36 Literature review on the effects of acute and chronic alcohol use on the glymphatic transport system

Chronic alcohol-use disorder has been imputed as a possible cause of dietary magnesium depletion. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in chronic alcohol-use disorder, and to provide information on intracellular magnesium and on its renal handling. We carried out a structured literature search up to November 2020, which returned 2719 potentially relevant records. After excluding non-significant records, 25 were retained for the final analysis. The meta-analysis disclosed that both total and ionized circulating magnesium are markedly reduced in chronic alcohol-use disorder. The funnel plot and the Egger’s test did not disclose significant publication bias. The I2-test demonstrated significant statistical heterogeneity between studies. We also found that the skeletal muscle magnesium content is reduced and the kidney’s normal response to hypomagnesemia is blunted. In conclusion, magnesium depletion is common in chronic alcohol-use disorder. Furthermore, the kidney plays a crucial role in the development of magnesium depletion.

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A narrative review of chronic alcohol-induced atrial fibrillation

Future Cardiology ◽

10.2217/fca-2021-0007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rea Mittal ◽

Lilly Su ◽

Devyani Ramgobin ◽

Ashwani Garg ◽

Rahul Jain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Chronic Alcohol ◽

Higher Alcohol ◽

Dependent Relationship ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Low Levels ◽

Dose Dependent

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent and can lead to many cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmias. Chronic alcohol use has a dose-dependent relationship with incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), where higher alcohol intake (>3 drinks a day) is associated with higher risk of AF. Meanwhile, low levels of chronic alcohol intake (<1 drink a day) is not associated with increased risk of AF. Mechanistically, chronic alcohol intake alters the structural, functional and electrical integrity of the atria, predisposing to AF. Increased screening can help identify AUD patients early on and provide the opportunity to educate on chronic alcohol use related risks, such as AF. The ideal treatment to reduce risk of incident or recurrent AF in AUD populations is abstinence.

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Memantine Usage for Management of Korsakoff Syndrome in the Setting of Chronic Alcohol Use and Unspecified Eating Disorder

Cureus ◽

10.7759/cureus.13846 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Varun Reddy ◽

Andrea Hernandez ◽

Leah Grossman ◽

Debra Angelo ◽

Johnathan Frunzi

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Chronic Alcohol ◽

Korsakoff Syndrome

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Does a Supplement Cocktail a Day Keep the Doctor Away? An Unusual Case of Alcohol Induced Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A379-A380

Author(s):

Kaley N Breault ◽

Brittney H Arakaki ◽

Peminda K Cabandugama ◽

Jordan M Rowe

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Literature Review ◽

Glucose Control ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Chromium Picolinate ◽

Insulin Regimen ◽

C Peptide ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Pancreatic Dysfunction

Abstract Background: Currently there are no evidence-based medical recommendations to support the use of supplements in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), although there is some data that supports glucose lowering in type 2 DM with supplements such as cinnamon. Additionally, there is no evidence regarding the use of supplements in insulin-dependent DM secondary to pancreatic dysfunction from alcohol use disorder. Despite lack of clear evidence, it is estimated that more than 65% of Americans with DM use at least one dietary supplement for perceived health benefits. (1)Clinical Case: A 58-year old male presented with insulin-dependent DM secondary to pancreatic dysfunction from alcohol use disorder. Initial labs were significant for a low C-peptide of 0.13 ng/mL (0.80–3.85 ng/mL), A1c -9.4%, and blood glucoses ranging from 160–300 mg/dL. Patient’s DM regimen consisted of glargine 40 units nightly and aspart 12 units three times a day with meals. On a subsequent visit two months later, the patient stated that he had begun taking numerous supplements in hopes that these would improve his overall medical status. Supplements included Blood Boost Formula, Ultra K2 with MK-7, Chromium Picolinate, Male Enhancement, Super C Immune Complex, Nugenix Total-T, Niacinamide, Omega Q Plus Max, Cortisol Hormone Balancer, and Vitamin D3. Simultaneously, the patient self-discontinued all his maintenance medications except for his aforementioned insulin regimen due to the fear of negatively impacting his pancreas. Unexpectedly, his blood glucoses improved to a range of 90–150 mg/dL after being on these supplements without increasing his insulin dose. Upon literature review, three ingredients showed the most evidence for the possible explanation for his improvement in glucose control: L-arginine, nettle extract, and biotin with chromium. Conclusion: Literature review of in vivo and randomized, placebo-controlled studies demonstrated mechanisms of action for L-arginine, nettle extract, and biotin with chromium that indicate their potential role in lowering blood glucoses and increasing C-peptide levels in insulin-dependent DM secondary to pancreatic dysfunction from alcohol use disorder. Further investigations include exploring long-term impact on pancreatic function, glucose control, and insulin resistance. Reference: (1) Garrow, D., Egede, L. Association Between Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use, Preventive Care Practices, and Use of Conventional Medical Services Among Adults with Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006 Jan; 29(1): 15–19.

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Integrated Passenger Transport System in Rural Areas – A Literature Review

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v32i6.3565 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 863-873

Author(s):

Branimir Maretić ◽

Borna Abramović

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Transport System ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Planning System ◽

Passenger Transport ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Set Up ◽

The Impact

The planning and organisation of public passenger transport in rural areas is a complex process. The transport demand in rural areas is often low, which makes it hard to establish and run a financially sustainable public transport system. A solution is integrated passenger transport that eliminates deficiencies and provides benefits for all participants in the public passenger transport process. This paper describes the impact of integrated passenger transport on mobility in rural areas and critically evaluates different literature sources. Integration of passenger transport in urban areas has been described in the context of rural areas, and the challenges of integration of public passenger transport specific to rural areas have been analysed. Through the application in urban and rural areas, the planning of integrated and non-integrated passenger transport has been functionally analysed. The analysis found an increase in the degree of mobility in the areas that use integrated passenger transport compared to the non-integrated one. This research of the literature review has identified the rural areas of mobility as under-researched. The mobility research can set up a more efficient passenger transport planning system in rural areas.

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Markers of chronic alcohol use in hair: Comparison of ethyl glucuronide and cocaethylene in cocaine users

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.11.007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 172 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Lucia Politi ◽

Alessandra Zucchella ◽

Luca Morini ◽

Cristiana Stramesi ◽

Aldo Polettini

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Ethyl Glucuronide ◽

Chronic Alcohol ◽

Cocaine Users

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Differential expression of microRNAs in the hippocampi of male and female rodents after chronic alcohol administration

Biology of Sex Differences ◽

10.1186/s13293-020-00342-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mi Ran Choi ◽

Jasmin Sanghyun Han ◽

Yeung-Bae Jin ◽

Sang-Rae Lee ◽

In Young Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Target Genes ◽

The Other ◽

Female Rats ◽

Chronic Alcohol ◽

Male And Female ◽

Heavy Alcohol ◽

Alcohol Administration ◽

Heavy Alcohol Use ◽

Chronic Alcohol Administration

Abstract Background Women are more vulnerable than men to the neurotoxicity and severe brain damage caused by chronic heavy alcohol use. In addition, brain damage due to chronic heavy alcohol use may be associated with sex-dependent epigenetic modifications. This study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes that are differentially expressed in the hippocampi of male and female animal models in response to alcohol. Methods After chronic alcohol administration (3~3.5 g/kg/day) in male (control, n = 10; alcohol, n = 12) or female (control, n = 10; alcohol, n = 12) Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks, we measured body weights and doublecortin (DCX; a neurogenesis marker) concentrations and analyzed up- or downregulated miRNAs using GeneChip miRNA 4.0 arrays. The differentially expressed miRNAs and their putative target genes were validated by RT-qPCR. Results Alcohol attenuated body weight gain only in the male group. On the other hand, alcohol led to increased serum AST in female rats and decreased serum total cholesterol concentrations in male rats. The expression of DCX was significantly reduced in the hippocampi of male alcohol-treated rats. Nine miRNAs were significantly up- or downregulated in male alcohol-treated rats, including upregulation of miR-125a-3p, let-7a-5p, and miR-3541, and downregulation of their target genes (Prdm5, Suv39h1, Ptprz1, Mapk9, Ing4, Wt1, Nkx3-1, Dab2ip, Rnf152, Ripk1, Lin28a, Apbb3, Nras, and Acvr1c). On the other hand, 7 miRNAs were significantly up- or downregulated in alcohol-treated female rats, including downregulation of miR-881-3p and miR-504 and upregulation of their target genes (Naa50, Clock, Cbfb, Arih1, Ube2g1, and Gng7). Conclusions These results suggest that chronic heavy alcohol use produces sex-dependent effects on neurogenesis and miRNA expression in the hippocampus and that sex differences should be considered when developing miRNA biomarkers to diagnose or treat alcoholics.

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