Evolution of methodology and reporting of emergency medicine quantitative research over a 20-year period

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Smith ◽  
Patrick Date ◽  
William Spencer ◽  
Erik de Tonnerre ◽  
David McDonald Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine trends over time in article origin, and article and methodology characteristics.MethodWe examined original research articles published every fifth year over a 20-year period (1997–2017) in six emergency medicine (EM) journals (Ann Emerg Med, Acad Emerg Med, Eur J Emerg Med, Emerg Med J, Am J Emerg Med, Emerg Med Australas). Explicit data extraction of 21 article characteristics was undertaken. These included regional contributions, specific article items and research methodology.Results2152 articles were included. Over the study period, the proportional contributions from the USA and the UK steadily fell while those from Australasia, Europe and ‘other’ countries increased (p<0.001). All specific article items increased (p<0.01). Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee approval and conflicts of interest were almost universal by 2017. There were substantial increases in the reporting of keywords and authorship contributions. The median (IQR) number of authors increased from 4 (2) in 1997 to 6 (3) in 2017 (p<0.001) and the proportion of female first authors increased from 24.3% to 34.2% (p<0.01). Multicentre and international collaborations, consecutive sampling, sample size calculations, inferential biostatistics and the reporting of CIs and p values all increased (p<0.001). There were decreases in the use of convenience sampling and blinding (p<0.001). The median (IQR) study sample size increased from 148 (470) to 349 (2225) (p<0.001).ConclusionTrends over time are apparent within the EM research literature. The dominance in contributions from the US and UK is being challenged. There is more reporting of research accountability and greater rigour in both research methodology and results presentation.

scholarly journals Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound Publication Trends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pattock ◽  
Michelle Kim ◽  
Cooper Kersey ◽  
Linda Liu ◽  
James Kirkpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (c-POCUS) is an increasingly implemented diagnostic tool with the potential to guide clinical management. We sought to characterize and analyze the existing c-POCUS literature with a focus on the temporal trends and differences across specialties. Methods: A literature search for c-POCUS and related terms was conducted using Ovid (MEDLINE and Embase) and Web of Science databases through 2020. Eligible publications were classified by publication type and topic, author specialty, geographical region of senior author, and journal specialty. Results: The initial search produced 1761 potential publications. A strict definition of c-POCUS yielded a final total of 574 cardiac POCUS manuscripts. A yearly increase in c-POCUS publications was observed. Nearly half of publications were original research (48.8%) followed by case report or series (22.8%). Most publications had an emergency medicine senior author (37.5%), followed by cardiology (20.2%), anesthesiology (12.2%), and critical care (12.2%). The proportion authored by emergency medicine and cardiologists has decreased over time while those by anesthesiology and critical care has generally increased, particularly over the last decade. First authorship demonstrated a similar trend. Articles were published at similar numbers in emergency medicine journals (23.0%) and cardiology journals (19.9%). Conclusion: The annual number of c-POCUS publications has steadily increased over time reflecting the increased recognition and utilization of c-POCUS. This study can help inform clinicians of the current state of c-POCUS and augment the discussion surrounding barriers to continued adoption across all specialties.

Trends in financial relationships between industry and individual medical oncologists in the United States from 2014 to 2017: A cohort study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6520-6520
Author(s):  
Deborah Catherine Marshall ◽  
Elizabeth Stieglitz Tarras ◽  
Kenneth Rosenzweig ◽  
Deborah Korenstein ◽  
Susan Chimonas
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Medical Oncologists ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Inappropriate Relationships ◽  
Open Payments ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Financial Relationships

6520 Background: Industry-physician financial relationships in medical oncology are common and introduce conflicts of interest. The Open Payments (OP) program collects and discloses data on industry payments to physicians, in part to discourage inappropriate relationships. However, the effect of OP on how oncologists engage with industry is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate trends in physician-level payments to test whether the implementation of OP has resulted in fewer physicians engaging with industry and has shifted the nature of interactions towards those considered more appropriate. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of US medical oncologists in 2014 from the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System. OP data for general (non-research) payments between 2014-2017 were matched to physician to evaluate receipt of payments over time. We calculated the percentage of physicians receiving payments, annual value and number of payments, and average annual trends over time, including by nature of payment. Results: From 2014-2017, medical oncologists received 1.4 million industry payments totaling $330.6 million. The absolute number of medical oncologists receiving payments decreased 4% on average annually ( P= .006), and proportionally from 67.2% to 59.6% overall. The value and number of payments have not significantly changed. The value and number of payments increased for accredited/certified CME (+821% and +209% annually) and decreased for non-accredited/certified CME (-18% and -25% annually). The value and number of food/beverage payments remained the same. The value and number of royalty/licensing payments increased. Conclusions: Fewer oncologists are receiving payments, but spending has not decreased suggesting that physicians are less likely to engage and industry is more selective. Increased payments for accredited CME suggest that less appropriate speaker’s fees are being avoided. Food/beverage payments are not decreasing, thus these interactions may not be recognized as problematic. Increasing royalty/licensing payments require ongoing scrutiny. Changes in physician payments since the inception of OP highlight the importance of transparency in policymaking.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Employee Retention in Zimbabwean Companies

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Gibbet Murambiwa Magaisa ◽  
Austin Musundire
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Retention Strategies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Inflation Rate ◽  
High Inflation

The decline of the Zimbabwean economy characterised by the high inflation rate has rendered it difficult for Zimbabwean manufacturing to retain talented employees. The quantitative research methodology was adopted in this paper. The sample size of the study comprised 100 respondents who were randomly selected from the manufacturing companies in Zimbabwe. The sample size of the study was made out of 10 managing directors 10 managers 10 supervisors and 70 employees drawn from the 50 manufacturing companies that were randomly selected. It was established that the companies are failing to retain talented employees and a lot of the employees are leaving the organisations. Retrenchments and restructurings have become the order of the day. The study recommended that employees needed to implement employee retention strategies to remain viable.

scholarly journals Quantitative Research: A Successful Investigation in Natural and Social Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haradhan Kumar Mohajan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Proper Choice ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
The Common ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
Larger Sample

Research is the framework used for the planning, implementation, and analysis of a study. The proper choice of a suitable research methodology can provide an effective and successful original research. A researcher can reach his/her expected goal by following any kind of research methodology. Quantitative research methodology is preferred by many researchers. This article presents and analyzes the design of quantitative research. It also discusses the proper use and the components of quantitative research methodology. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables and generalize results from a larger sample population by the way of generating numerical data. The purpose of this study is to provide some important fundamental concepts of quantitative research to the common readers for the development of their future projects, articles and/or theses. An attempt has been taken here to study the aspects of the quantitative research methodology in some detail.

Scope and nature of financial conflicts of interest between neurologists and industry

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 438-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel M. Robbins ◽  
Mark J. Meyer ◽  
James L. Bernat
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Financial Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Open Payments ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Financial Relationships

ObjectiveTo detail the scope and nature of financial conflicts of interest (COIs) between neurologists and the pharmaceutical and medical device industries (Industry) using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments (OP) database, with a focus on trends from 2013 to 2016.MethodsPayments from Industry to US neurologists were categorized into research payments, general (nonresearch) payments, and value of ownership in Industry. We performed descriptive analyses to detail the scope and nature of these relationships and trends over time.ResultsAt least 9,505 neurologists received at least one payment from Industry each year. From 2013 to 2016, 1.6 million payments totaled $354 million, of which 99.5% of payments and 85.6% of payment value were for general/nonresearch-related payments. Most neurologists (between 65% and 80%) received less than $1,000 per year, but over 200 neurologists each received more than $100,000 during some years. Several received over $1 million. General payments are increasing, research payments are steady, and neurologists' ownership and investments are decreasing.ConclusionsNeurologists have extensive financial relationships with Industry, though this is driven by a well-paid minority. As a profession, we must work to establish firm rules to manage these potential COIs, ensuring that relationships with Industry yield synergistic advances while minimizing bias and maintaining public trust.

scholarly journals Vaccine hesitancy in online spaces: A scoping review of the research literature, 2000-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Neff ◽  
Jonas Kaiser ◽  
Irene Pasquetto ◽  
Dariusz Jemielniak ◽  
Dimitra Dimitrakopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Disease Focus ◽  
Over Time

We review 100 articles published from 2000 to early 2020 that research aspects of vaccine hesitancy in online communication spaces and identify several gaps in the literature prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. These gaps relate to five areas: disciplinary focus; specific vaccine, condition, or disease focus; stakeholders and implications; research methodology; and geographical coverage. Our findings show that we entered the global pandemic vaccination effort without a thorough understanding of how levels of confidence and hesitancy might differ across conditions and vaccines, geographical areas, and platforms, or how they might change over time. In addition, little was known about the role of platforms, platforms’ politics, and specific sociotechnical affordances in the spread of vaccine hesitancy and the associated issue of misinformation online.

The Journal of Mental Health Counseling Publication Pattern Review: A Meta-Study of Author and Article Characteristics, 1994-2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Crockett ◽  
Rebekah Byrd ◽  
Bradley Erford
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Mental Health Counseling ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Publication Pattern ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Employment Setting ◽  
Over Time

Patterns of articles published in the Journal of Mental Health Counseling (JMHC) from 1994 through 2009 were reviewed. Characteristics of authors (e.g., sex, employment setting, nation of domicile) and articles (e.g., topic, type, design, sample, sample size, participant type, statistical procedures and sophistication) are described and analyzed for trends over time.

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