Covid-19: NHS England pledges extra funding to local areas to reduce vaccine inequalities

Ukraine is a unitary state, yet historically various regions, oblasts, districts, and local areas have different levels of economic development. To secure sustainable economic and social development and provide social services guaranteed by the state for each citizen according to the Constitution, the mechanism of redistribution between revenues and expenditures of oblasts, regions, and territories through the budgets of a higher level is used. The paper aims to research the peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities’ decentralization. The paper defines the nature of interbudgetary relations. The basic and reverse subsidies to Ukraine and Lvivska oblast are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages the communities face at changing approaches to balancing local budgets are determined. Regulative documents that cover the interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the problem of local finances reforming, including the development of interbudgetary relations. The scheme of the economic interbudgetary relations system in Ukraine is developed. The ways to improve the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are suggested. The negative and positive aspects, advantages, and disadvantages of the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine require the following improvements. 1. It is necessary to avoid the complete budget alignment in the process of budgets balancing by interbudgetary transfers as the major objective. 2. The interbudgetary transfers should be distributed based on a formal approach. 3. The changes have to be introduced to the calculation of medical and educational subsidies in terms of financial standard of budget provision to avoid the money deficit for coverage of necessary expenditures. 4. There is a need to improve interbudgetary relations at the levels of districts, villages, towns, and cities of district subordination. 5. Improvement of the mechanism of targeted benefits provision, their real evaluation, and control for the use of funds.

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Proteolytic enzyme arbitrated antagonization of helminthiasis by Cinnamomum cappara leaf extract in Pheretima posthuma

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-021-00261-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kayeen Vadakkan ◽

Meena K Cheruvathur ◽

Anu S Chulliparambil ◽

Famy Francis ◽

Anu P Abimannue

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Enzymatic Action ◽

Local Areas ◽

Hyperbolic Relation ◽

Proteolytic Action ◽

High Concentrations ◽

High Degree ◽

Morphological And Molecular Characterization ◽

Burk Plot

Abstract Background There have been several studies carried out to irradiate Helminthiasis however very little research have been carried out where in the enzymatic activity of plants are exploited to antagonize infections. Here we are analyzing the anthelmintic activity of Cinnamomum cappara leaf extract against Pheretima posthuma complimented by proteolytic action. Results The fresh leaves of Cinnamomum cappara was collected from local areas of Thrissur during December 2019. Plants were identified and authenticated by morphological and molecular characterization. The enzymatic action was analyzed by plotting Lineweaver–Burk plot which suggested that the extract possess the Km 185.77 μM for casein as substrate and obeyed Michaelis–Menten kinetics with typical hyperbolic relation with enzyme and increasing concentration of substrate. The effect of extract upon study subject was in directly proportional with concentration of antagonist where higher activities were obtained in high concentrations. The anatomical and histological studies suggested that the activity of extract was due to the degradation of muscular bundle of subject that resulted in the leakage of ceolomic fluid. Conclusions Cinnamomum cappara leaf extract possessed high degree of protease intervened anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma. As the study subject show immense morphological and physiological resemblance with all other helminthic parasites, this results shall be adopted to further clinical and pharmacological applications.

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The need for a Net Zero Principles Framework to support public policy at local, regional and national levels

Local Economy The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit ◽

10.1177/0269094220984742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 627-634

Author(s):

Karen Turner ◽

Antonios Katris ◽

Julia Race

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Economic Returns ◽

Net Zero ◽

Local Areas ◽

Zero Carbon ◽

Near Term ◽

And Storage ◽

Do So

Many nations have committed to midcentury net zero carbon emissions targets in line with the 2015 Paris Agreement. These require systemic transition in how people live and do business in different local areas and regions within nations. Indeed, in recognition of the climate challenge, many regional and city authorities have set their own net zero targets. What is missing is a grounded principles framework to support what will inevitably be a range of broader public policy actions, which must in turn consider pathways that are not only technically, but economically, socially and politically feasible. Here, we attempt to stimulate discussion on this issue. We do so by making an initial proposition around a set of generic questions that should challenge any decarbonisation action, using the example of carbon capture and storage to illustrate the importance and complexity of ensuring feasibility of actions in a political economy arena. We argue that this gives rise to five fundamental ‘Net Zero Principles’ around understanding of who really pays and gains, identifying pathways that deliver growing and equitable prosperity, some of which can deliver near-term economic returns, while avoiding outcomes that simply involve ‘off-shoring’ of emissions, jobs and gross domestic product.

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Satisfied Residents in Different Types of Local Areas: Measuring What’s Most Important

Social Indicators Research ◽

10.1007/s11205-013-0406-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 87-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rod McCrea ◽

Tung-Kai Shyy ◽

Robert J. Stimson

Keyword(s):

Local Areas ◽

Different Types

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Local areas in the North of England in Danish and Norman times

Notes and Queries ◽

10.1093/nq/s8-xii.294.134d ◽

1897 ◽

Vol s8-XII (294) ◽

pp. 134-134

Author(s):

A. S. Ellis

Keyword(s):

The North ◽

Local Areas

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Interfacial Microstructure Evolution of Copper/Aluminium Laminates with Different Annealing Processes

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2976 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 239-242 ◽

pp. 2976-2980 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ying Hui Zhang ◽

Jing Qin ◽

Hong Jin Zhao ◽

Gao Lei Xu

Keyword(s):

Intermetallic Compounds ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Microstructure Evolution ◽

Diffusion Zone ◽

Interfacial Microstructure ◽

Combination Process ◽

Local Areas

The interfacial microstructure evolution of copper/aluminium laminates with different annealing processes was studied. It was found that the formation and growth of intermetallic compounds in the interface during metallurgical combination process have four stages: the incubation period, the formation of island-like new phases in local areas, the transverse-lengthwise-transverse growth of diffusion zone, the formation of new intermetallic compounds and thickening of diffusion zone.

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Citizen accountability in the ‘New NHS’ in England

Critical Social Policy ◽

10.1177/0261018317742341 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 418-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bob Hudson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Future Development ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Citizen Engagement ◽

Local Areas ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Accountability Gap

The NHS is facing a combination of lower spending and increasing demand. In response, NHS England is requiring local areas to substantially rethink and reshape services through Sustainability and Transformation Plans. These have been devised largely without the involvement of patients and citizens, giving rise to widespread concerns about service loss. Other structural changes are also taking place that have no obvious place for citizen engagement. All of this is highlighting the problem of a lack of local accountability and legitimacy for decision-making in healthcare. This commentary describes the changes, identifies the accountability gap and suggests a framework for future development.

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