scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjuan Long ◽  
Zhenming Fu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Zhihua Nie
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Undifferentiated Type ◽  
Never Smokers

ObjectiveThe role of cigarette smoking as an independent risk factor for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is controversial. We attempted to provide evidence of a reliable association between cigarette smoking and the risk of NPC.DesignMeta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed online and the Cochrane Library of relevant studies published up to February 2016.Eligibility criteriaAll studies had to evaluate the relationship between NPC and cigarette smoking with never smokers as the reference group.OutcomesThe primary outcome was the adjusted OR, RR or HR of NPC patients comparing smoking with never-smoking; the second was the crude OR, RR or HR.ResultsWe identified 17 case–control studies and 4 cohort studies including 5960 NPC cases and 429 464 subjects. Compared with never smokers, current smokers and ever smokers had a 59% and a 56% greater risk of NPC, respectively. A dose–response relationship was identified in that the risk estimate rose by 15% (p<0.001) with every additional 10 pack-years of smoking, and risk increased with intensity of cigarette smoking (>30 cigarettes per day). Significantly increased risk was only found among male smokers (OR, 1.36; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.60), not among female smokers (OR, 1.58; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.53). Significantly increased risk also existed in the differentiated (OR, 2.34; 95% CI 1.77 to 3.09) and the undifferentiated type of NPC (OR, 1.15; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.46). Moreover, people who started smoking at younger age (<18 years) had a greater risk than those starting later for developing NPC (OR, 1.78; 95% CI 1.41 to 2.25).ConclusionsCigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of NPC, especially for young smokers. However, we did not find statistical significant risks of NPC in women and in undifferentiated type, which might warrant further researches.

scholarly journals The association of MTHFR C677T variant with increased risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly population: a meta-analysis of observational studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilin Chang ◽  
Zheng Kuai ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
Jiayu Wu ◽  
Kan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background C677T point mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene have been found to be associated with ischemic stroke in general population, while the results seem inconsistent. We aim to assess the association between variant MTHFR C677T variant and increased risk of ischemic stroke and focus on the elderly population. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with the two-tailed 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using a random effects model to evaluate any possible association. Among the Chinese and non-Chinese populations, we conducted a subgroup analysis. Results The electronic database search yielded 1,358 citations as of December 2017; finally, nine case-control studies involving 3,337 subjects fulfilled our eligibility criteria for inclusion in the study. The pooled results showed that MTHFR C677T variant increased the risk of ischemic stroke (OR = 1.23, 95%CI 1.06–1.43, P = 0.0067 for CT + TT vs. CC; OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.01–1.38, P = 0.0333 for CT vs. CC; OR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.14–1.75, P = 0.0016 for TT vs. CC; OR = 1.27, 95%CI 1.05–1.54, P = 0.0145 for TT vs. CC + CT; OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.06–1.31, P = 0.0023 for T-allele vs. C-allele). Further subgroup analyses in the Chinese population indicated that MTHFR C677T variant was associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke. Conclusion Our findings showed that T-allele increases risk for stroke in the pooled sample. This association was statistically significant in the Chinese cohorts and showed a similar trend in the non-Chinese cohorts. (Word count: 237).

scholarly journals Association of dyslipidemia with the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Yilong Pan ◽  
Yuyao Yin ◽  
Wenhao Chen ◽  
Xiaodong Li
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Language Restriction ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Abstract Background The numbers of confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 related deaths are still increasing, so it is very important to determine the risk factors of COVID-19. Dyslipidemia is a common complication in patients with COVID-19, but the association of dyslipidemia with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 is still unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the potential association of dyslipidemia with the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases for all relevant studies up to August 24, 2020. All the articles published were retrieved without language restriction. All analysis was performed using Stata 13.1 software and Mantel–Haenszel formula with fixed effects models was used to compare the differences between studies. The Newcastle Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Results Twenty-eight studies involving 12,995 COVID-19 patients were included in the meta-analysis, which was consisted of 26 cohort studies and 2 case–control studies. Dyslipidemia was associated with the severity of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.44, P = 0.038, I2 = 39.8%). Further, patients with dyslipidemia had a 2.13-fold increased risk of death compared to patients without dyslipidemia (95% CI 1.84–2.47, P = 0.001, I2 = 66.4%). Conclusions The results proved that dyslipidemia is associated with increased severity and mortality of COVID-19. Therefore, we should monitor blood lipids and administer active treatments in COVID-19 patients with dyslipidemia to reduce the severity and mortality.

scholarly journals Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies, 2009–2020

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5654
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Barańska ◽  
Agata Błaszczuk ◽  
Wiesław Kanadys ◽  
Maria Malm ◽  
Katarzyna Drop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

To perform a meta-analysis of case-control studies that addressed the association between oral contraceptive pills (OC) use and breast cancer (BrCa), PubMED (MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify case-control studies of OC and BrCa published between 2009 and 2020. We used the DerSimonian–Laird method to compute pooled odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs), and the Mantel–Haenszel test to assess the association between OC use and cancer. Forty-two studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria and we included a total of 110,580 women (30,778 into the BrCa group and 79,802 into the control group, of which 15,722 and 38,334 were using OC, respectively). The conducted meta-analysis showed that the use of OC was associated with a significantly increased risk of BrCa in general, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.31, p = 0.0358. Regarding other risk factors for BrCa, we found that increased risk was associated significantly with early menarche, nulliparous, non-breastfeeding, older age at first parity, postmenopause, obesity, smoking, and family history of BrCa. Despite our conclusion that birth control pills increase the cancer risk being supported by extensive previous studies and meta-analyzes, further confirmation is required.

scholarly journals Incidence and trend of preterm birth in China, 1990–2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e039303
Author(s):  
Shiwen Jing ◽  
Chang Chen ◽  
Yuexin Gan ◽  
Joshua Vogel ◽  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Preterm Birth Rate

ObjectivesTo update the WHO estimate of preterm birth rate in China in 1990–2016 and to further explore variations by geographic regions and years of occurrence.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Sinomed databases were searched from 1990 to 2018.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they provided preterm birth data with at least 500 total births. Reviews, case–control studies, intervention studies and studies with insufficient information or published before 1990 were excluded. We estimated pooled incidence of preterm birth by a random effects model, and preterm birth rate in different year, region and by livebirths or all births in subgroup analyses.ResultsOur search identified 3945 records. After the removal of duplicates and screening of titles and abstracts, we reviewed 254 studies in full text and excluded 182, leaving 72 new studies. They were combined with the 82 studies included in the WHO report (154 studies, 187 data sets in total for the meta-analysis), including 24 039 084 births from 1990 to 2016. The pooled incidence of preterm birth in China was 6.09% (95% CI 5.86% to 6.31%) but has been steadily increasing from 5.36% (95% CI 4.89% to 5.84%) in 1990–1994 to 7.04% (95% CI 6.09% to 7.99%) in 2015–2016. The annual rate of increase was about 1.05% (95% CI 0.85% to 1.21%). Northwest China appeared to have the highest preterm birth rate (7.3%, 95% CI 4.92% to 9.68% from 1990 to 2016).ConclusionsThe incidence of preterm birth in China has been rising gradually in the past three decades. It was 7% in 2016. Preterm birth rate varied by region with the West having the highest occurrence.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of potential risks of low levels of protein Z for diseases related to vascular thrombosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (04) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cesari ◽  
Rosanna Abbate ◽  
Franco Gensini ◽  
George Broze ◽  
Sandra Fedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Protein Z ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
Thrombotic Diseases

SummaryThe relationship between protein Z levels and thrombosis is controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available studies to assess the association between protein Z and vascular thrombotic diseases. We conducted an electronic literature search through MedLine, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, bibliographies of retrieved articles and abstracts of congresses up to October, 2009. Studies were included if they analysed protein Z levels in patients with vascular thrombotic diseases. After the review process, 28 case-control studies (33 patient cohorts), including 4,218 patients with thrombotic diseases and 4,778 controls, were selected for analysis. The overall analysis using a random-effects model showed that low protein Z levels were associated with an increased risk of thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05–4.12; p<0.00001). On subgroup analysis, a significant association was found between low protein Z levels and arterial vascular diseases (OR 2.67, 95%CI 1.60–4.48; p=0.0002), pregnancy complications (OR 4.17, 95%CI 2.31–7.52; p<0.00001), and venous thromboembolic diseases (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.19–4.00; p=0.01). The results of this meta-analysis are consistent with a role for protein Z deficiency in thrombotic diseases, including arterial thrombosis, pregnancy complications and venous thromboembolism.

scholarly journals TLR9 Rs352140 polymorphism contributes to a decreased risk of bacterial meningitis: evidence from a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyi Xue ◽  
Huan Peng ◽  
Jiaoming Li ◽  
Mingming Li ◽  
Song Lu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract Some studies have suggested that the Toll-like receptor 9 polymorphism (TLR9 rs352140) is closely related to the risk of bacterial meningitis (BM), but this is subject to controversy. This study set out to estimate whether the TLR9 rs352140 polymorphism confers an increased risk of BM. Relevant literature databases were searched including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to August 2020. Seven case-control studies from four publications were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to estimate associations between BM risk and the target polymorphism. Significant associations identified were allele contrast (A vs. G: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.59–0.75, P = 0.000), homozygote comparison (AA vs. AG/GG: OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49–0.78, P = 0.000), heterozygote comparison (A vs. G: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.61–0.91, P = 0.005), recessive genetic model (AA vs. AG/GG: OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.93, P = 0.006) and dominant genetic model (AA vs. AG/GG: OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.85, P = 0.000). The findings indicate that, in contrast to some studies, the TLR9 rs352140 polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk for BM.

scholarly journals Cannabis Smoking And Risk Of Lung Cancer - A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Bouti ◽  
Rajae Borki ◽  
Hicham Fenane ◽  
Laila Harrak
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cannabis Smoking

Background: Cannabis is the illicit psychoactive substance the most consumed in the world. Little is known about the association between the use of cannabis and the risk of lung cancer. Objective:The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine whether use of cannabis is a risk factor for lung cancer. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of all languages articles using relevant computerised databases. MEDLINE (online PubMed), Web of knowledge, Embase, EBSCO CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Directory of Open Access Journals were searched to September 2014 for cohorts and case-control studies that assessed the risk of lung cancer associated with cannabis smoking. The literature search was performed with a combination of medical subject headings terms, "cannabis" and "lung neoplasms". Data extraction: Two investigators independently analysed and extracted results from eligible studies. Our study's registration number on PROSPERO is CRD42014008872. Results: The search strategy identified 2476 citations. 13 studies were eligible for inclusion: 2 pooled analysis of 9 case-control studies, one case-control study and 3 cohorts. The cumulative analysis for all the studies under a fixed-effects model showed that cannabis smoking determined an increased risk of developing lung cancer in the future (relative risk 1.22, 95% confidence interval 0.999–1.5; p=0.051), with no evidence of heterogeneity across the studies (I2: 34%; p¼0.01). Conclusions: The use of cannabis with or without tobacco smoking is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer

scholarly journals Prospective association between use of electronic cigarettes and use of conventional cigarettes - a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 00976-2020
Author(s):  
Louise Adermark ◽  
Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽  
Charlotta Ryk ◽  
Hans Gilljam ◽  
Linnea Hedman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
Never Smokers

ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between e-cigarette use and subsequent initiation or recurrence of cigarette smoking.Data sourcesA systematic literature search was finalised November 11, 2019 using PubMed incl. Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed Health, NICE evidence search, PROSPERO, CRD, and PsycInfo.Study selectionStudies were included if meeting the following criteria: reporting empirical results; longitudinal observational design with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up; including general population samples; allowing for the comparison between users and non-users of e-cigarettes. Studies rated as having high risk of bias were excluded. Studies were independently assessed by at least two authors. The procedures described by PRISMA were followed, and the quality of evidence was rated using GRADE.Data synthesisThirty longitudinal studies from 22 different cohorts assessing e-cigarette use among non- or never-smokers at baseline, and subsequent use of cigarette smoking at follow-up, were included in this review. A random-effects meta-analysis based on 89 076 participants showed a pooled unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of cigarette smoking among baseline non-smokers e-cigarette users compared with non-users of 4.68 (CI 3.64–6.02), while the adjusted OR was 3.37 (CI 2.68–4.24). These results were consistent irrespective of whether the outcome was measured as ever smoking or as past 30-day smoking. The evidence was graded as moderate.ConclusionsUse of e-cigarettes may predict the initiation or recurrence of cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals COX-2 gene rs689466 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer among Caucasians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Mohammad Amzad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Case ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Strength Of Association

Abstract Background Several studies have reported the Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) rs689466 polymorphism as a susceptibility locus of colorectal cancer (CRC), but their findings are inconsistent. Thus, this meta-analysis was performed to more accurately identify the effects of this polymorphism on CRC risk. Methods Potential case-control studies on EMBASE, Google of Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched. The strength of association was quantified by pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Totally 16 articles involving 8,998 cases and 11,917 controls were included. Results None of the five tested genetic models revealed any significant association between rs689466 polymorphism and CRC risk. Stratified analysis by ethnicity uncovered a significant association between this polymorphism and higher CRC risk in Caucasians, but not in Asians. In addition, we found high expression of COX-2 was associated with better overall survival for all CRC patients. Conclusion To sum up, the COX-2 rs689466 polymorphism may be related with susceptibility to CRC in Caucasians. This finding should be verified by larger-size studies with different ethnic groups.

scholarly journals The Association Between Asthma and Risk of Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitchaporn Yingchoncharoen ◽  
Nipith Charoenngam ◽  
Ben Ponvilawan ◽  
Jerapas Thongpiya ◽  
Thanat Chaikijurajai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Independent Review

Abstract PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between asthma and risk of myasthenia gravis (MG) using the method of systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsPotentially eligible studies were identified from Medline and EMBASE databases from inception to … using search strategy that comprised of terms for “Asthma” and “Myasthenia Gravis”. Eligible cohort study must consist of one cohort of individuals with asthma and another cohort of individuals without asthma. Then, the study must report relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of incident MG between the groups. Eligible case-control studies must include cases with MG and controls without MG. Then, the study must explore their history of asthma. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs of the association between asthma status and MG must be reported. Point estimates with standard errors were retrieved from each study and were combined together using the generic inverse variance method.ResultsA total of 6,835 articles were identified. After two rounds of independent review by five investigators, two cohort studies and three case-control studies met the eligibility criteria and were included into the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis showed that asthma was significantly associated with risk of MG with the pooled risk ratio of 1.38 (95%CI, 1.02 – 1.86). Funnel plot was symmetric.ConclusionThe current study found a significant association between asthma and increased risk of MG.

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