scholarly journals Patterns and distribution of tobacco consumption in India: cross sectional multilevel evidence from the 1998-9 national family health survey

BMJ ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 328 (7443) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
S V Subramanian ◽  
Shailen Nandy ◽  
Michelle Kelly ◽  
Dave Gordon ◽  
George Davey Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Household Level ◽  
National Family

AbstractObjective To investigate the demographic, socioeconomic, and geographical distribution of tobacco consumption in India.Design Multilevel cross sectional analysis of the 1998-9 Indian national family health survey of 301 984 individuals in 92 447 households in 3215 villages in 440 districts in 26 states.Setting Indian states.Participants 301 984 adults (≥ 18 years).Main outcome measures Dichotomous variable for smoking and chewing tobacco for each respondent (1 if yes, 0 if no) as well as a combined measure of whether an individual smokes, chews tobacco, or both.Results Smoking and chewing tobacco are systematically associated with socioeconomic markers at the individual and household level. Individuals with no education are 2.69 times more likely to smoke and chew tobacco than those with postgraduate education. Households belonging to the lowest fifth of a standard of living index were 2.54 times more likely to consume tobacco than those in the highest fifth. Scheduled tribes (odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.29) and scheduled castes (1.19, 1.16 to 1.23) were more likely to consume tobacco than other caste groups. The socioeconomic differences are more marked for smoking than for chewing tobacco. Socioeconomic markers and demographic characteristics of individuals and households do not account fully for the differences at the level of state, district, and village in smoking and chewing tobacco, with state accounting for the bulk of the variation in tobacco consumption.Conclusion The distribution of tobacco consumption is likely to maintain, and perhaps increase, the current considerable socioeconomic differentials in health in India. Interventions aimed at influencing change in tobacco consumption should consider the socioeconomic and geographical determinants of people's susceptibility to consume tobacco.

scholarly journals Caste, religion and regional differentials in life expectancy at birth in India: cross-sectional estimates from recent National Family Health Survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e035392
Author(s):  
Meena Kumari ◽  
Sanjay K Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
National Family

ObjectiveThough estimates of longevity are available by states, age, sex and place of residence in India, disaggregated estimates by social and economic groups are limited. This study estimates the life expectancy at birth and premature mortality by caste, religion and regions of India.DesignThis study primarily used cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015–2016 and the Sample Registration System (SRS), 2011–2015. The NFHS-4 is the largest ever demographic and health survey covering 601 509 households and 811 808 individuals across all states and union territories in India.MeasuresThe abridged life table is constructed to estimate the life expectancy at birth, adult mortality (45q15) and premature mortality (70q0) by caste, religion and region.ResultsLife expectancy at birth was estimated at 63.1 years (95% CI 62.60 -63.64) for scheduled castes (SC), 64.0 years (95% CI 63.25 - 64.88) for scheduled tribes (ST), 65.1 years (95% CI 64.69 - 65.42) for other backward classes (OBC) and 68.0 years (95% CI 67.44 - 68.45) for others. The life expectancy at birth was higher among o Christians 68.1 years (95% CI 66.44 - 69.60) than Muslims 66.0 years (95% CI 65.29 - 66.54) and Hindus 65.0 years (95% CI 64.74 -65.22). Life expectancy at birth was higher among females than among males across social groups in India. Premature mortality was higher among SC (0.382), followed by ST (0.381), OBC (0.344) and others (0.301). The regional variation in life expectancy by age and sex is large.ConclusionIn India, social and religious differentials in life expectancy by sex are modest and need to be investigated among poor and rich within these groups. Premature mortality and adult mortality are also high across social and religious groups.

scholarly journals The double burden of malnutrition among adults in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16)

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mili Dutta ◽  
Y Selvamani ◽  
Pushpendra Singh ◽  
Lokender Prashad
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Family ◽  
Dual Burden

OBJECTIVES: India still faces the burden of undernutrition and communicable diseases, and the prevalence of overweight/obesity is steadily increasing. The discourse regarding the dual burden of underweight and overweight/obesity has not yet been widely explored in both men and women. The present study assessed the determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity in India among adult men and women aged 15-49.METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional and nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), consisting of a sample of men and women, were analyzed. Stratified 2-stage sampling was used in the NFHS-4 study protocol. In the present study, bivariate and adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the correlates of underweight and overweight/obesity.RESULTS: The results suggested a persistently high prevalence of underweight coexisting with an increased prevalence of overweight/obesity in India. The risk of underweight was highest in the central and western regions and was also relatively high among those who used either smoking or smokeless tobacco. Overweight/obesity was more prevalent in urban areas, in the southern region, and among adults aged 35-49. Furthermore, level of education and wealth index were positively associated with overweight/obesity. More educated and wealthier adults were less likely to be underweight.CONCLUSIONS: In India, underweight has been prevalent, and the prevalence of overweight/obesity is increasing rapidly, particularly among men. The dual burden of underweight and overweight/obesity is alarming and needs to be considered; public health measures to address this situation must also be adopted through policy initiatives.

scholarly journals Comparison of Growth in Children of 6 to 59 Months of Age According to Birth Order: Insights from the National Family Health Survey-4

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Dharmaraj ◽  
Ananta Ghimire ◽  
Saravanan Chinnaiyan ◽  
Amrendra Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Rajendra Kumar Barik
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
National Family

Introduction: Undernutrition continues to be a major public health problem throughout the world. Higher birth order of the child contributes to higher chance of being undernutrition. But, the relationship between birth order and undernutrition has not been fully studied and understood, especially in India where the fertility rate was high. Aim: To understand the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition using National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) India. Materials and Methods: A national cross-sectional survey was conducted during January 2015 to December 2016. This study used information from a total weighted sample of 128859 children from India NFHS-4. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to investigate the association of undernutrition with birth order, other child, maternal and socio-economic factors. Three models were constructed for the study, model 1 as univariate, model 2 adjusting with birth order and socio-economic predictors and model 3 adjusting with all the predictors included in the study. Results: Of the 128859 children, median Inter Quartile Range (IQR) age was 26 (16-41) months with female/male ratio was 1:1.2. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was 37.93% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 37.67-38.20), 34.02% (95% CI 33.76-34.28) and 20.70% (95% CI 20.48-20.92), respectively. Model-1, 2 and 3 showed that the child's higher birth order was found to have higher odds of being stunted and underweight compared with first born children. Children with lower wealth quintiles, male, vaginal delivery had higher odds of being stunted, wasted and underweight in the model-3 adjusted analysis. Conclusion: This study indicates that higher birth order was a significant predictor of a child being stunted and underweight, as it is significant in all three models. However, further longitudinal studies are required to establish a cause-effect relationship between birth order and undernutrition and future interventions to prevent undernutrition should consider birth order as an important factor.

scholarly journals Scenario of under nutrition among under five years children in India and its states: findings from National Family Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3087
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar Mishra ◽  
Vijay Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
National Family ◽  
Current Scenario

Background: The status of undernutrition among under 5years children living in India is a public health concern. Our study identified contributed factors of undernutrition and current scenario of undernutrition among children living across Indian states. Objective of the study was to know the current scenario of undernutrition among under 5 years children across Indian states and to examine the associated factors with this.Methods: This study used data from 4th round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) that was coordinated by International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) during 2015-16 under the ministry of health and family welfare, GoI. Multiple logistic regression model was done to study the association between outcome (under nutrition) and socio-economic and bio-medical predictors.Results: This study identified four empowered action group (EAG) states as the problem states because of the greater number of undernourished children living in these states than other Indian states. The children whose mothers were fully exposed to mass media like newspapers/radio/television, have lower prevalence of undernutrition (50.6%). The results of multiple logistic regression revealed that the children belonging to poorest households were 2 times more likely [OR-CI, 2.35 (2.27-2.44)] to be undernourished than those belonging to richest.Conclusions: Undernutrition can be reduced through awareness with the help of mass media, providing higher education to women and reducing socio-economic inequalities. It is necessary to re-think about nutritional policy with respect to children under 5 years and frame a full proof implementation plan to reduce undernutrition in India. 

scholarly journals Global hunger index of India based on National family health survey-IV with special reference to some states and critical review

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2783
Author(s):  
Ashish Wasudeo Khobragade ◽  
K. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
State Level ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Indian States ◽  
National Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Formula

Background: India is facing serious hunger situation now. Factors responsible for this hunger situation are different. This study focuses on hunger situation in 4 different states of India and remedial measures.Methods: Secondary data was collected from National Family Health Survey-IV (NFHS). Data entry was done in excel sheet. GHI was calculated using new formula given by IFPRI.Results: There are wide disparities in hunger situation in Indian states. Madhya Pradesh is in alarming state of hunger.Conclusions: Hunger situation in Indian states varies from states to states. Different types of interventions are required at each state level to improve the overall hunger situation.

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