scholarly journals Does changing to brighter road lighting improve road safety? Multilevel longitudinal analysis of road traffic collision frequency during the relighting of a UK city

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Marchant ◽  
James David Hale ◽  
Jon Paul Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Road Traffic Collision ◽  
White Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
The City

BackgroundA step change in the night environment is taking place, with the large-scale installation of bright, broad-spectrum road lighting such as white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One justification for this is a reduction in road traffic collisions (RTCs). This study aimed to estimate the effect of new lighting on personal injury RTCs within a large UK city.MethodsWe analysed a 9-year time series of weekly RTC personal injury counts in 132 areas of the city using multilevel modelling. The RTC rate over a full 24-hour period was the primary outcome; darkness and daylight RTC rates were secondary. The background change in RTC rate was separated from the change associated with the number of newly installed bright lamps by including a polynomial underlying time trend for the logarithm of the mean number of collisions per week for each area. The study was based on a rigorous, predesigned and archived protocol.ResultsWithin-area coefficients for the broad lighting effect were positive; as the number of bright lamps in an area increased, so did the RTC rate. The estimate for the increase in the within-area 24-hour RTC rate is 11% (95% CI 2% to 20%). The estimate of darkness-only RTCs is 16% (95% CI 2% to 32%). If the effect of lighting on darkness RTC rate is adjusted by that for daylight, one obtains 4% (95% CI −12% to +23%).ConclusionNo evidence was found for bright lamps leading to an improvement in road safety in any of the analyses. For this city, introducing brighter road lighting may have compromised safety rather than reducing harm.

What Color is My City?

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Adam Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
White Light ◽  
Sodium Vapor ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Lighting Technology ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gold Sodium ◽  
White Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
The City

The city of Los Angeles is converting its streetlights from orange-gold sodium vapor technology to cold, white light-emitting diodes. It’s a transition that will change the color of the city at night, in a place with a long history of experimentation with artificial lighting technology. That means not only that the city will appear different, but it will no longer correspond to memories of its coloration, or to its depictions in famous films.

scholarly journals The Importance of Enforcing Road Safety Laws to Reduce Road Traffic Collision (RTC) Occurrence and Fatalities in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s6-s6
Author(s):  
Oluwafunbi Awoniyi ◽  
Michael Molloy ◽  
Alexander Hart ◽  
Amalia Voskanyan ◽  
Ritu Sarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
Road Traffic Collision ◽  
United Nations General Assembly

Introduction:Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) are one of the most preventable causes of death worldwide, yet are the number one cause of death in Nigeria. In March 2010, the United Nations General Assembly launched “The Decade of Action for Road Safety (2011-2020)” to “reduce road traffic deaths and injuries by 50% by 2020.”Aim:To analyze trends in RTC and deaths in relation to current road safety laws in Nigeria, and possible future interventions.Methods:Annual reports from 2013-2017 were obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) of Nigeria. These reports were analyzed for trends in RTC, deaths, and reported causes to find areas of possible improvement.Results:The number of RTC and deaths declined yearly from 2013-2017. Crashes decreased from 23.4% in 2013-2014 to 6.2% in 2015, to 0.4% in 2016, and then increased to 3.2% in 2017. Results showed that fatalities from RTC in 2013-2014 decreased by 8.4%, then by 9.3% in 2015, and by 7.1% in 2016, but had a 1.3% increase in fatalities from 2016-2017. Analysis showed that speed violations (SPV) were the top cause of RTC. These had a decrease in the number of crashes from 5,495 (32% of RTC) in 2013, to 3,496 (29%) in 2014, to 3,195 (26.5%) in 2015. They then increased to 3,848 (33.9%) in 2016 and to 4,840 (44.1%) in 2017. There was a decline in reports of RTC caused by driving under the influence (DAD) from 1% in 2013, to 0.8% in 2014, and 0.5% in 2015 and 2016.Discussion:Current road safety laws have been effective in decreasing the total number of RTC and deaths. While certain laws such as those regarding DAD have been effective, other laws such as speed limits have been less successful and may require further changes in legal codes and/or enforcement.

scholarly journals Impact of Road Safety Laws in Colombia on Road Traffic Collision Fatalities and Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s65-s65
Author(s):  
Killiam A. Argote ◽  
Michael S Molloy ◽  
Alexander Hart ◽  
Amalia Voskanyan ◽  
Ritu R Sarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Road Traffic Collision ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Road

Introduction:Road traffic collisions (RTC) are the leading cause of preventable death among those aged 15–29 years worldwide. More than 1.2 million lives are lost each year on roads. Ninety percent of these deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. The General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) proclaimed the period from 2011-2020 the “Decade of Action for Road Safety,” with the objective of stabilizing and reducing the number of deaths by 50% worldwide. In this context, the government of Colombia established the National Road Safety Plan (PNSV) for the period 2011–2021 with the objective of reducing the number of fatalities by 26%. However, the effectiveness of road safety policies in Colombia is still unknown.Aim:To evaluate the effect of road safety laws on the incidence of RTC, deaths, and injuries in Colombia.Methods:RTC data and fatality numbers for the time period of January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017, were collated from official Colombian governmental publications and analyzed for reductions and trends related to the introduction of new road safety legislation.Results:Data analysis are expected to be completed by January 2019.Discussion:RTC remains the leading preventable cause of death in Colombia despite the PNSV. Data is being mined to determine the trends of these rates of crashes and fatalities, and their relation to the introduction of national traffic laws. Overall, while the absolute numbers of RTC and deaths have been increasing, the rate of RTC per 10,000 cars has been decreasing. This suggests that although the goals of the PNSV may not be realized, some of the laws emanating from it may be beneficial, but warrant further detailed analysis.

scholarly journals Znaczenie kompetencji zawodowych nauczyciela szkoły podstawowej w realizacji treści programowych wychowania komunikacyjnego

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Fabian Andruszkiewicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The City

The paper presents traffic-related hazards, in particular to its young and vulnerable participants. A list was provided of road accidents that primary school students from the region of Silesia, in particular the city of Bytom participated in, together with an indication of their causes. Research was carried out among teachers of primary schools from Bytom, responsible for teaching elements of road safety, in particular to unprotected participants in traffic, aimed at determining the degree of professional preparation in this area. The cooperation of primary schools and teachers with institutions responsible for road safety were presented, such as: Municipal Police Headquarters, Municipal Police, Regional Road Traffic Centre, and others, aimed at improving child safety, as well as increasing the communication skills of teachers, through active participation in trainings and workshops, and by promoting the principles of safe participation in road traffic. Education in the field of road safety for its youngest participants should be a priority in the activities of all people and organizations, in particular teachers, who care about the safety of children and adults.

Mimicking skyglow at ecosystem level in a large-scale lake enclosure facility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Jechow ◽  
Günther Schreck ◽  
Christopher C. M. Kyba ◽  
Stella A. Berger ◽  
Lukas Thuile Bistarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Homogeneous Surface ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
White Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Light pollution is an environmental stressor of global extent that is growing exponentially in area and intensity. Artificial skyglow, a form of light pollution with large range, is hypothesized to have environmental impact at ecosystem level. However, testing the impact of skyglow at large scales and in a controlled fashion under in situ conditions has remained elusive so far. Here we present the first experimental setup to mimic skyglow at ecosystem level outdoors in an aquatic environment. Spatially diffuse and homogeneous surface illumination that is adjustable between 10 mlx and 10 lx, resembling rural to urban skyglow levels, was achieved with white light-emitting diodes at a large-scale lake enclosure facility. The illumination system was enabled by optical modeling with Monte-Carlo raytracing and validated by measurements. Our method can be adapted to other outdoor and indoor skyglow experiments, urgently needed to understand the impact of skyglow on ecosystems.

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