Mushroom poisoning

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Keyword(s):  
Amanita Phalloides ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Reference Book ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
Poisonous Fungi ◽  
Poisonous Mushroom ◽  
Poisonous Mushrooms

Many poisonous mushrooms can be confused with edible species and eaten by mistake. Serious poisoning is fortunately rare in Britain. The best known poisonous mushroom is the Death Cap (Amanita phalloides), but many other mushrooms more commonly cause poisoning; they can be identified from a reference book or the RoSPA poster* showing poisonous fungi in colour.

scholarly journals Poisoning Case of Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Ivan Permana Putra
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Wild Mushroom ◽  
Wild Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Poisonous Mushroom ◽  
The Common ◽  
Poisonous Mushrooms ◽  
Foraging Time

Wild edible mushrooms are one the germplasms which consumed by some people in Indonesia. However, due to the similar morpholgical appearance from one mushroom to another, cases of wild mushroom poisoning might be occurred as the result of the misidentification at foraging time. One of the common poisonous mushrooms which easily found around residence area is Chlorophyllum molybdites. To date, there is no database of mushroom poisoning cases in Indonesia. The aims of this research was to provide the information regarding C. molybdites poisoning cases in Indonesia. This is a literature-based quantitative research. During the last 10 years, it is suspected that there have been 4 cases of Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites poisoning in Indonesia with a total of 34 victims and none has died. This mushroom is known to contain toxic compounds, namely polymeric protein. The main constraint related to determining the taxonomic identity of poisonous mushroom, is the lack of information and documentation of samples that cause poisoning in Indonesia. This research explained how to recognize the character of C. molybdites, information on its distribution, and its toxicity aspects. With the complete information as a medium for disseminating mycology knowledge, it is hoped that cases of wild mushroom poisoning can be prevented in the future in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Chemistry and Toxicology of Major Bioactive Substances in Inocybe Mushrooms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Patocka ◽  
Ran Wu ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Martin Valis ◽  
Wenda Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Application ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Poisonous Mushroom ◽  
Poisonous Mushrooms

Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year around the world. It attracts the attention of researchers, especially in the aspects of toxin composition, toxic mechanism and toxin application in poisonous mushroom. Inocybe is a large genus of mushrooms and contains toxic substances including muscarine, psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, lectins and baeocystin. In order to prevent and remedy mushroom poisoning, it is significant to clarify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these bioactive substances. In this review article, we summarize the chemistry, most known toxic effects and mechanisms of major toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms, especially muscarine, psilocybin and psilocin. Their available toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) published formerly are also summarized. In addition, the treatment and medical application of these toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms are also discussed. We hope that this review will help understanding of the chemistry and toxicology of Inocybe mushrooms as well as the potential clinical application of its bioactive substances to benefit human beings.

scholarly journals Wild mushroom poisoning in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand: a case series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinita Nikhurpa ◽  
Mamta Nikhurpa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Poisonous Mushroom ◽  
Laboratory Profile ◽  
Poisonous Mushrooms ◽  
Renal Support

Mushrooms have been dietary source in hilly and ethnic tribes of India. More than 5000 mushroom species are known worldwide and nearly 100 species are known to be poisonous for humans. Mushroom poisoning occurs due to unintentional and accidental ingestion of poisonous mushroom due to misidentification of poisonous variety as edible one. There has been increasingly incidence of reporting of mushroom poisoning cases nowadays. Here we are reporting case series of 4 patients admitted hailing from same village with accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms with clinical-laboratory profile and outcome at our institution. Mushroom Poisoning is an emerging healthcare concern nowadays. Education and mass awareness for identification of poisonous mushrooms is an important preventive measure. Early hospitalization, proper hydration, gastric decontamination, silibinin and N- acetyl cysteine therapy with hepato-renal support constitutes mainstay of treatment. Delay in treatment and complications results in poor prognosis and mortality.

scholarly journals Mushroom Poisoning—A 17 Year Retrospective Study at a Level I University Emergency Department in Switzerland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Keller ◽  
Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler ◽  
Katharina Schenk-Jaeger ◽  
Hugo Kupferschmidt ◽  
Aristomenis Exadaktylos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
Poison Centre ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
Level I ◽  
Amanita Pantherina ◽  
Poisonous Mushrooms ◽  
Poisons Information

The consequences of mushroom poisoning range from mild, mostly gastrointestinal, disturbances to organ failure or even death. This retrospective study describes presentations related to mushroom poisoning at an emergency department in Bern (Switzerland) from January 2001 to October 2017. Gastrointestinal disturbances were reported in 86% of the 51 cases. The National Poisons Information Centre and mycologists were involved in 69% and 61% of the cases, respectively. Identification of the mushroom type/family was possible in 43% of the cases. The most common mushroom family was Boletaceae (n = 21) and the most common mushrooms Xerocomus chrysenteron (n = 7; four being part of a cluster), Clitocybe nebularis, Lepista nuda and Lactarius semisanguifluus (n = 5 each, four being part of a cluster). Poisonous mushrooms included Amanita phalloides (n = 3, all analytically confirmed), Boletus satanas (n = 3), Amanita muscaria (n = 2) and Amanita pantherina (n = 2). There were no fatalities and 80% of the patients were discharged within 24 h. Mushroom poisoning does not appear to be a common reason for emergency consultation and most presentations were of minor severity and related to edible species (e.g., due to incorrect processing). Nevertheless, poisonous mushrooms and severe complications were also recorded. Collaboration with a poison centre and/or mycologists is of great importance, especially in high risk cases.

scholarly journals Acute Liver Failure Caused byAmanita phalloidesPoisoning

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Santi ◽  
Caterina Maggioli ◽  
Marianna Mastroroberto ◽  
Manuel Tufoni ◽  
Lucia Napoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Amanita Phalloides ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Kidney Involvement

Mushroom poisoning is a relatively rare cause of acute liver failure (ALF). The present paper analyzes the pathogenesis, clinical features, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic strategies of ALF secondary to ingestion ofAmanita phalloides, which represents the most common and deadly cause of mushroom poisoning. Liver damage fromAmanita phalloidesis related to the amanitins, powerful toxins that inhibit RNA polymerase II resulting in a deficient protein synthesis and cell necrosis. After an asymptomatic lag phase, the clinical picture is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, followed by the liver and kidney involvement. Amatoxin poisoning may progress into ALF and eventually death if liver transplantation is not performed. The mortality rate afterAmanita phalloidespoisoning ranges from 10 to 20%. The management of amatoxin poisoning consists of preliminary medical care, supportive measures, detoxification therapies, and orthotopic liver transplantation. The clinical efficacy of any modality of treatment is difficult to demonstrate since randomized, controlled clinical trials have not been reported. The use of extracorporeal liver assist devices as well as auxiliary liver transplantation may represent additional therapeutic options.

scholarly journals Prognosis and treatment options in cases of acute liver failure caused by mushroom poisoning due to Amanita phalloides

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Anant Parasher ◽  
Akshay Aggrawal
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Orthotopic Liver Transplantation ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Amanita Phalloides ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Mushroom Ingestion

Poisoning due to mushroom ingestion is a relatively rare but deadly cause of acute liver failure (ALF). Consumption of the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides, also known as ‘death cap’, is one of the most common causes of mushroom poisoning worldwide, being involved in the majority of human fatalities caused due to mushroom ingestion. A major portion of the liver damage due to Amanita phalloides is related to powerful toxins known as amanitins, which cause impairment in protein synthesis and subsequent cell necrosis by the inhibition of RNA polymerase II. Initially the presentation is that of an asymptomatic lag phase, followed by gastrointestinal symptoms and hepato-renal involvement. Amatoxin poisoning may progress into fulminant hepatic failure and eventually death if liver transplantation is not performed. It is based on a careful assessment of history of type and duration of mushroom ingestion, as well as the clinical manifestations. Diagnosis can be confirmed by laboratory tests measuring urinary amatoxin levels and identification of the mushroom. Although N-Acetyl Cysteine and Penicillin-G have proven to be effective therapeutic agents, Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT) or Auxiliary Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (APOLT) is the only treatment option for most of the cases carrying a poor prognosis.

Low-cost management of mushroom poisoning in a limited-resource area: a 12-year retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Ratsameekhae Jongthun ◽  
Pasin Hemachudha ◽  
Supaporn Wacharapluesadee ◽  
Thiravat Hemachudha
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Poisonous Mushrooms

Amatoxin poisoning is the main cause of death from accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms and a mortality rate of 27.3% has been reported in Thailand. Symptoms of mushroom ingestion are often confused with food poisoning; thus, gastroenteritis is not recognised as the first phase of poisoning. Our study assessed the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a treatment for amatoxin poisoning. We retrospectively analysed 74 medical records over 12 years. The majority (70/74) were treated successfully with NAC; death in the remaining 4 (5.4%) patients was attributed to late presentation in three and advanced alcoholic cirrhosis in one.

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