Explanatory style in youth self-harm: an Indian qualitative study to inform intervention design

BackgroundThere are very few studies that have examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions (PIs) that have been developed and tested in high-income countries to reduce self-harm in low and middle-income countries.ObjectiveTo evaluate the perspectives and explanatory styles of youth with self-harm and their caregivers to inform the design of an evidence based PI in a non-Western cultural setting. An additional objective was to suggest ways of integrating local practices and traditions to enhance its acceptability.MethodsWe conducted 15 in-depth qualitative interviews with youth with self-harm and four interviews with the caregivers in the psychiatry department of a tertiary hospital located in Mumbai, India. Data were analysed using phenomenological thematic analysis.FindingsFive themes were uncovered: (i) contextual factors related to self-harm including interpersonal factors, intrapersonal factors and socio-cultural factors; (ii) formulation and current feelings about the attempt (iii) family members and friends as the perceived supports and deterrents for future self-harm attempts; (iv) treatment related experiences with counselling, in-patient and outpatient treatment and barriers to treatment; and (v) coping strategies. Recommendations for key areas of adaptation include therapist adaptation, content adaptation to accommodate for cultural considerations and broader social context. Gender based socio-cultural norms, beliefs and stigma attached to self-harm need to be specifically addressed in South Asian setting. Interpersonal conflicts are the most common triggers.Conclusion and clinical implicationsTo our knowledge this is the first study in the South Asian context evaluating explanatory styles of youth with self-harm and their caregivers to inform the design of an intervention to ensure its cultural congruence. Cultural adaptation of an evidence based PI results in competent delivery and ensures best results in diverse ethno-cultural populations.

Download Full-text

Gender Inequality in Mental Health: A Review from the South Asian Context

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v16i2.31938 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 203-206

Author(s):

Reshman Tabassum

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

South Asia ◽

Gender Equity ◽

South Asian ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

Medical Science ◽

Global Perspective ◽

Gender Inequalities ◽

Asian Context ◽

Gender Based

Gender equity refers to the fairness and justice in the allocation of benefits and responsibilities between women and men, while gender-based inequity may emanate from a psychosocial, epidemiological; or perhaps a global perspective. The concepts of gender equity are merely elusive; nevertheless, increasingly have been used inappropriately. Gender inequities in mental health, pervasive in South Asian societies, indicates biases in power, resources, entitlements, and the way organizations are arranged and programs are designed to adversely affect the lives of millions of women. Four major areas highlighted in this study are: Prevalence of gender inequality in mental health; role of gender in South Asia; unraveling gender and mental health paradox in South Asia; and effective strategies to minimize gender inequality. Eliminating gender inequalities requires not only acknowledging the necessity of basic medical services to women, but scrutinizing mental health through a gender lens and taking measures for expanding womens accessibility, affordability and suitability to mental health facilities in South Asian countries.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(2) 2017 p.203-206

Download Full-text

Gender-Based Analysis: A tool for evidence-based research in occupational health?

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e518342013-001 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Sue Street

Keyword(s):

Occupational Health ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Gender Based

Download Full-text

Disorders of Impulse Control and Self-Harm

The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195366884.013.0023 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 504-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew K. Nock ◽

Christine B. Cha ◽

Halina J. Dour

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Impulse Control ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Self Harm ◽

Clinical Problems ◽

Control Spectrum

Disorders of impulse-control and self-harm are dangerous clinical problems that often present significant challenges for scientists and clinicians. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of each disorder on the impulse-control spectrum. We begin by describing the clinical presentation and epidemiology of each disorder. Next, we discuss what is currently known about the etiology of these disorders, summarizing recent research on genetic/neurobiological factors, environmental factors, and psychological factors that appear to influence these disorders. The assessment and treatment of disorders of impulse-control and self-harm is complicated by the relatively low base-rate of these disorders, as well as by their dangerous and sensitive nature. Nevertheless, several evidence-based approaches to assessment and treatment have been developed and also are reviewed here. We conclude with recommendations for future scientific and clinical efforts aimed at better understanding, predicting, and preventing disorders of impulse-control and self-harm.

Download Full-text

P64 Understanding paradoxically low rates of self-harm in a deprived, ethnically diverse urban community in the UK: a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews and focus groups

10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.157 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

C Polling ◽

C Woodhead ◽

H Harwood ◽

M Hotopf ◽

SL Hatch

Keyword(s):

Focus Groups ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Urban Community ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Ethnically Diverse ◽

Self Harm ◽

The Uk

Download Full-text

Health research capacity in Nepal: Analysis of the trend and the role of local researchers

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1177/0049475520982770 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004947552098277

Author(s):

Madhu Kharel ◽

Alpha Pokharel ◽

Krishna P Sapkota ◽

Prasant V Shahi ◽

Pratisha Shakya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Research ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Research Capacity ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Health Related ◽

Evidence Based Decision Making

Evidence-based decision-making is less common in low- and middle-income countries where the research capacity remains low. Nepal, a lower-middle-income country in Asia, is not an exception. We conducted a rapid review to identify the trend of health research in Nepal and found more than seven-fold increase in the number of published health-related articles between 2000 and 2018. The proportion of articles with Nepalese researchers as the first authors has also risen over the years, though they are still only in two-thirds of the articles in 2018.

Download Full-text

FAO/WHO GIFT: increasing the availability, harmonization and use of individual quantitative food consumption data worldwide

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.768 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

R Ferreira de Sousa ◽

A Balcerzak ◽

T Bevere ◽

V Padula de Quadros

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Food Groups ◽

Middle Income ◽

Consumption Data ◽

Food Consumption Data

Abstract Introduction Understanding the various eating habits of different population groups, according to the geographical area, is critical to develop evidence-based policies for nutrition and food safety. The FAO/WHO Global Individual Food consumption data Tool (FAO/WHO GIFT) is a novel open-access online platform, hosted by FAO and supported by WHO, providing access to harmonized individual quantitative food consumption (IQFC) data, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods FAO/WHO GIFT disseminates IQFC data as ready-to-use food-based indicators in the form of infographics, and as microdata. The infographics intend to facilitate the use of these data by policy makers, providing an overview of key data according to population segments and food groups. The microdata is publicly available for download, and is intended for users that would like to do further analysis of the data. Results FAO/WHO GIFT is a growing repository. By June 2020, 14 datasets were available for dissemination and download, and an additional 44 datasets will be made available by 2022. FAO/WHO GIFT also provides an inventory of existing IQFC data worldwide, which currently contains detailed information on 268 surveys conducted in 105 countries. Conclusions FAO/WHO GIFT collates, harmonizes and disseminates IQFC data collected in different countries. This harmonization is aimed at enhancing the consistency and reliability of nutrient intake and dietary exposure assessments globally. FAO/WHO GIFT is developed in synergy with other global initiatives aimed at increasing the quality, availability and use of IQFC data in LMICs to enable evidence-based policy-making for better nutrition and food safety.

Download Full-text

Women’s multiple uses of an overdose prevention technology to mitigate risks and harms within a supportive housing environment: a qualitative study

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01196-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Geoff Bardwell ◽

Taylor Fleming ◽

Ryan McNeil ◽

Jade Boyd

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Supportive Housing ◽

People Who Use Drugs ◽

Opioid Overdose ◽

Response Button ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Housing Environment ◽

Gender Based

Abstract Background North America is amidst an opioid overdose epidemic. In many settings, particularly Canada, the majority of overdose deaths occur indoors and impact structurally vulnerable people who use drugs alone, making targeted housing-based interventions a priority. Mobile applications have been developed that allow individuals to solicit help to prevent overdose death. We examine the experiences of women residents utilizing an overdose response button technology within a supportive housing environment. Methods In October 2019, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 14 residents of a women-only supportive housing building in an urban setting where the overdose response button technology was installed. Data was analyzed thematically and framed by theories of structural vulnerability. Results While participants described the utility and disadvantages of the technology for overdose response, most participants, unexpectedly described alternate adoptions of the technology. Participants used the technology for other emergency situations (e.g., gender-based violence), rather than its intended purpose of overdose response. Conclusions Our findings highlight the limitations of current technologies while also demonstrating the clear need for housing-based emergency response interventions that address not just overdose risk but also gender-based violence. These need to be implemented alongside larger strategies to address structural vulnerabilities and provide greater agency to marginalized women who use drugs.

Download Full-text

Explanatory Styles of Counsellors in Training

International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling ◽

10.1007/s10447-021-09429-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wanda Boyer ◽

Paul Jerry ◽

Gwen R. Rempel ◽

James Sanders

Keyword(s):

Positive Relationship ◽

Research Study ◽

Explanatory Style ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

First Year ◽

Client Outcomes ◽

Counsellor Training ◽

Training Time ◽

Positive Expectancy ◽

Explanatory Styles

AbstractExplanatory style is based on how one explains good and bad events according to three dimensions: personalization, permanence, and pervasiveness. With an optimistic explanatory style, good events are explained as personal, permanent, and pervasive, whereas bad events are explained as external, temporary, and specific. For counsellors, an optimistic explanatory style creates positive expectancy judgments about the possibilities and opportunities for successful client outcomes. In this research study, we explored the explanatory styles expressed in 400 events (200 good events and 200 bad events) extracted from 38,013 writing samples of first year and final year graduate level counsellors in training. Across the three optimism dimensions and within good and bad events, there was one occurrence of a positive relationship between counsellor training time and the amount of expressed optimism. The implications of this study include the need to cultivate optimistic explanatory styles of counsellors in training and practicing counsellors.

Download Full-text

Uncovering Burdens, Examining Needs, and Shedding Assumptions of Evidence-Based Social Support Programs for Mothers: A Descriptive Qualitative Study in a Remote Community

Global Qualitative Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/23333936211035747 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 233339362110357

Author(s):

Johanna R. Jahnke ◽

Julee Waldrop ◽

Alasia Ledford ◽

Beatriz Martinez

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Young Children ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Well Being ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Community Stakeholders ◽

Significant Burden ◽

Many Sources ◽

Evidence Based Programs

Many studies have demonstrated a significant burden of maternal stress and depression for women living on the Galápagos Islands. Here, we aim to uncover burdens and needs of women with young children on San Cristóbal Island and then explore options for implementing evidence-based programs of social support to meet these needs. We conducted 17 semi-structured qualitative interviews with mothers of young children, healthcare workers, and community stakeholders. We then used Summary Oral Reflective Analysis (SORA), an interactive methodology, for qualitative analysis. Despite initial reports of a low-stress environment, women described many sources of stress and concerns for their own and their children’s health and well-being. We uncovered three broad areas of need for mothers of young children: (1) the need for information and services, (2) the need for trust, and (3) the need for space. In response to these concerns, mothers, healthcare workers, and community leaders overwhelmingly agreed that a social support program would be beneficial for the health of mothers and young children. Still, they expressed concern over the feasibility of such a program. To address these feasibility concerns, we propose that a web-based education and social support intervention led by nurses would best meet mothers’ needs. Women could learn about child health and development, develop strong, trusting friendships with other mothers, and have their own space to speak freely among experts and peers.

Download Full-text