scholarly journals Association between excessive premature atrial complexes and cryptogenic stroke: results of a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jithin K Sajeev ◽  
Anoop N Koshy ◽  
Helen Dewey ◽  
Jonathan M Kalman ◽  
Kevin Rajakariar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveRecent anticoagulation trials in all-comer cryptogenic stroke patients have yielded equivocal results, reinvigorating the focus on identifying reproducible markers of an atrial myopathy. We investigated the role of excessive premature atrial complexes (PACs) in ischaemic stroke, including cryptogenic stroke and its association with vascular risk factors.Methods and resultsA case–control study was conducted utilising a multicentre institutional stroke database to compare 461 patients with an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) with a control group consisting of age matched patients without prior history of ischaemic stroke/TIA. All patients underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring during the study period and atrial fibrillation was excluded. An excessive PAC burden, defined as ≥200 PACs/24 hours, was present in 25.6% and 14.7% (p<0.01), of stroke/TIA and control patients, respectively. On multivariate regression, excessive PACs (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.02; p<0.01), smoking (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.36; p<0.05) and hypertension (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.17; p<0.05) were independently associated with ischaemic stroke/TIA. Excessive PACs remained the strongest independent risk factor for the cryptogenic stroke subtype (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.28; p<0.05). Vascular risk factors that promote atrial remodelling, increasing age (≥75 years, OR 3.64; 95% CI 2.08 to 6.36; p<0.01) and hypertension (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.34; p<0.05) were independently associated with excessive PACs.ConclusionsExcessive PACs are independently associated with cryptogenic stroke and may be a reproducible marker of atrial myopathy. Prospective studies assessing their utility in guiding stroke prevention strategies may be warranted.

scholarly journals Acute Ischemic Stroke on Cancer Patients, a Distinct Etiology? A Case-Control Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carrilho Romeiro ◽  
Anabela Valadas ◽  
José Marques
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Active Cancer

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> It is still unclear whether the etiology of ischemic stroke differs between cancer and non-cancer patients. Stroke and cancer share common modifiable risk factors but evidence suggests that cancer patients have specific conditions that increase the risk of stroke. Our goal was to compare the etiology of ischemic stroke in cancer and non-cancer patients.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Case-control study conducted in patients admitted to a stroke unit between January 2007 and December 2012. Cases had a concomitant diagnosis of cancer and acute ischemic stroke, controls of only stroke. Age, gender, vascular risk factors and etiology were compared between groups.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Fifty-six cases were identified; 64.3% were men with a mean age of 71 years; 21 patients had evidence of active cancer. Gastrointestinal cancer (25.9%) was the most common; 151 controls were included matched for gender and age. Common modifiable vascular risk factors, between groups (cases versus controls) were not significantly different, except for diabetes mellitus, more frequent in the control group (16.1% vs 33.8%, p = 0.02). Previous thrombotic events were more frequent in the cancer cohort (8.9% vs 0.7%, p = 0.007). Other determined etiology subtype (TOAST classification) was more frequent in cancer patients when compared to controls (13.0% vs 0.8%, p &lt; 0.01), and a hypercoagulable state was significantly more prevalent in active cancer patients.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> In our case-control study two subsets of cancer patients were delineated. In a subgroup, cancer and stroke co-exist, sharing traditional vascular risk factors. In another subset of patients, stroke appears to be directly related to the presence of a malignancy, where hypercoagulopathy turns out to be a decisive mechanism.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In clinical grounds, hypercoagulopathy as stroke etiology should prompt the physician to screen the patient for occult cancer.</p>

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽  
Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽  
Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

scholarly journals Familial, Social and Environmental Risk Factors in Autism: A Case-Control Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jahan ◽  
SZR Rezina Parvin ◽  
D Bugum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Delay Group ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autism Group ◽  
Control Study

This case-control study was done to identify the correlation between the familial, social and environmental risk factors and autism. This hospital and specialized centre based study done from January 2002 to November, 2004. Thirty two children from the autism group and 14 children from the control group were enrolled. Mean age were 3.75 yrs. and 2.83 yrs. respectively. Significant proportion of children were in the highest birth orders, 68.8% in autism and 78.6% in the control group. Full term children were 96.9% and 92.9% respectively. 53.1% children in the autism and 57.1% in the normal speech delay group were born by cesarean sections. Higher education of parents in autism group was statistically significant (p<0.05). Too much watching TV, inadequate opportunity to mix with peers and inadequate interactive relationship with the family members in the early childhood were significantly (p= 0.001) related to the development of autism.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (3): 113-117

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Fetus dan Tali Pusat terhadap Risiko Asphyxia Perinatal di Surakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Siti Lestari ◽  
Dyah Dwi Astuti ◽  
Fachriza Malika Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fetal Position ◽  
Control Study

Asfiksia perinatal merujuk pada kekurangan oksigen selama persalinan, sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan kematian dan kecacatan. WHO memperkirakan  4 juta anak terlahir dengan asfiksia setiap tahun, dimana 1 juta di antaranya meninggal dan 1 juta anak bertahan hidup dengan gejala sisa neurologis yang parah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko fetal dan tali pusat pada asfiksia neonatal.Penelitian dilakukan di lakukan di RS Dr Moewardi Surakarta dengan pendekatan  quantitative retrospective case control study. Data diambil dari rekam medis antara  tahun 2013-2018. Penelitan ini melibatkan  264 neonatal yang terdiri dari 88 kelompok kasus dan 176  kelompok control. Kelompok kasus adalah bayi dengan diagnosa  asfiksia yang  dilakukan analisis terhadap faktor risiko fetal, sedangkan bayi yang tidak mengalami asfiksia dijadikan  kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis statistik uji Chi-Square dan Fisher Exact ditemukan bahwa  kelahiran prematur (OR 2,07 CI 95% P 0,02), persalinan dengan tindakan (OR 3,61 CI 95% P 0,00), berat bayi (OR 2,85 CI 95% P 0,00), posisi janin (OR 2,37 CI 95% P 0,05), tali pusat ( QR 3,071 CI 95%  P 0,01)  berisiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal. Air ketuban yang bercampur meconium (OR 1,51 CI 95% P 0,16) tidak memiliki risiko  dengan Asfiksia perinatal. Kesimpulan: Risiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal  meliputi kelahiran prematur, persalinan dengan tindakan, berat bayi, posisi janin,  dan tali pusat.Perinatal asphyxia refers to a lack of oxygen during labor, which has the potential to cause death and disability. WHO estimates  4 million children born with asphyxia each year, in  which 1 million dies and 1 million survive with severe neurological sequelae. This study aims to analyze fetal and umbilical risk factors in neonatal asphyxia.This research is a quantitative retrospective case-control study, which was conducted at The Dr. Moewardi  hospital,  Surakarta. Data was taken from  medical records from 2013-2018. The case group was patients diagnosed  asphyxia, while those who did not experience asphyxia were treated as a control group.  A total of 264  samples, consisting of 88 case group respondents and 176 control group respondents. Statistical analysis Chi- Square and Fisher Exact found that preterm birth (OR 2.07 CI 95% P 0.02), labor with instrument or complication (OR 3.61 CI 95% P 0.00), infant weight (OR 2.85 CI 95% P 0, 00), fetal position (OR 2.37 CI 95% P 0.05), umbilical cord (QR 3.071 CI 95% P 0.01) are at risk for the incidence of perinatal Asphyxia. The amniotic fluid mixed with meconium (OR 1.51 CI 95% P 0.16) has no risk with perinatal asphyxia.The risk factors of incidences of perinatal asphyxia were  preterm birth, labor with instrument or complication, baby weight, fetal position and umbilical cord. 

scholarly journals Risk factors for post-bronchoscopy pneumonia: a case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sato ◽  
Kengo Murata ◽  
Miake Yamamoto ◽  
Tsukasa Ishiwata ◽  
Miyako Kitazono-Saitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tracheobronchial Stenosis ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThe bronchoscopy, though usually safe, is occasionally associated with complications, such as pneumonia. However, the use of prophylactic antibiotics is not recommended by the guidelines of the British Thoracic Society. Thus far there are few reports of the risk factors for post-bronchoscopy pneumonia; the purpose of this study was to evaluate these risk factors. We retrospectively collected data on patients in whom post-bronchoscopy pneumonia developed from the medical records of 2,265 patients who received 2666 diagnostic bronchoscopies at our institution between April 2006 and November 2011. Twice as many patients were enrolled in the control group as in the pneumonia group. The patients were matched for age and sex. In total, 37 patients (1.4%) had post-bronchoscopy pneumonia. Univariate analysis showed that a significantly larger proportion of patients in the pneumonia group had tracheobronchial stenosis (75.7% vs 18.9%, p < 0.01) and a final diagnosis of primary lung cancer (75.7% vs 43.2%, p < 0.01) than in the control group. The pneumonia group tended to have more patients with a history of smoking (83.8% vs 67.1%, p = 0.06) or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (4.3% vs 14.9%, p = 0.14) than the control group. In multivariate analysis, we found that tracheobronchial stenosis remained an independent risk factor for post-bronchoscopy pneumonia (odds ratio: 7.8, 95%CI: 2.5–24.2). In conclusion, tracheobronchial stenosis was identified as an independent risk factor for post-bronchoscopy pneumonia by multivariate analysis in this age- and sex- matched case control study.

scholarly journals Risk factors for perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke: a large case–control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna‐Lisa Sorg ◽  
Rüdiger Kries ◽  
Mathias Klemme ◽  
Lucia Gerstl ◽  
Raphael Weinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Arterial Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Large Case

scholarly journals Maternal Mortality and Contributing Risk Factors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abi Bazar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: Maternal mortality is one indicator to assess a nation’s health care quality. This research was conducted to determine the determinant risk factors for maternal mortality. Methods: A retrospective case control study at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital for 5 years, with 200 samples consists of 50 cases of maternal mortality and 150 physiological labor cases as control group. Results: For 5 years, there was 109 cases of maternal mortaliy. Of the 50 samples of maternal mortality cases, the most common cause were preeclampsia/eclampsia (50%), followed by hemorrhage (28%). The risk factors were categorized as distant, intermediate, and outcome factors, as stated by McCarthy et al. On bivariate analysis, we found the significance on maternal education and husband’s occupation (distant factors), residence, referral status, numbers of ANC visits, first attendant, labor facility and history of prior medical history (intermediate factors), and also modes of delivery and complications (outcome factors). On the multivariate analysis to determine the most contributing risks factors for maternal mortality, it was found that maternal education and residence were the most influencing factors for maternal mortality (OR 5.74 and 4.65 respectively; p=0.001). Conclusions: The most contributing risks factors for maternal mortality were maternal education and residence. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-1:8-13] Keywords: case control study, maternal mortality, risk factors.

Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Multi-center Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooria Atta ◽  
Fahima Aram ◽  
Nafisa Naseri ◽  
Mahbooba Sahak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as a pregnancy in which fertilized oocyte implants outside the endometrial cavity. Although there is no known etiology for ectopic pregnancy, some risk factors of EP have been determined. It has been evident that ectopic pregnancy can be of multifactorial origin. This multicenter research aims to study risk factors associated with increased risk of ectopic pregnancy in women living in Kabul. Methods: A multicenter case control study was conducted in five tertiary maternity hospitals located in Kabul, Afghanistan. A total of 457 pregnant women were included in this study. In the case group, women with diagnosed ectopic pregnancy, while in control group women with intrauterine pregnancy were included. For each case in this study, two controls were enrolled. Results: The mean (SD) age of women in case group was 27.9 (6) years while in control group it was 26.4 (5.5) years. This difference was not statistically significant. We found a significant association between history of abortion and EP (Adj. OR=1.57; 95%CI: 1.02, 2.42). Having history of abdominal/pelvic surgery was a risk factor for EP with adjusted OR 1.94 (95%CI: 1.15, 3.30). In this study we found an increasing risk of EP in women of 35 years or older compared to younger women (Crude OR=2.26; p= 0.024). In women reporting prior EP, the chance of its recurrence was increased (Crude OR= 9.64; 95%CI: 1.1, 83.2). No association of gravidity and parity was found with EP incidence. Conclusions: In this study we found a statistically significant association between history of abdominal/pelvic surgery and EP. In addition, history of abortion was suggested as a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. In case of having a previous EP probability of its recurrence will be increased. Women with advanced age having other potential risk factors will be facing higher risk of EP.

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