Patients with nodding syndrome in Uganda improve with symptomatic treatment: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivePlasmodium falciparumis epileptogenic and in malaria endemic areas, is a leading cause of acute seizures. In these areas, asymptomatic infections are common but considered benign and so, are not treated. The effects of such infections on seizures in patients with epilepsy is unknown. This study examined the relationship betweenP. falciparuminfection and seizure control in children with a unique epilepsy type, the nodding syndrome.DesignThis cross-sectional study was nested in an ongoing trial ‘Doxycycline for the treatment of nodding syndrome (NCT02850913)’. We hypothesised that, in patients with epilepsy, infection byP. falciparum,including asymptomatic infections, increases the risk of seizures and impairs seizure control.Setting and participantsParticipants were Ugandan children with nodding syndrome, age ≥8 years, receiving sodium valproate. All had standardised testing including documentation of the number of seizures in the past month, a rapid malaria test and if positive, the peripheral blood parasite density.OutcomesThe primary outcome was the number of seizures in the past month (30 days).ResultsA total of 164/240 (68%) had malaria. Asymptomatic infections (without fever) were seen in 160/240 (67%) and symptomatic infections in 4/240 (2.7%). In participants without malaria, the median (IQR) number of seizures in the past month was 2.0 (1.0–4.0) and it was 4.0 (2.0–7.5) in participants with malaria, p=0.017. The number of seizures in asymptomatic persons was 3.0 (IQR 2.0–7.3) and 6.0 (IQR 4.0–10.0) in symptomatic individuals, p=0.024. Additionally, in asymptomatic patients, a positive correlation was observed between the parasite density and number of seizures, r=0.33, p=0.002.ConclusionIn patients with nodding syndrome, both asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria are associated with an increased risk of seizures and poorer seizure control. Similar effects should be examined in other epilepsy disorders. Malaria prevention should be strengthened for these patients and chemotreatment and prevention studies considered to improve seizure control.

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Patients' understanding of words used to describe lumps: a cross-sectional study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215105006481 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Neil K Chadha ◽

Costa Repanos

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1044/ffd20.1.10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Evelyn R. Klein ◽

Barbara J. Amster

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Graduate Programs ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Graduate Course ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fluency Disorders ◽

Introductory Course ◽

Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

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Confidence toward vaccination as reported by parents of children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Vacunas ◽

10.1016/j.vacun.2020.04.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y.M. AlGoraini ◽

N.N. AlDujayn ◽

M.A. AlRasheed ◽

Y.E. Bashawri ◽

S.S. Alsubaie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Abstract #862211: Muscle Mass and Muscle Function Determinants in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)39867-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 158-159

Author(s):

Bagher Larijani

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Conflict Avoidance in Old Age

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000168 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lia Oberhauser ◽

Andreas B. Neubauer ◽

Eva-Marie Kessler

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Conflict Avoidance ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Lifespan ◽

Set Up

Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.

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Internalizing Behavior During the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000025 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 187-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marc Vierhaus ◽

Arnold Lohaus ◽

Indra Shah

Keyword(s):

Research Design ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Fourth Graders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Graders ◽

Internalizing Behavior ◽

Longitudinal Assessment ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The One

This investigation focuses on the question whether assessments of the development of internalizing behavior from childhood to adolescence are affected by the kind of research design (longitudinal versus cross-sectional). Two longitudinal samples of 432 second-graders and 366 fourth graders participated in a longitudinal study with subsequent measurements taken 1, 2, and 3 years later. A third sample consisting of 849 children covering the same range of grades participated in a cross-sectional study. The results show that the development of internalizing symptoms in girls – but not in boys – varies systematically with the research design. In girls, there is a decrease of internalizing symptoms (especially between the first two timepoints) in the longitudinal assessment, which may reflect, for example, the influence of strain during the first testing situation. Both longitudinal trajectories converge to a common trajectory from grade 2 to grade 7 when controlling for this “novelty-distress effect.” Moreover, when we control this effect, the slight but significant decrease characterizing the common trajectory becomes similar to the one obtained in the cross-sectional study. Therefore, trajectories based on longitudinal assessments may suggest more changes with regard to internalizing symptoms over time than actually take place, while trajectories based on cross-sectional data may be characterized by an increased level of internalizing symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

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