Socioeconomic and gender inequalities in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India: a repeated cross-sectional study, 2005–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 660-667
Author(s):  
Omar Karlsson ◽  
Rockli Kim ◽  
William Joe ◽  
S V Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

BackgroundIn India, excess female under-5 mortality is well documented. Under-5 mortality is also known to be patterned by socioeconomic factors. This study examines sex differentials and sex-specific wealth gradients in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India.MethodsRepeated cross-sectional study of nationally representative samples of 298 955 children 0–60 months old from the National Family Health Surveys conducted in 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. The study used logistic regression models as well as Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsOverall, boys had greater neonatal mortality than girls and the difference increased between 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. Girls had greater postneonatal and child mortality, but the difference decreased between the surveys and was not statistically significant for child mortality in 2015–2016. A negative wealth gradient was found for all mortality outcomes. Neonatal mortality was persistently greater for boys. Girls had higher child mortality than boys at low levels of wealth and greater postneonatal mortality over much of the wealth distribution. The wealth gradient in neonatal mortality increased between surveys. Females had a stronger wealth gradient than boys for child mortality.ConclusionNot distinguishing between neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality masks important gender-specific and wealth-specific disparities in under-5 mortality in India. Substantial gains towards the Sustainable Development Goals can be made by combating neonatal mortality, especially at low levels of wealth. Although impressive improvements have been made in reducing the female disadvantage in postneonatal and child mortality, concerted engagements are necessary to eliminate the gender gap—especially in poor households and in north India.

scholarly journals Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital of North India

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Kamal Aggarwal ◽  
Shruti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
The Difference

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of skin, which has been recently linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS) by studies worldwide. Paucity of Indian data in this regard led us to conduct the present study, which aimed to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (and its components) in patients with psoriasis and to determine its association with disease severity and duration.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted over 50 clinically diagnosed patients of chronic plaque psoriasis and 50 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by the South Asian Modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (SAM-NCEP criteria). Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 17, SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illinois, USA). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage), student’s t-test, and chi-square test were used.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in psoriasis patients than controls but the difference was not significant statistically (30% vs 16%, p=0.0979). Although psoriasis patients had higher prevalence of hypertrigly-ceridemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and central obesity than controls, but the difference was statistically insignificant. The prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly higher in cases compared to controls (40% vs 18%, OR 3.0370, p=0.0159).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia are common in psoriasis patients, which signify the need for routine screening of metabolic syndrome in those patients.</p>

Assessment of Post COVID-19 Health Problems and Its Determinants in North India: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Senjam ◽  
Yatan Pal Singh Balhara ◽  
Parmeshwar Kumar ◽  
Neeraj Nischal ◽  
Souvik Manna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
North India ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Internet Addiction and the Pattern of Internet Use among Under Graduate Medical Students: A Cross- Sectional Study from North India

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka . ◽  
R K Pal
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Introduction: Excessive use of the Internet affects the academic achievements of students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction and the pattern of Internet use among undergraduate medical students. Method: This analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 177 undergraduate medical students in batch 2016, 2017 and 2018, who were included in this study by convenience sampling method. The study tool was  Young’s Internet Addiction Test containing questions regarding the pattern of Internet use. Data entry and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS version 21. Qualitative data were described in terms of frequency and percentage while quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Chi square test and multiple linear regression were used to find out the relationship between various factors and Internet Addiction (IA).  The significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.3 years (± 1.19), and 62 % of the subjects were males. The prevalence rate of Internet Addiction (IA) was found to be 56.5% and 42.9% of them were in mild and 13.6% were in moderate addiction category. Being male (β= -0.143, p=0.038), staying at a hostel (β= 0.167, p=0.018), not having a time preference for using the Internet (β= -0.174, p=0.012), spending more time on the Internet everyday (β= 0.201, p=0.000), being always online (β= 0.276, p=0.000) and more years of using the Internet (β= 0.175, p=0.015) were significantly related with IA in students. Conclusion: A large proportion of medical students were found to be addicted to the Internet. Therefore, this issue should be addressed immediately.

scholarly journals Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome among Booked and Unbooked Patients at tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Shanti Sunuwar Subedi ◽  
Rakina Bhansakarya ◽  
Sajjan Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in booked and unbooked cases. Objectives: To assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in unbooked and booked patients. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from Augustti2019 to January 2020. Using a convenient sampling technique, 204 samples were taken and cross-sectional study was done. Results: There were total 204 cases in this study;102were booked and 102 were unbooked. In this study, 85(83%) of booked cases were educated up to secondary level as compared toti65 (64%) of unbooked cases. There was no significant difference in Apgar score in 1 and 5 minute between booked and unbooked cases. More babies in the unbooked group were transferred to NICU as compared to the booked group and the difference was significant (9.8%vs 1.9%). Greater proportion of booked cases had spontaneous vaginal delivery (81.3% vs 59.8%) and complications like preterm delivery, anemia, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, complicated labor and puerperal sepsis was also less in the booked group. Conclusions: The study showed that unbooked mothers and their newborns had higher chance of having complications.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study to compare the biochemical parameters in low normal versus high normal plasma glucose levels in euglycemic individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Jhavar ◽  
Neha Kirti ◽  
Sumit Kumar Vishwakarma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Chandra ◽  
Vinod Verma
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Since a long time ago, the experts have realized that determination of cut-off point for diagnosing diabetes will be revised over time with the lower blood glucose level as the more sensitive diagnosis for detecting the occurring complication and biochemical changes.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of medicine, M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital Indore from July, 2016 to August, 2017 in 200 individuals and patients having euglycemic status attending General Medicine OPD.Results: In the low and high normal group 2 (2.0%) and 8 (8.0%) were having abnormal total cholesterol (TC) level respectively. The mean total cholesterol in the low normal group was 117.16±26.94mg/dl and it was 154.74±28.38mg/dl in the high normal group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.000). In the low and high normal group, 4 (4.0%) and 17 (17.0%) were having abnormal triglyceride (TG) levels respectively. The mean TG levels in the low and high normal group were 96.93±22.64mg/dl and 110.55±32.37mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.001). In the low and high normal group, 6 (6.0%) and 14 (14.0%) patient was having abnormal uric acid levels respectively. The mean uric acid levels in the low and high normal group was 4.88±1.10mg/dl and 5.31±1.31mg/dl respectively. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p value 0.013).Conclusions: Higher levels of Cholesterol and Triglycerides were found more commonly in high normal euglycemic group compared to low normal euglycemic group. Mean cholesterol and mean triglyceride levels were higher in high normal euglycemic group.

scholarly journals Kelas Edukasi Menyusui Sebagai Penunjang Keberhasilan Memberikan ASI Eksklusif

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Shelly Puspa Anggraini ◽  
Retna Siwi Padmawati ◽  
Madarina Julia
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Class ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Depth Interviews

Breastfeeding education classes as a support for exclusive breastfeeding successPurposeThe purpose of this paper was to examine the difference of maternal participation in breastfeeding education class AIMI (Indonesian Breastfeeding Association) and the success of exclusive breastfeeding.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 186 mothers. We used in-depth interviews of mothers who had attended AIMI Yogyakarta's breastfeeding education class.ResultsAs many as 88.6% of respondents gave exclusive breastfeeding. Of those who attended only one class, 88.9% gave exclusive breastfeeding, while 88.6% in the group who attended the two educational classes gave exclusive breastfeeding. There was no difference between mothers who attended one class or two classes of education on exclusive breastfeeding success.ConclusionThis study contributes to the knowledge that there is no difference between mothers attending one class or two classes of education on exclusive breastfeeding success.

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