Analisis Faktor Fetus dan Tali Pusat terhadap Risiko Asphyxia Perinatal di  Surakarta

Asfiksia perinatal merujuk pada kekurangan oksigen selama persalinan, sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan kematian dan kecacatan. WHO memperkirakan 4 juta anak terlahir dengan asfiksia setiap tahun, dimana 1 juta di antaranya meninggal dan 1 juta anak bertahan hidup dengan gejala sisa neurologis yang parah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko fetal dan tali pusat pada asfiksia neonatal.Penelitian dilakukan di lakukan di RS Dr Moewardi Surakarta dengan pendekatan quantitative retrospective case control study. Data diambil dari rekam medis antara tahun 2013-2018. Penelitan ini melibatkan 264 neonatal yang terdiri dari 88 kelompok kasus dan 176 kelompok control. Kelompok kasus adalah bayi dengan diagnosa asfiksia yang dilakukan analisis terhadap faktor risiko fetal, sedangkan bayi yang tidak mengalami asfiksia dijadikan kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis statistik uji Chi-Square dan Fisher Exact ditemukan bahwa kelahiran prematur (OR 2,07 CI 95% P 0,02), persalinan dengan tindakan (OR 3,61 CI 95% P 0,00), berat bayi (OR 2,85 CI 95% P 0,00), posisi janin (OR 2,37 CI 95% P 0,05), tali pusat ( QR 3,071 CI 95% P 0,01) berisiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal. Air ketuban yang bercampur meconium (OR 1,51 CI 95% P 0,16) tidak memiliki risiko dengan Asfiksia perinatal. Kesimpulan: Risiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal meliputi kelahiran prematur, persalinan dengan tindakan, berat bayi, posisi janin, dan tali pusat.Perinatal asphyxia refers to a lack of oxygen during labor, which has the potential to cause death and disability. WHO estimates 4 million children born with asphyxia each year, in which 1 million dies and 1 million survive with severe neurological sequelae. This study aims to analyze fetal and umbilical risk factors in neonatal asphyxia.This research is a quantitative retrospective case-control study, which was conducted at The Dr. Moewardi hospital, Surakarta. Data was taken from medical records from 2013-2018. The case group was patients diagnosed asphyxia, while those who did not experience asphyxia were treated as a control group. A total of 264 samples, consisting of 88 case group respondents and 176 control group respondents. Statistical analysis Chi- Square and Fisher Exact found that preterm birth (OR 2.07 CI 95% P 0.02), labor with instrument or complication (OR 3.61 CI 95% P 0.00), infant weight (OR 2.85 CI 95% P 0, 00), fetal position (OR 2.37 CI 95% P 0.05), umbilical cord (QR 3.071 CI 95% P 0.01) are at risk for the incidence of perinatal Asphyxia. The amniotic fluid mixed with meconium (OR 1.51 CI 95% P 0.16) has no risk with perinatal asphyxia.The risk factors of incidences of perinatal asphyxia were preterm birth, labor with instrument or complication, baby weight, fetal position and umbilical cord.

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Predictors of Preeclampsia Based on a 10-Year Case-Control Study

Journal of Family & Reproductive Health ◽

10.18502/jfrh.v13i1.1608 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Arezoo Shayan ◽

Hadis Sourinejad ◽

Mansoureh Refaei ◽

Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi ◽

Leili Tapak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Group ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Low Education ◽

High Age ◽

Control Study

Objective: To investigate the predictors of preeclampsia based on a 10-years case-control study. Materials and methods: The present retrospective, case-control study was carried out in a referral Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, during 2005-2015. Using a hospital information system (HIS), all the available information on hospitalized preeclamptic patients during 10-years period was collected and all preeclamptic women were qualified for the study as the case group (729 subjects) and the same number of non-preeclamptic women were assigned to the control group. The required data were collected using the researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent t-test and logistic regression. Results: The results show that high age (OR = 1.04), low education (diploma compared to illiterate OR = 0.51 and middle school education compared to illiterate OR = 0.55), blood group O (AB: OR = 0.32; B: OR = 0.36; A: OR = 0.26) and fertilization during autumn (spring: OR = 0.41; summer: OR = 0.26; autumn: OR = 1.13) could raise the risk of preeclampsia. Conclusion: High age, low education, blood group O and fertilization in cold seasons could be the risk factors of preeclampsia. Recognizing the risk factors of preeclampsia could help the determination of high risk cases and designing of effective interventions.

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Neonatal Thrombocytopenia after Perinatal Asphyxia Treated with Hypothermia: A Retrospective Case Control Study

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2014/760654 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N. Boutaybi ◽

F. Razenberg ◽

V. E. H. J. Smits-Wintjens ◽

E. W. van Zwet ◽

M. Rijken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hypothermia Group ◽

Control Study

Our objective was to estimate the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on platelet count in neonates after perinatal asphyxia. We performed a retrospective case control study of all (near-) term neonates with perinatal asphyxia admitted between 2004 and 2012 to our neonatal intensive care unit. All neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia were included in this study (hypothermia group) and compared with a historic control group of neonates with perinatal asphyxia treated before introduction of therapeutic hypothermia (2008). Primary outcome was thrombocytopenia during the first week after birth. Thrombocytopenia was found significantly more often in the hypothermia group than in the control group, 80% (43/54) versus 59% (27/46) (P=.02). The lowest mean platelet count in the hypothermia group and control group was97×109/Land125×109/L(P=.06), respectively, and was reached at a mean age of 4.1 days in the hypothermia group and 2.9 days in the control group (P<.001). The incidence of moderate/severe cerebral hemorrhage was 6% (3/47) in the hypothermia group versus 9% (3/35) in the control group (P=.64). In conclusion, neonates with perinatal asphyxia treated with therapeutic hypothermia are at increased risk of thrombocytopenia, without increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

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Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Multi-center Case Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-136639/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nooria Atta ◽

Fahima Aram ◽

Nafisa Naseri ◽

Mahbooba Sahak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Pelvic Surgery ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as a pregnancy in which fertilized oocyte implants outside the endometrial cavity. Although there is no known etiology for ectopic pregnancy, some risk factors of EP have been determined. It has been evident that ectopic pregnancy can be of multifactorial origin. This multicenter research aims to study risk factors associated with increased risk of ectopic pregnancy in women living in Kabul. Methods: A multicenter case control study was conducted in five tertiary maternity hospitals located in Kabul, Afghanistan. A total of 457 pregnant women were included in this study. In the case group, women with diagnosed ectopic pregnancy, while in control group women with intrauterine pregnancy were included. For each case in this study, two controls were enrolled. Results: The mean (SD) age of women in case group was 27.9 (6) years while in control group it was 26.4 (5.5) years. This difference was not statistically significant. We found a significant association between history of abortion and EP (Adj. OR=1.57; 95%CI: 1.02, 2.42). Having history of abdominal/pelvic surgery was a risk factor for EP with adjusted OR 1.94 (95%CI: 1.15, 3.30). In this study we found an increasing risk of EP in women of 35 years or older compared to younger women (Crude OR=2.26; p= 0.024). In women reporting prior EP, the chance of its recurrence was increased (Crude OR= 9.64; 95%CI: 1.1, 83.2). No association of gravidity and parity was found with EP incidence. Conclusions: In this study we found a statistically significant association between history of abdominal/pelvic surgery and EP. In addition, history of abortion was suggested as a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. In case of having a previous EP probability of its recurrence will be increased. Women with advanced age having other potential risk factors will be facing higher risk of EP.

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Risk Factors of Infantile Diarrhea (A Case-Control Study)

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi32.5-6.1992.125-34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (5-6) ◽

pp. 125-34

Author(s):

Iskandar Z. Lubis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Supplementary Food ◽

Infantile Diarrhea ◽

Control Study

From March thru April 1990 an unmatched case-control study had been conducted at the pediatric out-patient Clinic of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan to assess risk factors of infantile diarrhea. The study population were infants, aged younger than 21 months. The mothers of the infants were interviewed, using structured questionnaires. Sample size, calculated by means of formula, with 95 % level of confidence, 90 % power of study, 50% estimated proportion of exposure in the control-group and 2.0 estimated odds ratio, was 121. All infants with diarrhea were included in the case-group until a total number of 124 infants were reached. One control, an infant without diarrhea, was taken for each case from the nearest sequence of attendance after the case. A total of 20 risk factors were tested. Exposure was indicated from the last day before illness. Computerized statistical analysis was performed to calculate odds ratio, 95 % confidence interval and two tailed significance testing for qualitative dichotomic data by means of Chi square test. A total of nine factors were confirmed as risk factors of infantile diarrhea i.e mothers age than 20 years, working mother, not cleaning nipple before suckling the baby bottle feeding, having only one nursing botlle/teat, not ready for use nursing bottle/teat, giving left over supplementary food without reheating, no band-washing before giving supplementary food and malnutrition. The result of this study can be emphasized in health education, especially in diarrheal disease control of infancy; Further well-designed studies are needed.

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The Urinary Uric Acid / Cr ratio as a marker of morbidity and mortality of preterm infants: a case—control study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02798-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mansour Sadeghzadeh ◽

Parisa Khoshnevisasl ◽

Ramezan Fallah ◽

Asghar Marzban ◽

Seyyedeh Maryam Mirrajei

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Case Control ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Perinatal asphyxia is one of the main causes of preterm infant mortality. Some studies have shown that The Urinary Uric Acid / Cr (UUA/Cr) ratio may be used as an additional marker for perinatal asphyxia.This study intend to investigate the relationship of this ratio with outcomes of preterm infants admitted to NICU. Methods This case–control study was carried on 102 preterm newborn infants with gestational age of 30 weeks to 33 weeks and 6 days admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit.The case group, consisted of 51 premature neonates with a history of intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation and Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) at birth, were compared with 51 matched neonates. The UUA/Cr ratio was measured in the first 24 h after birth. Complications during hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, and final outcome were evaluated. Results The mean level of UUA/Cr ratio in case and control group were 5.4 ± 4.1 and 3.6 9 ± 2.9 respectively and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.014). The UUA/Cr ratio were significantly higher in females, cesarean section delivery, Apgar score ≥ 8, neonates without any complication and neonates with less than 10 days of hospitalization. However, this ratio has no predictive value for the incidence of complications during hospitalization and long-term hospital stay for infants of the case group. Conclusions The Urinary Uric Acid / Cr ratio in the first 24 h after birth in preterm neonates who underwent intubation, NCPAP or cardiopulmonary resuscitation was higher than healthy neonates.

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Case control study of nucleated RBC’s in cord blood as a predictor of perinatal asphyxia its severity and outcome

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20174625 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 2008

Author(s):

Mandeep Singh Khurana ◽

Sunita Arora ◽

Supriya Malik ◽

Jasgobind Singh Gulati

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Case Control ◽

World Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Control Study

Background: Perinatal asphyxia word derived from the greek word a-spyxos, meaning born without an evident pulse, is one of the most important causes of fetal distress. Inspite of major advances in technology and knowledge of fetal and perinatal medicine, it is one of the significant causes of mortality and long-term morbidity. World health organization (WHO) has defined perinatal asphyxia as a failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth. HIE is one of the most common complication in an asphyxiated neonate because of its serious longterm neuromotor sequalae among the survivors. A detailed classification of HIE staging in term neonate was proposed by Sarnat and Sarnat.Methods: The present study was prospective case control study conducted in neonatal intensive care unit of Department of Pediatrics at SGRD institute of medical sciences and research over a period of one year from September 2016 to august 2017. Total of 100 newborns among which 50 asphyxiated babies were designated to case group and rest 50 normal term babies to control group. The NRBC count of the case and control groups is compared. The NRBC’s of subjects belonging to different stages of HIE is then compared. The results were analysed statistically chi-square analysis for variance (qualitative analysis), t-test (compare mean NRBC’s in different stages) by SPSS version 20 software for biostatistic and p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Among total 100 babies included in the study, the male and female distribution was 22 (44%) and 28 (56%) in cases and 23 (46%) and 27 (54%) in controls respectively. In our study, the NRBC /100 WBC count for normal newborn was 0.88±1.35 and in case group it was 21.40±20.Conclusions: In present study, the cord blood NRBC count was shown to be a good predictor of perinatal asphyxia with sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 87.72%. NRBC’s can be used for early detection of HIE and its grading in asphyxiated neonates.

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Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of biliary atresia: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e049354

Author(s):

Jingying Jiang ◽

Rou Wan ◽

Shiwei He ◽

Ying Wu ◽

Zhen Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Biliary Atresia ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Control Study

ObjectivesBiliary atresia (BA) is regarded as a serious neonatal hepatobiliary disease, and its aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Epidemiological studies are limited, especially for the data from China. This study aims to explore risk factors of BA and provide new evidence to improve understanding of its aetiology.DesignThis is a case–control study from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016.SettingCases were consecutively recruited from an urban tertiary care academic children’s hospital in Shanghai, China, while the controls were recruited from a community hospital in Shanghai through a random sampling system.Participants721 patients suspected for BA who planned to take the diagnostic surgery were enrolled preoperatively. 613 were diagnosed with BA and recruited into the case group. Meanwhile, 688 infants without any observed major congenital anomalies or jaundice were enrolled. Finally, 594 valid questionnaires from the case group and 681 from the control group were obtained.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStandardised questionnaires were used for data collection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations reported as ORs and precision, by adjusting covariates.ResultsAnxiety or stress during pregnancy was strongly associated with increased risk of BA (OR 8.36 (95% CI: 4.08 to 17.15); p<0.001), respectively. Lower birth weight, fathers from ethnic minorities of China, older age of fathers, lower income of parents, and exposure to infection, diseases and medication during pregnancy all made differences.ConclusionsSocial factors including the educational and economic background and its related anxiety and stress during pregnancy might be noticed in the occurrence of BA. Maternal infections during pregnancy in the prevalence of BA were demonstrated.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPR-15005885.

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Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.667029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

João Soares Felício ◽

Angélica Leite de Alcântara ◽

Luísa Corrêa Janaú ◽

Lorena Vilhena de Moraes ◽

Maria Clara Neres Iunes de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Precocious Puberty ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Central Precocious Puberty ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Control Study

IntroductionWhile soy is suggested as a possible risk factor, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has a likely protective effect in precocious puberty. Our aim was to evaluate the association between both of these variables with central precocious puberty (CPP)MethodsWe performed a retrospective, case-control study. A total of 161 girls were divided into two groups: 84 patients diagnosed with CPP composed the case group and 77 patients without the diagnosis of CPP (had gone through normal onset of puberty) were the control group.ResultsOur control group had a higher presence of EBF >6 months, which was an important protective factor for CPP (OR: 0.5; IC 95%: 0.3–0.9, p = 0.05) and also correlated negatively with the presence of it (r = −0.2; p < 0.05). Oppositely, the use of soy was significantly higher in the CPP group, (OR: 3.8; IC 95%: 1.5–6, p < 0.05) and positively correlating (r = 0.2; p < 0.01) with the presence of CPP. Duration of soy intake (years) correlated with bone age (r = 0.415; p < 0.05). A logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effects of EBF duration and soy on CPP. The model was significant (x² (2) = 20,715, p = <0.001) and explained 12.2% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance, correctly classifying 62.5% of cases. EBF was associated with a reduction of likelihood of having CPP [OR = 0,187 (CI = 0.055–0,635); Wald = 7,222, p = 0.007], while soy intake increased the risk [OR = 3.505 (CI) = 1,688–7,279, Wald = 11,319, p = 0.001].ConclusionOur data found the use of soy was associated with CPP. Additionally, EBF was pointed as a protective factor. However, future prospective studies are needed to clarify this issue.

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Behavioral, health- related and demographic risk factors of death in floods: A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0262005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0262005

Author(s):

Arezoo Yari ◽

Homa Yousefi Khoshsabegheh ◽

Yadolah Zarezadeh ◽

Ali Ardalan ◽

Mohsen Soufi Boubakran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Health ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Health Related ◽

Demographic Risk ◽

Demographic Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

During the first half of 2019, many provinces of Iran were affected by floods, which claimed the lives of 82 people. The present study aimed to investigate the behavioral, health related and demographic risk factors associated with deaths due to floods. We measured the odds ratio and investigated the contribution and significance of the factors in relation to mortality. This case-control study was conducted in the cities affected by flood in Iran. Data were collected on the flood victims using a questionnaire. Survivors, a member of the flood victim’s family, were interviewed. In total, 77 subjects completed the survey in the case group, and 310 subjects completed the survey in the control group. The findings indicated that factors such as the age of less than 18 years, low literacy, being trapped in buildings/cars, and risky behaviors increased the risk of flood deaths. Regarding the behavioral factors, perceived/real swimming skills increased the risk of flood deaths although it may seem paradoxical. This increment is due to increased self confidence in time of flood. On the other hand, skills and abilities such as evacuation, requesting help, and escape decreased the risk of flood deaths. According to the results, the adoption of support strategies, protecting vulnerable groups, and improving the socioeconomic status of flood-prone areas could prevent and reduce the risk of flood deaths.

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Risk factors for difficult peripheral venous cannulation in hospitalised patients. Protocol for a multicentre case–control study in 48 units of eight public hospitals in Spain

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020420 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e020420 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Miguel Angel Rodriguez-Calero ◽

Ismael Fernandez-Fernandez ◽

Luis Javier Molero-Ballester ◽

Catalina Matamalas-Massanet ◽

Luis Moreno-Mejias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Venous Cannulation ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

Control Study

IntroductionPatients with difficult venous access experience undesirable effects during healthcare, such as delayed diagnosis and initiation of treatment, stress and pain related to the technique and reduced satisfaction. This study aims to identify risk factors with which to model the appearance of difficulty in achieving peripheral venous puncture in hospital treatment.Methods and analysisCase–control study. We will include adult patients requiring peripheral venous cannulation in eight public hospitals, excluding those in emergency situations and women in childbirth or during puerperium. The nurse who performs the technique will record in an anonymised register variables related to the intervention. Subsequently, a researcher will extract the health variables from the patient’s medical history. Patients who present one of the following conditions will be assigned to the case group: two or more failed punctures, need for puncture support, need for central access after failure to achieve peripheral access, or decision to reject the technique. The control group will be obtained from records of patients who do not meet the above conditions. It has been stated a minimum sample size of 2070 patients, 207 cases and 1863 controls.A descriptive analysis will be made of the distribution of the phenomenon. The variables hypothesised to be risk factors for the appearance of difficult venous cannulation will be studied using a logistic regression model.Ethics and disseminationThe study was funded in January 2017 and obtained ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Balearic Islands. Informed consent will be obtained prior to data collection. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

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