From DSM-IV to DSM-5: an interim report from a cultural psychiatry perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Krishan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cultural Psychiatry ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

SummaryIn July 2012, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) closed its final commenting period on draft criteria for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), slated for publication in May 2013. DSM-5 raises familiar questions about the cultural assumptions of proposed diagnoses, the scientific evidence base of these criteria and their validity in international settings. I review these issues since the publication of DSM-IV. I assess the cultural validity of DSM-5 and suggest areas of improvement.

scholarly journals Prevalence and stability of insomnia from preschool to early adolescence: a prospective cohort study in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000660
Author(s):  
Jonas Falch-Madsen ◽  
Lars Wichstrøm ◽  
Ståle Pallesen ◽  
Silje Steinsbekk
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Time Point

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge about the prevalence and stability of insomnia defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). We therefore provide such estimates from preschool to early adolescence and explore potential sex differences.MethodsWe followed a representative community sample (n=1037) biennially from 4 to 14 years of age (2007–2017). Insomnia diagnoses and symptoms were captured by a semistructured clinical interview of parents and children (from age 8 years).ResultsAt ages 4 and 6 years approximately 2.5% of children met the criteria for insomnia, whereas at ages 8, 10, 12 and 14 years the prevalence ranged from 7.5% to 12.3%. During the 10-year period examined nearly 1 in 5 children had insomnia at least once (18.7%). Sex differences were apparent with DSM-IV, but not DSM-5, criteria: boys (8.1%) had more insomnia than girls (4.5%) did at ages 4–10 years, whereas girls (11.4%) had more insomnia than boys (7.1%) did at ages 12 and 14 years. Insomnia proved stable, with 22.9%–40.1% of children retaining their diagnosis 2 years later. Having current insomnia produced medium to large ORs of between 5.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 9.8) and 15.3 (95% CI 4.4 to 52.9) for subsequent insomnia 2 years later compared with not having preceding insomnia.ConclusionsInsomnia was less prevalent than previous research indicates, with nearly 1 in 5 participants having insomnia at least once between the ages of 4 and 14 years. Female preponderance emerged in early adolescence. Having insomnia at one time point was a considerable risk for subsequent insomnia, indicating that insomnia is persistent and warrants clinical attention.

The critical reception of the DSM-5: Towards a typology of audiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 932-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Roy ◽  
Marie-Pier Rivest ◽  
Dahlia Namian ◽  
Nicolas Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Reception Theory ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Academic Publications

Since its initial publication, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has been the object of criticism which has led to regular revisions by the American Psychiatric Association. This article analyses the debates that surrounded the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Building on the concepts of public arenas and reception theory, it explores the meaning encoded in the manual by audiences. Our results, which draw from a thematic analysis of traditional and digital media sources, identify eight audiences that react to the American Psychiatric Association’s narrative of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.): conformist, reformist, humanist, culturalist, naturalist, conflictual, constructivist and utilitarian. While some of their claims present argumentative polarities, others overlap, thus challenging the idea, often presented in academic publications, of a fixed debate. In order to further discuss on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, we draw attention to claims that ‘travel’ across different communities of audiences.

Eating Disorders

2014 ◽  
pp. 391-409
Author(s):  
Robyn Sysko ◽  
G. Terence Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Dsm Iv

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) describes two eating disorder diagnoses, anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Provisional criteria are also provided in DSM-IV for binge eating disorder (BED), which is an example of an eating disorder not otherwise specified. This chapter presents a summary and synthesis of research related to the clinical features and treatment of AN, BN, and BED, including studies of prevalence, common comorbidities, and treatment efficacy. Both psychological and pharmacological treatments are reviewed, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, family therapy, and the use of antidepressant medications. Recommendations are made for future research across the eating disorders.

To ID or Not to ID? Changes in Classification Rates of Intellectual Disability Using DSM-5

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimilia Papazoglou ◽  
Lisa A. Jacobson ◽  
Marie McCabe ◽  
Walter Kaufmann ◽  
T. Andrew Zabel
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Adaptive Behavior Assessment System ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adaptive Skill

Abstract The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability (ID) include a change to the definition of adaptive impairment. New criteria require impairment in one adaptive domain rather than two or more skill areas. The authors examined the diagnostic implications of using a popular adaptive skill inventory, the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System–Second Edition, with 884 clinically referred children (ages 6–16). One hundred sixty-six children met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ID; significantly fewer (n  =  151, p  =  .001) met ID criteria under DSM-5 (9% decrease). Implementation of DSM-5 criteria for ID may substantively change the rate of ID diagnosis. These findings highlight the need for a combination of psychometric assessment and clinical judgment when implementing the adaptive deficits component of the DSM-5 criteria for ID diagnosis.

The Impact of DSM-5 A-Criteria Changes on Parent Ratings of ADHD in Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Sibley ◽  
Carlos E. Yeguez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Parent Ratings ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Objective: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) A-criteria for ADHD were expanded to include new descriptors referencing adolescent and adult symptom manifestations. This study examines the effect of these changes on symptom endorsement in a sample of adolescents with ADHD (N = 259; age range = 10.72-16.70). Method: Parent ratings were collected and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) and DSM-5 endorsement of ADHD symptoms were compared. Results: Under the DSM-5, there were significant increases in reported inattention, but not hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) symptoms, with specific elevations for certain symptoms. The average adolescent met criteria for less than one additional symptom under the DSM-5, but the correlation between ADHD symptoms and impairment was attenuated when using the DSM-5 items. Impulsivity items appeared to represent adolescent deficits better than hyperactivity items. Results were not moderated by demographic factors. Conclusion: In a sample of adolescents with well-diagnosed DSM-IV-TR ADHD, developmental symptom descriptors led parents to endorse slightly more symptoms of inattention, but this elevation is unlikely to be clinically meaningful.

scholarly journals 1482Comparative epidemiology analysis of major depressive disorder with DSM-5 and DSM-IV criteria in high-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Thakur ◽  
Swarali Tadwalkar
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Access ◽  
High Income ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Background Depression is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) there were a few changes in the inclusion criteria but there is a limited literature to quantify this change. Methods We conducted a literature review using PubMed and Clarivate’s Cortellis database from 1/1/2008 to 7/4/2020, to identify the country-specific total prevalence of MDD according to the DSM-5 and DSM-IV in nine high-income countries. In countries lacking published prevalence estimates according to DSM-5 criteria, we derived DSM-5 prevalence estimates by multiplying the country-specific DSM-IV data with the ratio of DSM-5 to DSM-IV prevalence in countries with comparable risk factors and healthcare access. Results Changes in the criteria between the DSM-IV and DSM-5, resulted in a substantial increase (30%) in the MDD patient counts across the countries under study ranging from 0.1 million patients in New Zealand to 5.8 million in United States. Conclusions Total prevalent cases of MDD increased after the introduction of DSM-5 criteria because of the changes in the inclusion criteria. Elimination of bereavement as the exclusion criteria was one of the key changes which resulted in more patients becoming eligible for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. Key messages This analysis provides a comparative insight into the effect of change in the DSM-IV to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria on the MDD patient counts which is not reported frequently in the published literature.

scholarly journals Perilaku Abnormal Tokoh dalam Antologi Cerpen Bingung Karya Mahasiswa Psikologi UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-682
Author(s):  
Rofiad Darojad Diyaningsih ◽  
Yuni Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract: This study aims to describe the forms of abnormal behavior, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior in the anthology of Bingung short stories. This is qualitative research using a literary psychology approach with the object of the study being the anthology of Bingung short stories written by the student of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. There are 22 short stories in the anthology, 17 of which meet the criteria. The criteria for analysis are stories presenting a character with abnormal behavior. The behaviors being observed are those in accordance with the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) classification published by the APA (American Psychiatric Association). The results of this study indicate, first, that there are four types of abnormal behavior in the anthology, namely (1) anxiety disorders, (2) schizophrenia disorders, (3) dissociative disorders, and (4) abnormal behavior in childhood and adolescence. Second, the causes and treatment of abnormal behavior include (1) causes and treatment of anxiety disorders, (2) causes and treatment of schizophrenia, (3) causes and treatment of abnormal behavior in childhood and adolescence. Keywords: abnormal behavior; characters; the anthology of Bingung short stories Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk perilaku abnormal, penyebab, dan penanganan perilaku abnormal dalam antologi cerpen Bingung. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan psikologi sastra dengan objek kajian antologi cerpen Bingung karya mahasiswa UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Terdapat 22 cerpen dalam antologi cerpen Bingung, 17 diantaranya merupakan cerpen yang memenuhi kriteria untuk diteliti. Kriteria cerpen yang diteliti adalah cerpen yang di dalamnya menceritakan seorang tokoh berperilaku abnormal dengan bentuk-bentuk perilaku abnormal yang sesuai dengan pedoman penggolongan perilaku abnormal DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) yang diterbitkan oleh APA (American Psychiatric Association). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, pertama, adanya empat tipe perilaku abnormal dalam antologi cerpen Bingung, yaitu (1) gangguan kecemasan, (2) gangguan skizofrenia, (3) gangguan disosiatif, (4) perilaku abnormal pada masa kanak-kanak dan remaja. Kedua, Penyebab dan penanganan perilaku abnormal meliputi (1) penyebab dan penanganan gangguan kecemasan, (2) penyebab dan penanganan pada gangguan skizofrenia, (3) penyebab dan penanganan pada perilaku abnormal pada masa kanak-kanak dan remaja. Kata kunci: perilaku abnormal; tokoh; antologi cerpen bingung

scholarly journals Validity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for nicotine use disorder: results from 734 Israeli lifetime smokers

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2179-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shmulewitz ◽  
M. M. Wall ◽  
E. Aharonovich ◽  
B. Spivak ◽  
A. Weizman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Hazardous Use

BackgroundThe fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) proposes aligning nicotine use disorder (NUD) criteria with those for other substances, by including the current DSM fourth edition (DSM-IV) nicotine dependence (ND) criteria, three abuse criteria (neglect roles, hazardous use, interpersonal problems) and craving. Although NUD criteria indicate one latent trait, evidence is lacking on: (1) validity of each criterion; (2) validity of the criteria as a set; (3) comparative validity between DSM-5 NUD and DSM-IV ND criterion sets; and (4) NUD prevalence.MethodNicotine criteria (DSM-IV ND, abuse and craving) and external validators (e.g. smoking soon after awakening, number of cigarettes per day) were assessed with a structured interview in 734 lifetime smokers from an Israeli household sample. Regression analysis evaluated the association between validators and each criterion. Receiver operating characteristic analysis assessed the association of the validators with the DSM-5 NUD set (number of criteria endorsed) and tested whether DSM-5 or DSM-IV provided the most discriminating criterion set. Changes in prevalence were examined.ResultsEach DSM-5 NUD criterion was significantly associated with the validators, with strength of associations similar across the criteria. As a set, DSM-5 criteria were significantly associated with the validators, were significantly more discriminating than DSM-IV ND criteria, and led to increased prevalence of binary NUD (two or more criteria) over ND.ConclusionsAll findings address previous concerns about the DSM-IV nicotine diagnosis and its criteria and support the proposed changes for DSM-5 NUD, which should result in improved diagnosis of nicotine disorders.

Treatment of Internet Addiction

2019 ◽  
pp. 675-700
Author(s):  
Libi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The birth of the Internet in 1969 has changed people's lives immensely in the past 48 years. Over the years, this invention has brought people connection, information, communication, business, entertainment, and so forth; however, researchers have found the impact of the Internet's byproduct, namely Internet addiction, in the past two decades as well. It was argued that Internet addiction might be detrimental to people's mental and physical health. The problem is that Internet addiction is not clearly defined, nor has it been included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by American Psychiatric Association. If the definition is not clear and the symptoms are varied, the treatment for Internet addiction would become an issue. In this chapter, the researcher will focus on different approaches to the treatment of Internet addiction based on research after reviewing the definitions, theories, causes, consequences, and symptoms of Internet addiction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document