Sarcopenia: early prevention or overdiagnosis?

Five of 40 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) had lymphoid blast crisis and 4 of them achieved complete remission of metamorphosis with vincristine and prednisone. While in hematologic remission, two of these subjects developed meningeal leukemia. Clinical and biologic data indicated that the course of the disease after lymphoid blast crisis was very similar to that of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is suggested that patients with CML who develop lymphoid blast crisis should be treated with an intensive therapeutic protocol including early prevention of meningeal leukemia.

Download Full-text

Early Prevention of Maternal Sexual Abuse

Childhood Vulnerability Journal ◽

10.1007/s41255-021-00018-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jelena Gerke ◽

Tatjana Dietz

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Child Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Child Protection ◽

Early Prevention ◽

Marginalized Groups ◽

Raising Awareness ◽

Hebrew University ◽

Research Findings

AbstractChild sexual abuse has been discussed thoroughly; however, marginalized groups of victims such as victims of child sexual abuse in early childhood and victims of maternal sexual abuse have rarely been considered. This essay combines these two relevant perspectives in child protection and aims to pin out future directions in the field of child abuse and specifically maternal sexual abuse and its early prevention. In the course of the 7th Haruv International PhD Workshop on Child Maltreatment at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, in 2019 the topics of maternal sexual abuse and early prevention of child maltreatment in Germany were discussed and intertwined. Problems concerning the specific research of maternal sexual abuse in early childhood and prevention were identified. Both, maternal sexual abuse as well as sexual abuse in early childhood, i.e. before the age of three, are underreported topics. Society still follows a “friendly mother illusion” while recent cases in German media as well as research findings indicate that the mother can be a perpetrator of child sexual abuse. Similarly, sexual abuse in early childhood, namely abuse before the age of three, is existent; although the recognition of it is difficult and young children are, in regards to their age and development especially vulnerable. They need protective adults in their environment, who are aware of sexual abuse in the first years of life. Raising awareness on marginalized or tabooed topics can be a form of prevention. An open dialog in research and practice about the so far marginalized topics of maternal sexual abuse and sexual abuse in early childhood is crucial.

Download Full-text

Identification of Plant-Leaf Diseases Using CNN and Transfer-Learning Approach

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10121388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1388

Author(s):

Sk Mahmudul Hassan ◽

Arnab Kumar Maji ◽

Michał Jasiński ◽

Zbigniew Leonowicz ◽

Elżbieta Jasińska

Keyword(s):

Disease Classification ◽

Batch Size ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Early Prevention ◽

Computation Cost ◽

Training Time ◽

Feature Based ◽

Deep Cnn ◽

Accuracy Rates

The timely identification and early prevention of crop diseases are essential for improving production. In this paper, deep convolutional-neural-network (CNN) models are implemented to identify and diagnose diseases in plants from their leaves, since CNNs have achieved impressive results in the field of machine vision. Standard CNN models require a large number of parameters and higher computation cost. In this paper, we replaced standard convolution with depth=separable convolution, which reduces the parameter number and computation cost. The implemented models were trained with an open dataset consisting of 14 different plant species, and 38 different categorical disease classes and healthy plant leaves. To evaluate the performance of the models, different parameters such as batch size, dropout, and different numbers of epochs were incorporated. The implemented models achieved a disease-classification accuracy rates of 98.42%, 99.11%, 97.02%, and 99.56% using InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNetV2, and EfficientNetB0, respectively, which were greater than that of traditional handcrafted-feature-based approaches. In comparison with other deep-learning models, the implemented model achieved better performance in terms of accuracy and it required less training time. Moreover, the MobileNetV2 architecture is compatible with mobile devices using the optimized parameter. The accuracy results in the identification of diseases showed that the deep CNN model is promising and can greatly impact the efficient identification of the diseases, and may have potential in the detection of diseases in real-time agricultural systems.

Download Full-text

National Surveillance of Injury in the Republic of Korea: Increased Injury Vulnerability in the Late Middle Age

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1210

Author(s):

Hansol Chang ◽

Ji Young Min ◽

Dajeong Yoo ◽

Se Uk Lee ◽

Sung Yeon Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle Age ◽

Age Groups ◽

Admission Rate ◽

Age Group ◽

National Surveillance ◽

Early Prevention ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Prevention Methods ◽

Injury Outcomes

Surveillance of injury patterns and comparisons among different age groups help develop a better understanding of recent injury trends and early prevention. This study conducted a national surveillance of injury by age group. Data were collected retrospectively from Emergency Department-Based Injury In-Depth Surveillance (EDIIS) in South Korea, between January 2011 and December 2017. Patients were divided into the following four groups by age: Group 1–18 to 34 years, Group 2–35 to 49 years, Group 3–50 to 64 years, and Group 4—≥65 years. A total of 1,221,746 patients were included in the study. Findings revealed that, each year, the injury rate increased in the population aged ≥65 years. The place and mechanism of injury in Group 3 were similar to those in younger age groups, while injury outcomes and injured body parts were similar to those in Group 4. Further, hospital admission rate, ICU admission rate, hospital death, traumatic brain injury, and injury severity increased with an increase in age. In our study, each age group showed diverse characteristics pertaining to the mechanism, place, time, and outcomes of injuries. Interestingly, Group 3, which represented the late middle age, exhibited increased vulnerability to injury, and emerged as a gray zone between the young and old age groups. Therefore, different injury prevention methods are needed for each age group. Specifically, early prevention methods need to be implemented from the late middle age to improve the old age group’s injury outcomes.

Download Full-text

Nutrition beyond the first 1000 days: diet quality and 7-year change in BMI and overweight in 3-year old children from the Dutch GECKO Drenthe birth cohort

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s204017442000118x ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Petra C. Vinke ◽

Milou H. H. S. Luitjens ◽

Karlien A. Blijleven ◽

Gerjan Navis ◽

Daan Kromhout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Cohort ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Early Life ◽

Food Groups ◽

Early Prevention ◽

Total Study Population ◽

Healthy Development ◽

Study Population ◽

Diet Score ◽

Overweight Prevalence

Abstract The identification of early-life determinants of overweight is crucial to start early prevention. As weight gain accelerates between 2 and 6 years, we studied the association between diet quality in children aged 3 years and the change in BMI and overweight incidence in the following 7 years. From the Dutch GECKO Drenthe birth cohort, 1001 children born in 2006 or 2007 with complete data on diet (food frequency questionnaire at the age of 3 years) and growth at the age of 3 and 10 years were included. Diet quality was estimated with the evidence-based Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS). Measured height and weight at the age of 3 and 10 years were used to calculate BMI z-scores standardized for age and sex. The associations of the LLDS (in quintiles) with BMI-z change and overweight incidence were studied with linear and logistic regression analyses. Overweight prevalence in the total study population increased from 8.3% at the age of 3 years to 16.7% at the age of 10 years. The increase in overweight prevalence ranged from 14.7% in Q1 to 3.5% in Q5. Children with a better diet quality (higher quintiles of LLDS) increased significantly less in BMI-z (confounder adjusted βLLDS = −0.064 (−0.101; −0.026)). Children with a poor diet quality at the age of 3 years had a considerably higher risk for overweight at the age of 10 years (confounder adjusted OR for Q1 vs. Q5 was 2.86 (95% CI 1.34–6.13). These results show the importance of diet in healthy development in the early life following the first 1000 days when new habits for a mature diet composed of food groups with lifelong importance are developed, providing a relevant window for overweight prevention early in life.

Download Full-text

Prediction of atherosclerosis in children and the possibility of early prevention of coronary heart disease

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj70131 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 296-297

Author(s):

O. I. Pikuza ◽

V. N. Oslopov ◽

H. M. Vakhitov ◽

A. A. Babushkina ◽

S. E. Nikolsky

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Early Prevention ◽

Cerebrovascular Pathology ◽

Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular pathology, etc.) are responsible for 40-50% of all deaths in adults. Of particular concern to clinicians is the emerging unfavorable tendency to "rejuvenate" these diseases. Currently, the fact that atherosclerosis (AS) begins to form in childhood and adolescence is indisputable.

Download Full-text