Identifying a gap in drowning prevention: high-risk populations

IntroductionSome populations have been less susceptible to reductions in drowning than others. It has been hypothesised that this is due to prevention strategies failing to account for the influence of social determinants (such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status). Populations such as ethnic minorities have been over-represented in injury statistics, however this is not well explored in drowning. This study aims to identify high-risk populations for drowning, risk factors and prevention strategies.MethodsA literature review undertaken systematically using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach was conducted of peer-reviewed literature in English, published between 1990 and 2018 from high-income countries. Search terms included drowning, water safety, ethnic minority, migrant, and culturally diverse.ResultsIn total, 35 articles were included. High-risk populations identified were: ethnic minorities, First Nations/Aboriginal people, migrants and rural residents. Over half (51%) focused on children (0–18 years). Risk factors included social determinants, swimming ability and knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. Four intervention studies were found; two focused on upskilling adults from high-risk populations to increase employment opportunities within the aquatic industry; an evaluation of a 10-year rock fishing safety education project and a learn-to-swim programme for minority children. Proposed prevention strategies included education, practical skills, research, policy and engagement.DiscussionLimited literature exists pertaining to drowning among adults from high-risk populations. There is a need to increase the sophistication of drowning prevention strategies addressing the disparities in drowning from a culturally appropriate perspective. Acknowledging the role of the social determinants of health in drowning prevention is essential in order to improve drowning outcomes for high-risk populations globally.

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8B.003 The value of drowning prevention programs for ‘high-risk’ populations in Australia

10.1136/injuryprev-2021-safety.193 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stacey Willcox-Pidgeon ◽

Richard Franklin ◽

Peter Leggat ◽

Sue Devine ◽

Justin Scarr

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Drowning Prevention ◽

High Risk Populations

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Relapse Prevention

Managing Your Substance Use Disorder ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190926670.003.0016 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 127-134

Author(s):

Dennis C. Daley ◽

Antoine Douaihy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use ◽

High Risk ◽

Relapse Prevention ◽

Warning Signs ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

High Risk Factors ◽

Initial Episode ◽

The Difference ◽

A Chain

A lapse refers to an initial episode of substance use following a period of abstinence. A lapse may or may not lead to more substance use. Clients always run the risk that a lapse will turn into a relapse, in which they continue to use alcohol or other drugs. A lapse or relapse is the last link in a chain of decisions, and how one responds to an initial lapse has a big impact on whether or not one has a full-blown relapse. The goals of this chapter are to understand the difference between lapse and relapse, to learn about relapse prevention strategies, and to learn to identify and manage relapse warning signs and high-risk factors.

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Pathogenesis and prevention strategies for equine tendinopathy

Revista Ciencias Veterinarias ◽

10.15359/rcv.37-3.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 18-19

Author(s):

Roger K.W. Smith

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High Risk ◽

Flexor Tendon ◽

High Impact ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Suspensory Ligament ◽

High Risk Factors ◽

Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽

External Trauma

Equine tendinopathy arises through two main mechanisms – external trauma or overstrain injury. The pathogenesis of the former is straight forward and prevention relies on avoiding risk factors for palmar/plantar lacerations and protecting the tendons through the use of boots. For over-strain injuries, these mostly arise from overloading of the distal limb resulting in mid-substance tearing of the digital flexor tendons or borders tears of the deep digital flexor tendon within the confines of the digital sheath and navicular bursa. While some of these injuries may be spontaneous injuries associated solely with overload (such as the intra-thecal injuries of the deep digital flexor tendon), it is widely accepted that most overstrain injuries of the superficial digital flexor tendon (and suspensory ligament) occur as a result of accumulated microdamage which predisposes the tendon to over-strain injury. The mechanisms of this accumulated microdamage are poorly understood but probably relate to the effect of high impact loading of the tendon, sustained during normal exercise, which drives degradative changes in the tendon fascicles (Dudhia et al. 2007) and, in particular, the interfascicular matrix (endotenon) that allows the fascicles to slide past one another as a mechanism for the spring-like extension of the tendon under load (Thorpe et al. 2013). This is compounded by the lack of adaptive remodelling in adult tendon (Smith et al. 2002). This subclinical damage makes the tendon prone to sudden tearing of the tendon matrix during normal exercise, the risk of which is increased by factors such as the firmness of the ground, weight, speed, and fatigue. Strategies for prevention of injury rely on identifying at risk individuals through more sensitive monitoring of tendon health, maximising the quality of tendon during growth using carefully tailored ‘conditioning’ exercise regimes (Smith & Goodship 2008), reducing the degeneration induced by normal training and competition, and avoiding high risk factors for the initiation of the clinical injury.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Antibodies Among Low- and High-Risk Populations in Indonesia

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

10.1097/01.olq.0000230427.01727.80 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 132-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stephen C. Davies ◽

Janette A. Taylor ◽

Endang R. Sedyaningsih-Mamahit ◽

Suriadi Gunawan ◽

Anthony L. Cunningham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

High Risk ◽

Virus Type ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

Simplex Virus

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THE PREDICTING FACTORS FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AMONG HIGH-RISK POPULATION IN LOWER NORTHERN, THAILAND

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine ◽

10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.2/art.357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 268-275

Author(s):

Primprapha Konkaew ◽

Pattama Suphunnakul

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Health Literacy ◽

High Risk ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risk Population ◽

High Risk Populations

This research aimed to explore the factors predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the high-risk population. A cross-sectional study had been conducted in the high-risk populations investigated with and without CKD were the participants. A total of 1,463 samples was enrolled by a multistage sampling technique was used to recruit participants from five provinces in the lower northern of Thailand. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regression. The results were revealed the risk factors affecting CKD including aged, dyslipidemia, being ill of diabetes mellitus, being unable to control blood pressure, being unable to control blood sugar level, taking add more salty seasoning to the cooked food, cooking with sodium salt over the prescribed amount, using the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, lack of exercise, herbal plants consumption as drugs that are toxic to the kidney, edema, foamy urine, and nocturia. All risk factors were able to co-predict the risk to CKD about 83.2% at the 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, to prevent early states with CKD in the high-risk populations, the focus should be on encouraging health literacy because health literary it has a positive relationship with health-promoting behaviors. The health care provider needs to concentrate on increasing health literacy for self– management with them.

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Chronic bronchitis in Aboriginal people—prevalence and associated factors

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.33.4.03 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 218-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S Konrad ◽

A Hossain ◽

A Senthilselvan ◽

JA Dosman ◽

MD Pahwa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

First Nations ◽

Chronic Bronchitis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Aboriginal People ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Aboriginal Peoples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Introduction Knowledge about chronic bronchitis (CB) among Aboriginal people in Canada is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CB and its associated factors among Aboriginal people aged 15 years plus. Methods Logistic regression analysis was used on data from the cross-sectional 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey to determine risk factors associated with CB. Results CB prevalence was 6.6% among First Nations, 6.2% among Métis and 2.4% among Inuit. Prevalence was higher among females than males (7.2% versus 5.0%). Individuals with CB were more likely to be older, living at a lower income, with a lower educational attainment and residing in rural areas. Smoking status and body mass index were also significantly associated with CB, but their effect differed by sex. Obesity was particularly significantly associated with CB among females compared with males, and current smoking and non-smoking status was significantly associated with CB among females but not males. Conclusion These findings identify factors associated with CB among Aboriginal people. As such, they may represent potentially preventable risk factors that can inform health promotion and disease prevention practices.

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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among High-Risk Populations in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.783654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Fanzhen Mao ◽

Yougui Yang ◽

Yuying Chen ◽

Qiang Zhang ◽

Xin Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High Risk ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Eastern China ◽

Jiangsu Province ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Livestock Breeding ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

Hiv Aids

Toxoplasma gondii, an opportunistic protozoan, infects one-third of people worldwide and could lead to serious outcomes in immunodeficient or immunocompromised populations. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for T. gondii infection among high-risk populations in Jiangsu Province, eastern China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 4 categories of populations in 13 prefectures including HIV/AIDS patients, livestock breeding/processing (B/P) staff, pregnant women, and cancer patients. We detected specific immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) levels for each participant using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and asked to complete a questionnaire for each participant that covered sociodemographic information as well as the basic knowledge of attitudes toward and the practices for the prevention of toxoplasmosis. A total of 5231 participants distributed across 13 prefecture-level cities was surveyed, including 2455 males and 2776 females. Total seropositivity rate in each population category was as follows: 9.08% (HIV/AIDS patients), 11.65% (livestock B/P staff), 5.50% (pregnant women), and 12.89% (cancer patients). We detected IgM positivity in HIV/AIDS patients (0.47%, 6/1289), livestock B/P staff (0.08%, 1/1330), and cancer patients (0.46%, 6/1303) but not in pregnant women. Further, we detected IgM+IgG positivity only in cancer patients (0.31%, 4/1303). The seropositivity rate for pregnant women was significantly lower, while cancer patients were significantly higher. Higher educational levels were associated with lower seropositivity rates for T. gondii infection. High seropositivity rates were associated with long period of HIV infection among HIV/AIDS patients, frequent contact with livestock among livestock breeding/processing staff and male older patients among cancer patients, respectively. Analysis of practices across all participants showed that frequent contact with pets in everyday life or using the same cutting board for both raw and cooked foods leads to higher seropositivity rates. Therefore, we obtained the seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among high-risk populations in Jiangsu Province which could provide evidence for the implementation of control measures in the near future.

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Analysis on differences in Canada and China's official attitude and perception on their minority nationalities

American Research Journal of History and Culture ◽

10.21694/2379-2914.20008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Dennis Song

Keyword(s):

First Nations ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Aboriginal People ◽

Close Relation ◽

Nation State ◽

Common Descent ◽

Minority Ethnic Groups ◽

Perceptions And Attitudes ◽

French And English

The government’s perceptions and attitudes of their ethnic minorities are in close relation with the ethnic minorities’ welfare policies, and also affect the public’s perception of ethnic minorities. Therefore a government’s definition and attitudes are crucial to maintaining national stability. For instance, Canada is a multi-nation state, comprising multiple ethnic groups in one country, with the two most influential as the French-Canadians and the English-Canadians. French and English Canadians are majority ethnic groups while there are many other minority ethnic groups such as the First Nations. The People’s Republic of China is also a multi-nation state, although the biggest ethnic group, the Hans, comprise 98% of the entire population.11 Although all nations have their own cultural cognition - common descent, history, culture, and language - both Canada and China have their own unique definition for their minority nations: Canada’s minority nations are the Aboriginal People of Canada 22, and China’s minority nations are the 55 officially recognized ethnic groups other than the Han people. This essay aims to compare the official perceptions and attitudes of ethnic minorities in China and Canada, hoping to clarify the relationship between ethnic minorities and mainstream ethnic groups, and help the general public to understand them, hence promoting harmonious societal development.

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