scholarly journals Scientific challenges for precision public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kee ◽  
David Taylor-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Precision Public Health ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Questions

The notion of ‘precision’ public health has been the subject of much debate, with recent articles coming to its defence following the publication of several papers questioning its value.Critics of precision public health raise the following problems and questionable assumptions: the inherent limits of prediction for individuals; the limits of approaches to prevention that rely on individual agency, in particular the potential for these approaches to widen inequalities; the undue emphasis on the supposed new information contained in individuals’ molecules and their ‘big data’ at the expense of their own preferences for a particular intervention strategy and the diversion of resources and attention from the social determinants of health.In order to refocus some of these criticisms of precision public health as scientific questions, this article outlines some of the challenges when defining risk for individuals; the limitations of current theory and study design for precision public health; and the potential for unintended harms.

scholarly journals Beyond Public Health Genomics: Can Big Data and Predictive Analytics Deliver Precision Public Health?

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muin J. Khoury ◽  
Michael Engelgau ◽  
David A. Chambers ◽  
George A. Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Public Health Genomics ◽  
Precision Public Health

scholarly journals Smoke gets in your eyes: what is sociological about cigarettes?

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donncha Marron
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Social Distribution

Contemporary public health approaches increasingly draw attention to the unequal social distribution of cigarette smoking. In contrast, critical accounts emphasize the importance of smokers’ situated agency, the relevance of embodiment and how public health measures against smoking potentially play upon and exacerbate social divisions and inequality. Nevertheless, if the social context of cigarettes is worthy of such attention, and sociology lays a distinct claim to understanding the social, we need to articulate a distinct, positive and systematic claim for smoking as an object of sociological enquiry. This article attempts to address this by situating smoking across three main dimensions of sociological thinking: history and social change; individual agency and experience; and social structures and power. It locates the emergence and development of cigarettes in everyday life within the project of modernity of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It goes on to assess the habituated, temporal and experiential aspects of individual smoking practices in everyday lifeworlds. Finally, it argues that smoking, while distributed in important ways by social class, also works relationally to render and inscribe it.

An Overview of Health Disparities in the Context of Public Health Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Inequity ◽  
Public Health Ethics ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Health Ethics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

Health disparities have increasingly become an important area of examination for public health ethics. This chapter provides an overview of the ethics of health disparities, one of the dedicated sections of The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics. It begins with background on health disparities and socioeconomic status, including a brief summary of some of the seminal research on the subject. It then provides an overview of the chapters in this section of the handbook, which address (1) the social determinants of health and the ethics and social justice arguments for reducing health disparities, (2) racial and ethnic health disparities, (3) some conflicts that arise between reducing health disparities and advancing population health, and (4) ethical considerations in the measurement of health inequity.

scholarly journals Convergence of Precision Medicine and Public Health Into Precision Public Health: Toward a Big Data Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Elkind Velmovitsky ◽  
Tatiana Bevilacqua ◽  
Paulo Alencar ◽  
Donald Cowan ◽  
Plinio Pelegrini Morita
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Precision Public Health ◽  
Other Hand

The field of precision medicine explores disease treatments by looking at genetic, socio-environmental, and clinical factors, thus trying to provide a holistic view of a person's health. Public health, on the other hand, is focused on improving the health of populations through preventive strategies and timely interventions. With recent advances in technology, we are able to collect, analyze and store for the first-time large volumes of real-time, diverse and continuous health data. Typically, the field of precision medicine deals with a huge amount of data from few individuals; public health, on the other hand, deals with limited data from a population. With the coming of Big Data, the fields of precision medicine and public health are converging into precision public health, the study of biological and genetic factors supported by large amounts of population data. In this paper, we explore through a comprehensive review the data types and use cases found in precision medicine and public health. We also discuss how these data types and use cases can converge toward precision public health, as well as challenges and opportunities provided by research and analyses of health data.

scholarly journals The intersection of genomics and big data with public health: Opportunities for precision public health

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. e1003373
Author(s):  
Muin J. Khoury ◽  
Gregory L. Armstrong ◽  
Rebecca E. Bunnell ◽  
Juliana Cyril ◽  
Michael F. Iademarco
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Precision Public Health

scholarly journals Big data hurdles in precision medicine and precision public health

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Prosperi ◽  
Jae S. Min ◽  
Jiang Bian ◽  
François Modave
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Precision Public Health

scholarly journals Pelaksanaan Surveilans Kesehatan dan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Pasca Erupsi Merapi 2010 Pada Pelaksanaan Desa Siaga di Desa Talun Klaten

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-57
Author(s):  
Rio Rialdi ◽  
Sunarto Sunarto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Public Surveillance ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

Indonesia is one country that is classified as vulnerable to natural disasters. Merapi eruption isone of the natural disasters that have an impact on public health. Standby village is an important pillarin handling disasters, since people usually are not prepared if there is a sudden disaster. The purposeof the study was to determine the application program of public health surveillance and preparednessafter the eruption of Merapi of 2010 in the implementation of standby village in Talun Village, KemalangSub-district, Klaten District Central Java. The research was descriptive using study case with qualitativeanalysis. The subject of the study was performers implementing public health surveillance program.The object of the study was the social situation in performing program. Informant was determinedbypurposive and snowball effect. Datawere collected by non participativeobservation, interview,documentation,focus discussion group (FGD), and triangulation. Judging from some indicators, the implementationof standby village had been running well. The performing of public surveillance program hasnotbeen running properly due to lack of socialization of the health center. The community disasterpreparednessprogram was good enough. However,it should be improved to preparednessupon healthemergencies.Standby village program and community preparedness is good enough, however it is notfollowedby a good surveillance based on community.

scholarly journals As representações sociais da bebida alcoólica e suas consequências na sociedade expressas pela mídia impressa

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vander Monteiro Da Conceição ◽  
Silvio Eder Dias Da Silva ◽  
Jeferson Santos Araujo ◽  
Mary Elizabeth De Santana ◽  
Esleane Vilela Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion ◽  
Selection Of

O estudo objetiva analisar os artigos produzidos pela mídia impressa sobre os efeitos da bebida alcoólica, publicados nas revistas Veja e IstoÉ, no período compreendido entre 2005 e 2010 e, a partir de então, caracterizar as representações sociais sobre a temática. O conteúdo para análise emergiu da seleção de matérias jornalísticas contidas em 67 reportagens. Configura-se como uma pesquisa documental associada ao fenômeno conceitual da Teoria das Representações Sociais. O estudo contribuiu para a compreensão do papel da mídia frente à sociedade leitora no combate aos problemas de saúde pública relacionada ao consumo excessivo de bebida alcoólica.Descritores: Imprensa, Alcoolismo, Enfermagem Psiquiátrica.Social representations of alcohol and its consequences in society expressed by the printed mediaThe study aims to analyze the articles produced by the print media on the effects of alcohol, published in magazines Veja and Isto É from 2005 to 2010 and from then to characterize the social representations on the subject. The content analysis emerged from the selection of news stories contained in 67 reports. It is configured itself as a documentary research associated to the conceptual phenomenon of Social Representations Theory. The study contributed to the understanding of the media’s role before readers in combating public health problems related to excessive consumption of alcohol.Descriptors: Press, Alcoholism, Psychiatric Nursing.Las representaciones sociales del alcohol y sus consecuencias en la sociedad expresada por los medios impresosEl estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los artículos producidos por los medios de comunicación impresos sobre los efectos del alcohol, publicados en revistas Veja® y Isto É® en el periodo 2005 a 2010 y desde entonces para caracterizar las representaciones sociales sobre el tema. El análisis de contenido surgido a partir de la selección de las noticias contenidas en 67 informes. Se configura como una investigación documental del fenómeno asociado a la teoría conceptual de las Representaciones Sociales. El estudio contribuyó a la comprensión del papel del lector ante la sociedad lectora en la lucha contra problemas de salud pública relacionados con el consumo excesivo de alcohol.Descriptores: Press, El alcoholismo, Enfermería Psiquiátrica.

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