A total of 16 patients aged 11.5 years (average) were enrolled from November 2019 to March 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The treated eyes formed a treatment group (16 eyes) and the contralateral eyes formed a control group (16 eyes). The changes in spherical equivalent, ocular axial length, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were compared between groups. Results: After 9 months, the changes in spherical equivalent were significantly less in the treatment group (0.00 ± 0.20 [D]) compared to the control group (-0.67 ± 0.25 [D]) (P<0.05). The ocular axial length changes were significantly less in the treatment group (0.00 ± 0.06 mm) compared to the control group (0.25 ± 0.11 mm) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups for changes in IOP. Conclusions: Despite treatment withdrawal after 3 months, treatment with 1% atropine eye gel successfully controlled myopia progression in the 6 months after withdrawal, as evidence by no rebound increase in myopic spherical equivalent after the withdrawal.


Author(s):  
Chenglu Ding ◽  
Yunyun Chen ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Yingying Huang ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yuan ◽  
Chengcheng Zhu ◽  
Mingming Liu ◽  
Yali Zhou ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide and is presently recognized as a major public health issue. Researchers and clinicians have been devoted in exploring appropriate clinical interventions to slow its progression in children. Mounting publications have proven that both orthokeratology (OK lens) and 0.01% atropine eyedrop can retard eye growth and myopia progression. However, it remains unclear whether the combination of OK lens and 0.01% atropine has the potential to magnify the effectiveness of myopia control. The present study aims to compare the myopia control efficiency of the combination of OK lens and 0.01% atropine with the monotherapy of OK lens in children. Methods The present study is a randomized, controlled, double-blind and multicenter clinical trial. A total of 96 children within 8–12 years old were recruited. These participants are treated with the combination of OK lens and 0.01% atropine eyedrop or the combination of OK lens and placebo eyedrop. Each group includes 48 participants. The inclusion criteria are as follows: myopia between − 1.00 and − 4.00 D in either eye and astigmatism of no more than 1.50 D. The follow-up time points will be 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months from randomization. The primary outcome is determined by the difference in axial length of the two groups, between the baseline and 24 months from randomization. Discussion The present randomized, controlled clinical trial would indicate the additive effects of the combination of OK lens and 0.01% atropine, and the extent of these effects, in retarding myopia progression and axial elongation in children. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR1800018419. Registered on 17 September 2018. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=29216


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 148-155

Purpose. The prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide and its long-term effects can have major impacts on eye health. Paediatric onset of myopia leads to a higher risk for developing high levels of myopia in adulthood. Slowing down or stopping myopia progression is an important task for the future. Material and Methods. Based on a literature review, the latest developments in the field of myopia control for children were summarized. The current study situation for orthokeratology, soft contact lenses, atropine therapy and spectacle lenses for the management of myopia is discussed in detail. Results. Results on the safety and effectiveness of orthokeratology and modified soft contact lenses are exceedingly consistent. Soft multifocal contact lenses, as well as newer spectacle lenses, recently received regulatory approval for myopia control. Studies on the administration of atropine recommend a dosage of 0.01 - 0.05 %. All methods slow down myopia progression and decrease axial length growth of the eye. Side effects, adverse events or discontinuation of treatment only occur in the rarest of cases. Orthokeratology and atropine continue to deliver the best results. Conclusion. From today’s perspective, carrying out myopia control can be recommended with great certainty. The choice of method depends on the individual requirements of each patient, with all methods offering success in reducing myopia progression. In the future, even more advanced contact lens geometries, more precise atropine dosages or improved optics of spectacle lenses will further increase the success of the treatment. Keywords. Progressive myopia, myopia control, children, contact lenses, atropine, spectacle lenses


2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Cui ◽  
Xiujuan Li ◽  
Yong Lyu ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Bingxin Zhao ◽  
...  

AbstractFour hundred myopic children randomly received atropine 0.02% (n = 138) or 0.01% (n = 142) in both eyes once-nightly or only wore single-vision spectacles (control group) (n = 120) for 2 years. Spherical equivalent refractive error (SER), axial length (AL), pupil diameter (PD), and amplitude of accommodation (AMP) were measured every 4 months. After 2 years, the SER changes were − 0.80 (0.52) D, − 0.93 (0.59) D and − 1.33 (0.72) D and the AL changes were 0.62 (0.29) mm, 0.72 (0.31) mm and 0.88 (0.35) mm in the 0.02% and 0.01% atropine groups and control group, respectively. There were significant differences between changes in SER and AL in the three groups (all P < 0.001). The changes in SER and AL in the 2nd year were similar to the changes in the 1st year in the three groups (all P > 0.05). From baseline to 2 years, the overall decrease in AMP and increase in PD were not significantly different in the two atropine groups, whereas the AMP and PD in the control group remained stable (all P > 0.05). 0.02% atropine had a better effect on myopia control than 0.01% atropine, and its effects on PD and AMP were similar to 0.01% atropine. 0.02% or 0.01% atropine controlled myopia progression and AL elongation synchronously and had similar effects on myopia control each year.


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