Trends in the prevalence and treatment of depressive symptoms in Peru: a population-based study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the trends in the prevalence and treatment of depressive symptoms using nationally representative surveys in Peru from 2014 to 2018.DesignA secondary analysis was conducted using five nationally representative surveys carried out consecutively in the years between 2014 and 2018.SettingThe study was conducted in Peru.ParticipantsIndividuals, men and women, aged ≥15 years who participated in the selected surveys. Sampling was probabilistic using a two-stage approach.Main outcome measuresTwo versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) that focused on the presence of depressive symptoms were administered (one in the last 2 weeks and other in the last year). Scores ≥15 were used as the cut-off point in both versions of the PHQ-9 to define the presence of depressive symptoms. Also, the treatment rate was based on the proportion of individuals who had experienced depressive symptoms in the last year and who had self-reported having received specific treatment for these symptoms. The age-standardised prevalence was estimated.ResultsA total of 161 061 participants were included. There was no evidence of a change in age-standardised prevalence rates of depressive symptoms at the 2 weeks prior to the point of data collection (2.6% in 2014 to 2.3% in 2018), or in the last year (6.3% in 2014 to 6.2% in 2018). Furthermore, no change was found in the proportion of depressive cases treated in the last year (14.6% in 2014 to 14.4% in 2018). Rural areas and individuals with low-level of wealth had lower proportion of depressive cases treated.ConclusionsNo changes in trends of rates of depressive symptoms or in the proportion of depressive cases treated were observed. This suggests the need to reduce the treatment gap considering social determinants associated with inequality in access to adequate therapy.

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Supplemental Material for Is the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Glucose Bidirectional? A Population-Based Study

Health Psychology ◽

10.1037/hea0000612.supp ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study

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Associations of Dietary Patterns with Incident Depression: The Maastricht Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13031034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1034

Author(s):

Vincenza Gianfredi ◽

Annemarie Koster ◽

Anna Odone ◽

Andrea Amerio ◽

Carlo Signorelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

A Priori ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Population Based ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Patient Health

Our aim was to assess the association between a priori defined dietary patterns and incident depressive symptoms. We used data from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (n = 2646, mean (SD) age 59.9 (8.0) years, 49.5% women; 15,188 person-years of follow-up). Level of adherence to the Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD), Mediterranean Diet, and Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH) were derived from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and annually over seven-year-follow-up (using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. One standard deviation (SD) higher adherence in the DHD and DASH was associated with a lower hazard ratio (HR) of depressive symptoms with HRs (95%CI) of 0.78 (0.69–0.89) and 0.87 (0.77–0.98), respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. After further adjustment for lifestyle factors, the HR per one SD higher DHD was 0.83 (0.73–0.96), whereas adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets was not associated with incident depressive symptoms. Higher adherence to the DHD lowered risk of incident depressive symptoms. Adherence to healthy diet could be an effective non-pharmacological preventive measure to reduce the incidence of depression.

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Sex differences in the association between serum lipids and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal population-based study

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Xu ◽

Kai Wang ◽

Shengfeng Wang ◽

Lili Liu ◽

Xiaozhen Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study

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Association of depressive symptoms and socioeconomic status in determination of blood pressure levels and hypertension: The CONSTANCES population based study

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 279 ◽

pp. 282-291

Author(s):

Alexandre Vallée ◽

Emmanuel Wiernik ◽

Sofiane Kab ◽

Cédric Lemogne ◽

Marcel Goldberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study

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Depressive symptoms prior to and after incident cardiovascular disease and long-term survival. A population-based study of older persons

Depression and Anxiety ◽

10.1002/da.22689 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 18-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rosanne Freak-Poli ◽

M. Arfan Ikram ◽

Oscar H Franco ◽

Albert Hofman ◽

Henning Tiemeier

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Older Persons ◽

Population Based ◽

Term Survival ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Incident Cardiovascular Disease

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The occurrence of depressive symptoms in the preclinical phase of AD: A population-based study

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.53.9.1998 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 1998-1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 158

Author(s):

A- K. Berger ◽

L. Fratiglioni ◽

Y. Forsell ◽

B. Winblad ◽

L. Backman

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Preclinical Phase

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Frequent consumption of vegetables predicts lower risk of depression in older Taiwanese – results of a prospective population-based study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011002977 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1087-1092 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Alan C Tsai ◽

Tsui-Lan Chang ◽

Shu-Hwang Chi

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Regression Model ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Major Food ◽

Health Related ◽

Frequent Consumption

AbstractObjectiveThe study evaluated the association between consumption frequencies of the major food categories and the risk of new depression four years later in older Taiwanese.DesignA prospective cohort study with multistage random sampling. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the significance of the longitudinal associations of intake frequencies of the major food categories with future (4 years later) risk of new depression, controlled for possible confounding factors with or without adjustment for cognitive status.SettingPopulation-based free-living elderly.SubjectsMen and women (n 1609) ≥65 years of age.ResultsIn a regression model that controlled for demographic, socio-economic, lifestyle and disease/health-related variables but not cognitive status, both fruits (OR = 0·66, 95 % CI 0·45, 0·98, P = 0·038) and vegetables (OR = 0·38, 95 % CI 0·17, 0·86, P = 0·021) were protective against depressive symptoms 4 years later. However, when the same regression model was also adjusted for cognitive status, only vegetables (OR = 0·40, 95 % CI 0·17, 0·95, P = 0·039) were protective against depressive symptoms. Higher consumption of eggs was close to being significant in both regression models (P = 0·087 and 0·069, respectively). Other food categories including meat/poultry, fish, seafood, dairy, legumes, grains and tea showed no significant associations.ConclusionsResults suggest that although confounding factors cannot be totally ruled out, more frequent consumption of vegetables seems to be protective against depressive symptoms in the elderly. Further studies are needed to elucidate the causal role and the mechanism of the association.

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A Decade of Decline in Serious Cognitive Problems Among Older Americans: A Population-Based Study of 5.4 Million Respondents

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210561 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽

Katherine Marie Ahlin

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Generational Differences ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Older Americans ◽

Age Cohort ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Cognitive Problems

Background: Numerous studies suggest the prevalence of dementia has decreased over the past several decades in Western countries. Less is known about whether these trends differ by gender or age cohort, and if generational differences in educational attainment explain these trajectories. Objective: 1) To detect temporal trends in the age-sex-race adjusted prevalence of serious cognitive problems among Americans aged 65+; 2) To establish if these temporal trends differ by gender and age cohort; 3) To examine if these temporal trends are attenuated by generational differences in educational attainment. Methods: Secondary analysis of 10 years of annual nationally representative data from the American Community Survey with 5.4 million community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults aged 65+. The question on serious cognitive problems was, “Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?” Results: The prevalence of serious cognitive problems in the US population aged 65 and older declined from 12.2%to 10.0%between 2008 and 2017. Had the prevalence remained at the 2008 levels, there would have been an additional 1.13 million older Americans with serious cognitive problems in 2017. The decline in memory problems across the decade was higher for women (23%) than for men (13%). Adjusting for education substantially attenuated the decline. Conclusion: Between 2008 and 2017, the prevalence of serious cognitive impairment among older Americans declined significantly, although these declines were partially attributable to generational differences in educational attainment.

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The Relationship between Thyroid Function and Depressive Symptoms—the FIN-D2D Population-Based Study

Clinical Medicine Insights Endocrinology and Diabetes ◽

10.4137/cmed.s24111 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. CMED.S24111 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Juha Saltevo ◽

Hannu Kautiainen ◽

Pekka Mäntyselkä ◽

Antti Jula ◽

Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Population Based ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Population Based Study ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

The association between thyroid function and depression is controversial. Both conditions express many similar symptoms, but the studies done give conflicting results. This study draws on a random, population-based sample of 4500 subjects aged 45–75 years old from Finland. The basic clinical study was done in 2007 for 1396 men and 1500 women (64% participation rate). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (F-T4), and free triiodothyronine (F-T3) were measured in 2013 from frozen samples. The 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) was applied to assess depressive symptoms (score ≥10 points). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.5% in women and 12.5% in men. In women, the mean levels of TSH, F-T4, and F-T3 without depressive symptoms vs. with the presence of depressive symptoms were 1.92/1.97 mU/L, 13.1/13.1 pmol/L, and 3.91/3.87 pmol/L (NS), respectively. In men, the levels were 1.87/1.94 mU/L, 13.5/13.7 pmol/L, and 4.18/4.12 pmol/L (NS), respectively. In multiple regression analysis, TSH had no relationship to BDI-21 total score. We found no association between depressive symptoms and thyroid values.

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