A non-inferiority study of the clinical effectiveness of anaesthesia obtained via application of a novel topical anaesthetic putty compared to infiltration of Lidocaine for the treatment of lacerations in the emergency department

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A1.4-A2
Author(s):  
Mark Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Topical Anaesthesia ◽  
Topical Anaesthetic ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: BackgroundThe standard treatment for lacerations in the Emergency Department is to use local anaesthetic to aid cleaning, analgesia and wound repair. The use of topical anaesthesia has not been widely accepted within clinical practice in the UK due to the lack of an appropriate delivery system. A new putty has been developed to deliver topical anaesthesia that can deliver lidocaine and then be removed intact from the wound in its entirety.AimTo assess the safety and efficacy of new topical Lidocaine putty in anaesthetising lacerations compared with standard Lidocaine injection. A secondary aim was to compare rates of wound infection and dehiscence between two groups.MethodsA non-inferiority randomised controlled trial comparing the anaesthesia obtained following application of topical anaesthetic gel to a laceration for 20 min compared with that obtained 10–15 min after infiltration with 1% w/v Lidocaine into the wound edges. Pain scores were assessed for the wound repair using visual analogue scales. Follow-up information regarding wound infection, wound dehiscence and wound appearance was performed 7–10 days later.ResultsSixty seven patients were recruited. Thirty four were in the Lidocaine gel group and 33 in the Lidocaine infiltration group. Pain scores were collected for both groups: the study group (range 0–7, mean 1.5) and control group (range 0–5, mean 1.1) showed no significant difference (p=0.29). Three patients in the control group required rescue anaesthesia and three patients in the study group required rescue anaesthesia. Two patients in the control group developed wound infection and one patient in the control group had wound dehiscence. In the study group two patients developed wound infection.ConclusionThe use of a new topical anaesthetic putty is as effective for analgesia and wound repair as infiltration with 1% Lidocaine.

scholarly journals Frequency-Following Response (FFR) in Military Pilots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Maria Martins-Moreira ◽  
Alessandra Spada Durante
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Aircraft Accidents ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Right ◽  
Military Pilots

Abstract Introduction Good hearing in pilots, including central auditory skills, is critical for flight safety and the prevention of aircraft accidents. Pure tone audiometry alone may not be enough to assess hearing in the members of this population who, in addition to high noise levels, routinely face speech recognition tasks in non-ideal conditions. Objective To characterize the frequency-following response (FFR) of a group of military pilots compared with a control group. Methods Twenty military pilots in the Study Group and 20 non-pilot military personnel, not exposed to noise in their work, in the Control Group, all with normal hearing, aged between 30 and 40 years old, completed a questionnaire to assess their hearing habits, and their FFRs were measured with a /da/ syllable (duration 40 milliseconds, speed 10.9/s), at 80 dB NA in the right ear. All procedures were approved by the ethical committee of the institution. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-Student or Mann-Whitney tests for quantitative variables, and the Fisher or chi-squared tests for qualitative variables, and a value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results There was no significant difference between the groups regarding auditory habits. In the FFR, wave amplitudes A (p = 0.01) and C (p = 0.04) were significantly lower in the Study Group. Conclusion Working as a military pilot can be a crucial factor in determining an individual's typical FFR pattern, demonstrated in the present study by statistically significant reductions in the amplitudes of the A and C waves.

scholarly journals Cytokine profiles and Lactobacillus species presence in pre-menopausal subjects with genital Mycoplasma genitalium or Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174550652110091
Author(s):  
John Garza ◽  
Kushal Gandhi ◽  
Sarah Choi ◽  
Asley Sanchez ◽  
Gary Ventolini
Keyword(s):  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Purpose: Lactobacilli play a vital role in protecting the vagina against pathogens. Cytokines are vital components of defense against infections in women. The genital mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum, are associated with various infectious diseases in adults and infants. The objective of our study is to identify differences in cytokine profile and Lactobacillus species dominance between a study group of non-pregnant pre-menopausal women with genital M. genitalium or U. urealyticum colonization and a control group of non-pregnant pre-menopausal women without genital M. genitalium or U. urealyticum colonization. Methods: A real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure Lactobacillus species in vaginal swab samples. Cytokine analysis was performed using multiplex immunoassay techniques. Analysis of variance confirmed a significant difference in cytokine profiles between patient groups, with t-tests identifying the most significantly different cytokines. Categorical data analysis identified significant patterns of relative Lactobacillus species dominance in the study group. Results: Lactobacillus iners was the predominant Lactobacillus species in the control group ( p = 0.005). There were no dominant Lactobacillus species observed in the study group. Vascular endothelial growth factor A ( p = 0.002), interleukin-8 ( p = 0.001), and interleukin-1β ( p = 0.049) were expressed significantly higher in the study group, whereas interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ( p < 0.001), interleukin-10 ( p = 0.001), interleukin-12 ( p = 0.002), and interferon-γ ( p = 0.022) were expressed higher in the control group. Association matrices for cytokines were significantly different between two groups ( p < 0.001), with mostly negative associations in the control group and mostly positive associations in the study group. Conclusion: Cytokine levels, their associations, and the patterns of Lactobacillus species dominance are observed to significantly diverge on the basis of M. genitalium and U. urealyticum colonization among non-pregnant pre-menopausal women.

Impression cytology and meibomian glands in conjunctivochalasis

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110087
Author(s):  
Ersin Muhafiz ◽  
Erdinç Bozkurt ◽  
Remzi Erten
Keyword(s):  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Impression Cytology ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meibomian Glands ◽  
And Control ◽  
Margin Cytology

Purpose: To evaluate the tear parameters, meibomian glands and lid margin and tarsal conjunctival impression cytology in patients with conjunctivochalasis (CCH). Methods: The study included 57 patients diagnosed with CCH and 35 healthy volunteers. Tear break-up time (TBUT) was measured and Schirmer test was performed. Meibomian gland morphologies, dropout rates, and meiboscores were evaluated using meibography. Finally, impression cytology samples were taken by pressing the impression filters on the lower lid margin and lower tarsal conjunctiva. The samples were evaluated according to the Nelson grading system. Results: Schirmer test was longer and TBUT was shorter in the study group ( p = 0.035 and p < 0.001, respectively). The median of meibomian gland dropout rate was 33.45% (Interquartile range [IQR]; 23.17%–49.75%) and 18.80% (IQR; 12.35%–26.50%) in the study and control groups, respectively ( p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in terms of lid-margin cytology between the two groups ( p = 0.481). In tarsal conjunctiva cytology, the median value of Nelson grade of the study group was 2 (IQR; 1–2) and that of the control group was 1 (IQR; 1–2) ( p = 0.040). When Nelson grade-2 and above was accepted as the pathological limit, it was found that 27.5% of the study group and 15.2% of the control group showed pathological findings ( p = 0.204). Conclusions: In patients with CCH, damage occurs in the tarsal conjunctiva with the effects of redundant conjunctival folds. In these patients, atrophy occurs in the meibomian glands and tear stability is impaired. Therefore, CCH should not be overlooked in clinical practice.

Effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing at old age home

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Raj ◽  
Subramaniam Santhi ◽  
G. J. Sara Sapharina
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Interventional Group ◽  
Old Age Homes

AbstractObjectivesThis study finds out the effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing in old age homes.MethodsThe non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection. Wechsler's memory scale (WMS-IV) and Geriatric depression scale (GDS) were the instruments used to assess the memory and depression among elderly during the pretest and posttest, respectively and the researcher had developed data sheet to collect information about the background variables using interview technique.ResultsThe neurobic exercise program was found to be effective in reducing depression among elderly residing in old age homes. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the level of depression had been found during the pretest and posttest in the interventional group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) found between the study group and in the control group. There was significant correlation (r=0.417, p<0.05) found between the memory and depression during the pretest in the study group among the elderly. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) found in the mean scores of depression and marital status of the elderly during the pretest in the study group and there was a significant association (p<0.01) found in the mean scores of depression and the gender of the elderly during the pretest and posttest in the non interventional group were found.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that neurobic exercise program is an effective intervention in improving memory and reducing depression.

Does laryngopharyngeal reflux affect healing and recovery after tonsillectomy?

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Elwany ◽  
Y A Nour ◽  
E A Magdy
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Control Group Group

AbstractIntroduction:Laryngopharyngeal reflux is increasingly being implicated in several otolaryngological disorders.Aims:To study a potential correlation between pre-operative laryngopharyngeal reflux and wound healing and recovery after tonsillectomy, based on subjective and objective findings.Materials and methods:A prospective, blinded study was undertaken, including 60 patients scheduled for tonsillectomy, divided into two equal groups: a study group (group A) with pre-operative laryngopharyngeal reflux documented using ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring; and a control group (group B) without laryngopharyngeal reflux.Results:Group A had significantly higher pain scores on the seventh and 14th post-operative days (p = 0.022 and p = 0.000, respectively) and took a significantly longer time to return to normal eating (p = 0.013), compared with group B. Group A also showed significantly slower healing on the seventh and 14th post-operative days, as estimated by assessing the grade of post-operative slough formation (p = 0.016 and p = 0.029, respectively). A significant correlation between the number of pharyngeal reflux episodes and the degree of post-operative slough was also found.Conclusions:Laryngopharyngeal reflux can significantly decrease wound healing following tonsillectomy. Therefore, pre-operative recognition and management of this condition is desirable in order to eliminate its negative post-operative effect.

Effect of Aerosol Inhalation of Budesonide Suspension on Clinical Efficacy, Remission Time of Asthma and Disappearance Time of Rales in Children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3057-3062
Author(s):  
TingTing Zheng ◽  
XiNi Liu ◽  
Xuechun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Aerosol Inhalation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disappearance Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

To investigate the effect of aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension on clinical efficacy, remission time of asthma and disappearance time of rales in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods: 100 cases of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in our hospital from February 2019 to February 2021 were randomly divided into study group (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). The control group was given azithromycin intravenous drip followed by oral treatment, and the study group was given aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension on the basis of the control group. Results: Compared with the control group, disappearance time of rales in the study group, remission time of cough, remission time of asthma and time of hospitalization in the study group were relatively short (P<0.05), and the efficacy in the study group was relatively high (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and hoarseness between the two groups (P>0.05). The improvement of FVCS FEV1 and PEF and other indexes was relatively high in the study group by comparing with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia can effectively enhance the therapeutic effect, promote the improvement of lung function, and reduce the disappearance time of rales and remission time of asthma, so it can be popularized.

The effects of breathing exercises on respiratory functions, functional capacity and quality of life in vehicle spray painters

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Burak Yilmaz ◽  
Cagtay Maden ◽  
Begümhan Turhan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Respiratory Exercises

Background/aims Workers engaged in vehicle spray painting are at a risk of developing respiratory problems because of the solvents in the spray paints. Changes in respiratory functions and functional capacities caused by spray painting can be improved with respiratory exercises. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of respiratory exercises on the respiratory functions, functional capacity and quality of life in vehicle spray painters. Methods A total of 70 volunteers with similar characteristics participated in the study. The groups were divided into two groups randomly (35 study group, 35 control group). Respiratory functions (value of forced expiratory volume percentage in 1 second [FEV1]), forced vital capacity percentage [FVC], FEV1/FVC percentage, peak expiratory flow percentage [PEF (%)] and maximum voluntary ventilation percentage [MVV (%)]), functional capacity (6-Minute Walk Test) and quality of life (Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]) were evaluated. The study group undertook supervised breathing exercises 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The same exercises were given to the control group as a home programme. Home programmes were followed up by telephone calls. Evaluations were performed again after 6 weeks. Results In the study group, FEV1 (%) increased more than in the control group (P<0.05). The increase in PEF (%) was similar in both groups (P>0.05). In the study group, FEV1/FVC (%) and MVV (%) were significantly different before and after the intervention (P<0.05), but there was no difference in the control group (P>0.05). There was a greater increase in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05). 6-Minute Walk Test distance (m) before and after the intervention in both groups were similar (P>0.05). Before and after the intervention, a significant difference was found in the vitality and the social function domains of the SF-36 in the study group. In the comparisons of groups, a significant difference was found in the study group in the role-emotional, social function and bodily pain domains of the SF-36 after the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusions Breathing exercises can be recommended for vehicle spray painters to avoid an increase in respiratory resistance and to improve their quality of life.

Oral paracetamol versus zolmitriptan to treat acute migraine attack in the emergency department

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rescue Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acute Migraine ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Treatment provided in an emergency department is aimed at alleviating pain immediately with minimized adverse effects as well as warding off further migraine attacks. The primary aim of this article is to compare the effectiveness of oral paracetamol versus zolmitriptan in treating acute migraine attacks. Methods: This prospective, randomized, and controlled study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital visited by 95,000 patients annually. The study recruited 200 participants who were randomized into two groups. One group received 1000 mg paracetamol while the other group received 2.5 mg zolmitriptan orally. Baseline pain scores were recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at 15, 30 and at 60 min following administration of the study drugs. Patients requiring further treatment were provided fentanyl at a dosage of 1 µg/kg as a rescue therapy. Results: A significant decrease was evident in VAS and NRS scores following the administration of the study drugs in both groups (P < 0.001). The change in VAS pain scores after 15, 30 and 60 min was calculated as 17.0 ± 13.9, 41.2 ± 16.3 and 61.2 ± 17.5 mm, respectively, in the paracetamol group and 14.2 ± 11.7, 39.2 ± 17.9 and 59.2± 19.3 mm, respectively, in the zolmitriptan group, which did not indicate significant differences (P = 0.103, P = 0.425, P = 0.483, respectively). Likewise, NRS pain scores showed a downward trend in line with VAS pain scores and did not yield a significant difference (P = 0.422). No significant difference concerning rescue therapy was noted between the two groups (P = 0.596). Conclusion: Oral paracetamol and zolmitriptan prove to be similarly effective and have low incidence of acute side effects in treating acute migraine cases without aura.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Antipyretic with Tepid Sponging Versus Antipyretic Alone in Febrile Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Chetak Kadbasal Basavaraj ◽  
Shyamala Gowri Pocha ◽  
Ravi Mandyam Dhati
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Axillary Temperature ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Fever is the most common presenting complain for which children are brought to the paediatrician.Physical methods are widely used in treating febrile children, tepid sponging being commonly practiced in hospitals along with antipyretics. The objectives of this study were to compare the effectiveness of tepid sponging and antipyretic drug versus antipyretic drug alone in febrile children.Material and Methods: This was a Randomized controlled trial done in JSS Medical College and Hospital. All children under the age of 6 months to 12 years, admitted with axillary temperature of >99oF were included in the study. A total of 500 children were included over two years study period. Children with recorded axillary temperature of >990F were randomized into control and study group by computer generated randomisation. Children in the control group received only paracetamol (15mg/kg) at 5 minutes and combined group received paracetamol and tepid sponging at five minutes. Axillary temperature was monitored every 15 minutes for a period of 2 hours in both the groups.Results: There is no significant difference in reduction of temperature between the two groups by the end of two hours. Children in combined group had a higher level of discomfort than those in only antipyretic group.Conclusion: Tepid sponging does not add to the efficacy of paracetamol in antipyresis and that addition of tepid sponging to antipyretic, results in additional discomfort for the child. This study, therefore, endorses the view that antipyretic alone without tepid sponging should be the modality of therapy in children with fever.  

Comparative study of episiotomy repair: absorbable synthetic versus chromic catgut suture material

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2186
Author(s):  
Devika Perumal ◽  
Divya Selvaraju
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Suture Material ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Chromic Catgut ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absorbable Suture ◽  
Perineal Laceration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The choice of suture material for repair of episiotomy or perineal laceration is largely of one’s personal preference. Chromic catgut was widely used in most institutions. It now appears that chromic catgut is associated with more postpartum discomfort and hence chromic catgut has been largely replaced by synthetic absorbable materials like polyglactin and polyglycolic acid.Methods: The study was conducted in Institute of Social Obstetrics and Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital, Chennai. This is a prospective, comparative study involving two groups. The use of a rapidly absorbing form of synthetic absorbable suture material, in the repair of episiotomy or perineal laceration in 100 patients during the study period February 2012 to July 2012, were simultaneously compared with the traditional natural absorbable suture material.Results: With the use of rapidly absorbing polyglactin 910, there was a significant reduction (p=0.000) in the short-term pain, 19 compared to 80 in the control group. With regard to wound dehiscence and the need for resuturing, there was statistically significant difference in the control group (15%) compared to the study group (0%). There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of dyspareunia (12.4% vs 10.7%).Conclusions: Fast-absorbing form of Polyglactin seems to be effective in reducing some of the morbidity associated with perineal repair following childbirth. There was significant reduction in the short-term pain and the need for analgesia. The incidence of wound dehiscence was markedly reduced.

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