scholarly journals Prevalence and distribution of HPV types in genital warts in Xi’an, China: a prospective study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e023897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cansheng Zhu ◽  
Yaofei Wang ◽  
Weihua Mao ◽  
Hongshan Zhang ◽  
Jiaju Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Genital Wart ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Detectable Rate ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Type Infection

ObjectivesTo characterise the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in genital warts in Xi’an, China.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Skin Disease and STD Control (SPISSC) between September 2014 and April 2017. Genital wart samples were obtained from 879 patients, including 512 men and 367 women. HPV genotyping was performed by using an automatic nucleic acid hybridisation system.ResultsOf the 879 patients with genital warts, the detectable rates of low-risk, high-risk and total HPV types were 45.4%, 34.5% and 57.8%, respectively. The detectable rate of low-risk HPV types (45.4%) was significantly higher than that of high-risk HPV types (34.5%) (χ2=21.85, p<0.01). The detectable rate of low-risk HPV types of men (52.3%) was significantly higher than that of women (35.7%) (χ2=23.90, p<0.01). The detectable rates of one HPV type infection and two and three or more HPV type coinfections were 26.1%, 17.5% and 14.2%, respectively. HPV6 (24.9%), HPV11 (17.9%), HPV52 (9.9%) and HPV16 (7.3%) were the four most common HPV types.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that low-risk HPV types are major pathogens of genital warts, but high-risk HPV type infections and multiple HPV type coinfections are also common in genital warts. HPV6, 11, 52 and 16 are the four most common HPV types in genital wart in Xi’an, China.

scholarly journals 424: Uterocervical angle does not predict spontaneous preterm birth in either a low-risk or high-risk group: A prospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. S258
Author(s):  
Courtney Olson-Chen ◽  
Kam Szlachetka ◽  
Dzhamala Gilmandyar ◽  
Erica Faske ◽  
Elizabeth Fountaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Group A ◽  
A Prospective Study

Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Epididymis and Ductus Deferens: An Evaluation by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Švec ◽  
Iva Mikyšková ◽  
Ondřej Hes ◽  
Ruth Tachezy
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Context.—Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play an important role in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The possible role of the male urogenital tract as a reservoir of HPV infection is not fully understood. We inferred from our previous observation of HPV-31 in epididymal tissue in a case of chronic epididymitis that HPV might be commonly present in cases of epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. Objective.—To assess the presence of HPV in the epididymis and ductus deferens in nontuberculous epididymitis. Design.—Epididymal samples obtained from 17 patients and epididymal and ductus deferens samples from 5 patients surgically treated for nontuberculous epididymitis were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HPV DNA. In positive samples, the HPV type was determined by DNA sequencing. Setting.—Tertiary-care academic hospital and national reference laboratory for papillomaviruses. Results.—Low-risk HPV type 6 and high-risk HPV types 16, 33, 35, 55, and 73 were detected in 7 patients (31%). Neither koilocytes nor dysplastic changes were found in the epididymis and ductus deferens. Conclusion.—Low-risk and high-risk HPV types were detected in the epididymis and ductus deferens of patients with nontuberculous epididymitis. The infection was not accompanied by koilocytic atypia or dysplasia. Our findings support the hypothesis that the male urogenital tract serves as a reservoir of HPV infection.

scholarly journals Additional Human Papillomavirus Types Detected by the Hybrid Capture Tube Test among Samples from Women with Cytological and Colposcopical Atypia

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
József Kónya ◽  
György Veress ◽  
Attila Juhász ◽  
Krisztina Szarka ◽  
Tamás Sápy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Hybrid Capture ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

ABSTRACT The type specificity of the human papillomavirus (HPV) Hybrid Capture Tube (HCT) test was evaluated by using typing with PCR (MY09-MY11)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing. All samples HCT test positive for only low-risk HPV ( n = 15) or only high-risk HPV ( n = 102) were confirmed, whereas 9 of 12 HCT test double-positive samples contained only high-risk HPV types as determined by PCR-RFLP. Several high-risk HPV types (HPV-53, -58, -62, -66, -CP8304, and -MM4) not included in the HCT test were indeed detected, indicating a broader detection range with retained distinction between low-risk and high-risk HPV types.

scholarly journals Shear Wave Elastography and Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) for the Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules—Results of a Prospective Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Manuela Petersen ◽  
Simone A. Schenke ◽  
Jonas Firla ◽  
Roland S. Croner ◽  
Michael C. Kreissl
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Risk Class ◽  
Benign Nodules ◽  
A Prospective Study

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) in combination with shear wave elastography (SWE) for the assessment of thyroid nodules. Methods: A prospective study was conducted with the following inclusion criteria: preoperative B-mode ultrasound (US) including TIRADS classification (Kwak-TIRADS, EU-TIRADS), quantitative SWE and available histological results. Results: Out of 43 patients, 61 thyroid nodules were detected; 10 nodules were found to be thyroid cancer (7 PTC, 1 FTC, 2 HüCC) and 51 were benign. According to Kwak-TIRADS the majority of benign nodules (47 out of 51, 92.2%) were classified in the low-risk- and intermediate-risk class, four nodules were classified as high-risk (7.8%). When using EU-TIRADS, the benign nodules were distributed almost equally across all risk classes, 21 (41.2%) nodules were classified in the low-risk class, 16 (31.4%) in the intermediate-risk class and 14 (27.4%) in the high-risk class. In contrast, most of the malignant nodules (eight out of ten) were classified as high-risk on EU-TIRADS. One carcinoma was classified as low-risk and one as intermediate-risk nodule. For SWE, ROC analysis showed an optimal cutoff of 18.5 kPa to distinguish malignant and benign nodules (sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 49.0%, PPV 23.5% and NPV 92.6%). The addition of elastography resulted in an increase of accuracy from 65.6% to 82.0% when using Kwak-TIRADS and from 49.2% to 72.1% when using EU-TIRADS. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the combination of TIRADS and SWE seems to be superior for the risk stratification of thyroid nodules than each method by itself. However, verification of these results in a larger patient population is mandatory.

scholarly journals Nucleo-cytoplasmic Shuttling of High Risk Human Papillomavirus E2 Proteins Induces Apoptosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 280 (43) ◽  
pp. 36088-36098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Blachon ◽  
Sophie Bellanger ◽  
Caroline Demeret ◽  
Françoise Thierry
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Genome Integration ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Transcription And Replication

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E2 proteins are the major viral regulators of transcription and replication during the viral life cycle. In addition to these conserved functions, we show that E2 proteins from high risk HPV types 16 and 18, which are associated with cervical cancer, can induce apoptosis. In contrast, E2 proteins from low risk HPV types 6 and 11, which are associated with benign lesions, do not cause cell death. We show that the ability to induce apoptosis is linked to the intracellular localization of the respective E2 proteins rather than to inherent properties of the proteins. Although low risk HPV E2 proteins remain strictly nuclear, high risk HPV E2 proteins are present in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of expressing cells due to exportin-1 receptor (CRM1)-dependent nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. Induction of apoptosis is caused by accumulation of E2 in the cytoplasm and involves caspase 8 activation. We speculate that disruption of the E2 gene during viral genome integration in cervical carcinoma provides a means to avoid E2-induced apoptosis and allow initiation of carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Cellular Changes Induced by Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus Type 11 in Keratinocytes That Stably Maintain Viral Episomes

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (16) ◽  
pp. 7564-7571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Thomas ◽  
Stephen T. Oh ◽  
Scott S. Terhune ◽  
Laimonis A. Laimins
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Transfected Cells ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

ABSTRACT Infections by low-risk papillomavirus types, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 (HPV-6) and HPV-11, induce benign genital warts that rarely progress to malignancy. In contrast, lesions induced by high-risk HPV types have the potential to progress to cancer. Considerable information is available concerning the pathogenesis of high-risk HPV types, but little is known about the life cycle of low-risk HPV types. Although functionally distinct, both high- and low-risk virus types infect keratinocytes and induce virion production upon differentiation. This information suggests that they may share common mechanisms for regulating their productive life cycles. Using tissue culture methods developed to study high-risk HPV types, we examined the ability of HPV-11 to be stably maintained as episomes following transfection of normal human keratinocytes with cloned viral DNA. HPV-11 genomes were found to be maintained in keratinocytes for extended passages in cultures in 14 independent experiments involving transfection of cloned HPV-11 DNA. Interestingly, the HPV-11-positive cells exhibited an extended life span that averaged approximately twofold longer than that of control neomycin-transfected cells. In organotypic cultures, HPV-11-positive cells exhibited altered differentiation patterns, but the extent of disruption was less severe than that seen with high-risk HPV types. In addition, the amplification of HPV-11 DNA, as well as the induction of several viral messages, was observed following differentiation of transfected cells in semisolid media. To determine whether global changes in cellular gene expression induced by HPV-11 were similar to those observed with high-risk HPV-31 (Y. E. Chang and L. A. Laimins, J. Virol. 74:4174–4182, 2000), microarray analysis of 7,075 expressed sequences was performed. A spectrum of cellular genes different from that previously reported for HPV-31 was found to be activated or repressed by HPV-11. The expression of only a small set of genes was similarly altered by both high- and low-risk HPV types. This result suggests that different classes of HPVs have distinct effects on global cellular transcription patterns during infection. The methods described allow for a genetic analysis of HPV-11 in the context of its differentiation-dependent life cycle.

scholarly journals Detection of high and low-risk HPV DNA in archived breast carcinoma tissues from Ethiopian women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endale Hadgu Gebregzabher ◽  
Daniel Seifu ◽  
Wondemagegnhu Tigneh ◽  
Yonas Bokretsion ◽  
Abebe Bekele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Cell Cycle Protein ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background: HPV have been implicated in the development of cancer of the cervix, mouth and throat, anus, penis, vulva, or vagina, but it has not been much considered as a cause of breast cancer. However, a growing number of investigations have linked breast cancer to viral infections. High-risk HPV types, predominantly (HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -39, -45, -51, -52, -56, -58, and -59) are established as carcinogens in humans, while HPV-68 is probably carcinogenic. In this study we aimed to detect 19 high risk and 9 low risk HPVs from archived breast tumor tissue among Ethiopian women.Methods: In this study, 75 breast cancer patients from Tikur Anbassa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) were included. HPV detection and genotyping were done using the novel Anyplex™ II HPV-28 Detection Assay at the Orebro University Hospital, Sweden. The AnyplexTMII PCR System detects 19 high-risk HPV types (16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 69, 73, 82) and 9 low-risk HPV types(6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70). IHC for p16 was done in automated system using the Dako Autostainer Link.Results: Out of the 75 valid tests 2 were found to be positive (2.7%) for HPV. One of the cases were positive for high risk HPV16 genotype while the other were positive both for high risk HPV39 and low risk HPV6. The cell cycle protein p16 was highly expressed in the case positive for the high risk HPV16 but it was not expressed in the case positive for HPV39.Conclusion: With limited number of cases positive for HPV in this study, it is our conclusion that cervical cancer prevention strategies may help protection of breast cancer only in small groups of patients. Due to limitation of the number of participants in the study as well as possible other mechanisms of carcinogenesis, our observation should be reconfirmed using a larger set of patients and in case-control design.

scholarly journals HPV Vaccination: Prevention of Cervical Cancer in Serbia and in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Holger Stark ◽  
Aleksandra Živković
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Protection Efficacy ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Summary The identification of the high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) as a cause of cervical cancer offered the possibility for the development of a HPV vaccine. Twenty years after this identification of the HPV types, the first HPV vaccine came to the market. There are three HPV vaccines today on the market, all containing the virus-like particles (VLPs) of the HPV types 16 and 18, which are considered to cause 77 % of all cancers caused by HPVs. In addition, two of the vaccines contain two low-risk HPV types (6 and 11)-quadrivalent or the same as low-risk types and additional high-risk HPV types (31, 32, 45, 52, 58)-nonavalent vaccines. The cervical cancer protection efficacy of the vaccines is very high, around 100%. The VLPs of the 6- and 11-type offer efficient protection against genital warts. Unfortunately, the implementation of the vaccination is actually not so high despite all scientific and medical facts, but their rates in Europe are steadily increasing reaching about 90% in one country after another. In Serbia, all of the three vaccines are on the market but are highly underused. Actually, there is no national program and the Serbian vaccination rates are very low. High vaccination rates in Serbia need to be achieved as a goal of prevention of cervical cancer.

Assessment of human papilloma virus in non-small cell lung cancer in never-smokers: A study from a prospective registry of never-smokers.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18126-e18126
Author(s):  
Tomoya Kawaguchi ◽  
Shigeki Shimizu ◽  
Norimasa Itoh ◽  
Akihito Kubo ◽  
Shunichi Isa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Kras Mutations ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
High Risk Hpv

e18126 Background: Driver mutations have been identified in most non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) from never-smokers. However, a small percentage of the tumors still have no its mutations detected. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been hypothesized to contribute to lung carcinogenesis in East Asia. Methods: We started a prospective registry of never-smokers with NSCLC at the Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center, Japan, in 2008. We consecutively enrolled all the never-smokers after obtaining written informed consent. Among these, we selected the 114 patients treated with surgery to obtain a large amount of DNA. After exclusion of samples with suboptimal quality, DNA was extracted from 93 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical tissues. HPV genotyping was performed using a PCR-based microarray system for detecting 23 HPV types, including high-risk (HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68) and low-risk or risk-unknown types (HPV types 6, 11, 30, 34, 40, 42, 53, 54, 61, and 66). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS mutations were examined with real time PCR (genotyping), and EML4-ALK rearrangements were detected using immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in-situ hybridization. Results: There were 80 female (86.0%) and 13 male patients (14.0%), with a median age of 67 years (range 29-83). Almost all cases were of the adenocarcinoma histological subtype (92.5%). Molecular analysis of these 93 patients detected 59 EGFR mutations (63.4%), 5 K-ras mutations ( 5.4% ) and 4 EML4-ALK rearrangements (4.3%). These abnormalities were mutually exclusive except for one case who had both EGFR and KRAS mutations. HPV 6 was detected in only one case (1.1%), a 49-year-old female who had an EGFR mutation with wild type KRAS and ALK. No others examined were positive for any HPV type. Conclusions: The three driver mutations accounted for 72.0% of NSCLC in never-smokers. Although a low-risk HPV type was evident in one case, no high-risk HPV types were detected in the tumors with or without the mutations. Our results suggest that HPV does not play a major role as the driving oncogenic event in adenocarcinoma in never-smokers in Osaka, the central area of Japan.

scholarly journals Correlation of the ALA-PDT Treatment Efficacy and the HPV Genotype Profile of Genital Warts after Cryotherapy Failure and Podophyllotoxin Therapy in Male Patients

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Witold Owczarek ◽  
Monika Slowinska ◽  
Irena Walecka ◽  
Magdalena Ciazynska ◽  
Dorota Nowicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Background: Genital warts are the manifestation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which may last for weeks or months before the clinical presentation. The primary aim of the study was the correlation of the DNA HPV genotypes eradication with the treatment response in male patients with persistent genital warts. Methods: Twenty-one male patients (age range: 22–58) after failure of cryotherapy and podophyllotoxin treatment were enrolled in the study. Genetic tests (Real Time - PCR method) analyzed the presence of DNA-HPV before and 6 months after four sessions (4 weeks apart) of photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA-PDT). The treatment efficacy was evaluated before each PDT session and at the end of the study. Results: The single HPV DNA type was present in 15/21 of the patients (13/15 HPV6). The high-risk HPV types were found in 8/21 subjects, of which 6/8 had several types. Six months after four sessions of PDT, complete response was found in 16/21 (76.19%; p = 0.0007) of patients, and DNA HPV clearance was found in 66.67% (p = 0.03). The eradication rate differed among patients with primary low-risk and high-risk HPV types—76.92% (10/13; p = 0.0003) and 50% (4/8; p = 0.05) respectively. Conclusion: ALA-PDT is an effective treatment even after the failure of previous modalities. The persistence of clinical lesions and high oncological risk HPV types should be an indication for treatment prolongation.

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