scholarly journals Differentiating the cognitive development of early-term births in infants and toddlers: a cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e025275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hua ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Zhijuan Cao ◽  
Xiaotian Dai ◽  
Senran Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Term ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Term Births

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the cognitive development of low-risk children during early childhood for early-term births at 37 and 38 weeks of gestation compared with full term births at 39–41 weeks of gestation.Setting and participantsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, one of the largest cities in China. A total of 1444 children from singleton pregnancies born at term gestation were included in the study.MeasuresThe cognitive outcomes of the subjects were measured using the cognitive subtest of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) across three cities in China. We analysed the association between gestational age and cognitive development during infancy and toddler stages using multivariate linear modelling.ResultsThe cognitive development scores for infants born at 37 gestational weeks were significantly lower than those born at 39–41 gestational weeks (β=−2.257, 95% CI −4.280 to −0.235; p<0.05) after adjusting for children’s and maternal characteristics, as well as socio-economic factors. However, there were no significant differences in cognitive ability between infants born at 38 gestational weeks compared with their full-term counterparts (p>0.05). Moreover, these effects were not found in toddlers (between 17 and 48 months of age) after adjusting for the possible confounders (p>0.05).ConclusionsInfants born at 37 weeks of gestation exhibited weaker cognitive ability compared with those born at 39–41 weeks of gestation. Our findings provide evidences for the close monitoring of potential developmental problems in early-term children, especially those born at 37 gestational weeks.

scholarly journals Caesarean sections and the prevalence of preterm and early-term births in Brazil: secondary analyses of national birth registration

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e021538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando C Barros ◽  
Dacio de Lyra Rabello Neto ◽  
Jose Villar ◽  
Stephen H Kennedy ◽  
Mariangela F Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
National Database ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Term ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Term Births ◽  
Years Of Schooling

ObjectivesTo investigate whether the high rates of caesarean sections (CSs) in Brazil have impacted on the prevalence of preterm and early-term births.DesignIndividual-level, cross-sectional analyses of a national database.SettingAll hospital births occurring in the country in 2015.Participants2 903 716 hospital-delivered singletons in 3157 municipalities, representing >96% of the country’s births.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCS rates and gestational age distribution (<37, 37–38, 39–41 and 42 or more weeks’ gestation). Outcomes were analysed according to maternal education, measured in years of schooling and municipal CS rates. Analyses were also adjusted for maternal age, marital status and parity.ResultsPrevalence of CS was 55.5%, preterm prevalence (<37 weeks’ gestation) was 10.1% and early-term births (37–38 weeks of gestation) represented 29.8% of all births, ranging from 24.9% among women with <4 years of schooling to 39.8% among those with >12 years of education. The adjusted prevalence ratios of preterm and early-term birth were, respectively, 1.215 (1.174–1.257) and 1.643 (1.616–1.671) higher in municipalities with≥80% CS compared with those <30%.ConclusionsBrazil faces three inter-related epidemics: a CS epidemic; an epidemic of early-term births, associated with the high CS rates; and an epidemic of preterm birth, also associated with CS but mostly linked to poverty-related risk factors. The high rates of preterm and early-term births produce an excess of newborns at higher risk of short-term morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term developmental problems. Compared with high-income countries, there is an annual excess of 354 000 preterm and early-term births in Brazil.

scholarly journals Adverse Reactions to Antituberculosis Drugs in Iranian Tuberculosis Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliasghar Farazi ◽  
Masoomeh Sofian ◽  
Mansoureh Jabbariasl ◽  
Sara Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Antituberculosis Therapy

Background. Antituberculosis multidrug regimens have been associated with increased incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of ADRs due to antituberculosis therapy.Methods. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study on tuberculosis patients who were treated in tuberculosis clinics in Markazi province in Iran. The information contained in the medical files was extracted and entered into the questionnaire. Data was descriptively analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 18).Results. A total of 940 TB patients of 1240 patients’ medical records available in 10 medical offices were included in this study. Of the 563 ADRs found in this study, 82.4% were considered minor reactions and 17.6% were major reactions. No death from antituberculosis ADR was observed. We found that the risk of major ADRs was higher in females (P  value=0.0241), age >50 y (P  value=0.0223), coinfection with HIV (P  value=0.0323), smoking (P  value=0.002), retreatment TB (P  value=0.0203), and comorbidities (P  value=0.0005).Conclusions. This study showed that severe side effects of anti-TB drugs are common in patients who have risk factors of ADRs and they should be followed up by close monitoring.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of opioid involvement in non-poisoning suicide – risks and prevention opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryann Mason ◽  
Suzanne McLone ◽  
Tami Bartell ◽  
Sarah Welch ◽  
Karen Sheehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The current opioid epidemic has drawn attention to drug overdose deaths including unintentional and suicide poisoning deaths which peaked in the United States in 2017. Concurrent with the opioid epidemic, the number and rate of suicides in the United States has increased. At the same time, the proportion of suicide deaths across cause of death has shifted and the proportion of suicides by poisoning (including overdose) has decreased. On the face of it, it would appear that the opioid epidemic has not intersected with suicide as signaled by the decline in suicide deaths due to poisoning. However, opioid use and misuse is associated with suicidal ideation and attempts and therefore it is plausible that opioids may play a role in suicide deaths by causes other than poisoning. Objective This study examines opioid involvement (as measured by the presence of opioids but below the lethality threshold) in suicides by causes other than poisoning, Methods A cross-sectional study utilizing Illinois National Violent Death Reporting System data including all suicides toxicology screened for opioids. Chi-square tests were used to compare decedent and incident circumstance characteristics by opioid toxicology screen status. Results Of 1007 non-poisoning suicides screened for opioids, 83.6% (842) were opioid negative and 16.4% (165) were opioid positive. Over half (52.7%) of decedents positive for opioids died by firearm. White race, age 75 and over, and widowed or unknown marital status were associated with opioid positivity. Opioid positivity is linked to testing positive for other substances. One quarter of decedents testing positive for opioids had a history of substance abuse. Twenty eight percent of opioid positive decedents suffered from physical health problems. Conclusion Suicide decedents who are opioid positive and who die from causes other than poisoning have distinct characteristics which suggest an array of suicide prevention efforts – for example -- including information on risk of suicide for opiate users in firearm sales, including suicide prevention counseling in health care settings in which opiates and/or benzodiazepines are therapeutically prescribed, and close monitoring of pain symptoms among patients experiencing chronic pain. ​

scholarly journals Early-term birth and its association with universal two-child policy: a national cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e054959
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Gareth J Williams ◽  
Guanghua Wang ◽  
Jingjing Chen ◽  
Mengyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
National Level ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Early Term ◽  
Child Policy

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of early-term birth (ETB) at the national level in China, and explore the association and mediating factors between ETB and policy between universal two-child policy and ETB, so as to explain the potential reason for such a relationship and provide evidence for future ETB interventions in the era of the new birth control policy.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsThe cross-sectional study used data from China Labour and Delivery Survey between 2015 and 2016. A total of 75 132 survey data collected from 89 hospitals in 25 provinces were included in the analysis. We further explored the association between the universal two-child policy and ETB.ResultsThe weighted incidence of ETB was 30.1 per 100 all births (95% CI 30.06% to 30.14%) or 29.88 per 100 live births (95% CI 29.97% to 30.05%) between 2015 and 2016 in China. There was an association between the universal two-child policy and ETB (relative risk, RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.23), which was not mediated by maternal age (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.22), previous uterine scars (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.22), parity (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.24) and other measured conditions (each p<0.05). Stratified analysis showed that the association between universal two-child policy and ETB were the strongest in multiparous young women or women without previous uterine scars (each p<0.05), and disappeared in all women of advanced maternal age (each p>0.05).ConclusionThe incidence of ETB was high in China when compared with most of reported countries, and there might be a link between two-child policy and ETB. Obstetric practice such as selective induced labour and caesarean section should be revised with ETB risks in mind, when ETB is more likely to happen under the universal two-child policy. Preventing ETB should not be neglected in multiparous young women or those without previous uterine scars under the new policy.

HOW TO DEFINE A CHILD UNDER 5 AS A PICKY EATER?

2017 ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Thi Bach Yen Hoang ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Picky Eating ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Infants And Young Children ◽  
Analyze Data ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: For most infants and young children, feeding seems to be a natural process. However, only 25% of them has normal development of all all aspects and up to 80% of children with developmental problems are reported to be concerned with feeding problems. Picky eating is one of the behaviors that children with difficulty or not to accept foods. It is relatively common among infants and children, often causing anxiety for parents and caregivers. Picky eating is often linked to nutritional problems and is also the cause that parents take their child to doctor for examination and consultation. Literature review showed that there was still no unique or gold standard for defining picky eating. This study aimed to determine the method of determining picky eater in children under 5 in Hue city. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 772 children under 5 years old and their parents or caregivers living in Hue city, Vietnam. A questionnaire was used for interviewing parents or caregivers. Picky eating was defined according to parents or caregivers’opinion and criterion of the study. 14 questions describing 3 themes of eating activities of a child was scored based on the level of difficulties, ranged from 0 to 3 points (0 for the easiest or normal and 3 for the most difficult). Three main themes included time for each meal and eating activities of the child (5 questions), number of meals, diversity and amount of food that the child consumed per day (5 questions) and emotional or behaviors of the child at mealtime (4 questions). Cronbach’s alpha was used for testing reliability of the designed scale. Using percentiles for defining cut-off point for picky eating. SPSS 20 statistics software was used to analyze data. Results: Prevalence of picky eaters based on parents or caregivers’opinion was 43.4%. The cut-off point for defining a child as picky eater (percentiles 75th) was 11. The child should be classified to be picky eater if he get 11 points and above. Using this criterion, the prevalence of picky eating should be 25.3%. Conclusions: Picky eating is common but misclassifying of parents or caregivers might higher the prevalence. Having criteria for defining picky eating and helping parents how to use it are very essential. Key words: picky eating, define, children under 5 years old

Comparison of Cognitive and Other Developmental Functions in Children With Stunting and Malnutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setyo Handryastuti ◽  
Hardiono D. Pusponegoro ◽  
Surastuti Nurdadi ◽  
Anita Chandra ◽  
Feka A. Pramita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Growth Faltering ◽  
Normal Stature

Abstract Background. Stunting is the impairment of growth and development due to malnutrition and/or chronic disease/infection. According to the Indonesia Basic National Health Survey 2013, prevalence of stunting in Indonesia reached 37.2%. Various studies have shown that impaired cognitive development may be found in children with stunting and malnutrition. This research has purpose to determine cognitive development in stunted children and malnourished children, using Bayley Scale of Infant Development III (Bayley-III). Methods. A cross-sectional study in 51 children aged 6 month to 3 year old who fullfiled the inclusion criteria at the Outpatient Clinic of Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from June 2017 until January 2018. Cognitive development was assessed using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development Third Edition (Bayley-III). Results. Twenty six children with stunting and 25 children with malnutrition without stunting with age of subjects were 11.0 month (2.0-34.0) and 16.0 month (7.0-25.6) respectively. Bayley-III percentile in cognitive scale were 12.5 (0.1-75) and 16.0 (0.1-99.9) with P (p-value)=0.55. Conclusions: Stunted children showed lower cognitive scores compared to the children with malnutrition. Although it was not significant, but it showed that Bayley-III scores group of stunting and malnutrition groups of children with normal stature far below the 50 percentile (P50). This showed that both children with stunting and malnutrition possible to have decreased cognitive function. Further research is needed with a larger sample to get comprehensive conclusions. Early detection and intervention also should be aimed at children who are experienced growth faltering to prevent developmental problems, especially cognitive function.

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