scholarly journals Hospitalisation and mortality from COVID-19 in Mexican indigenous people: a cross-sectional observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-216129
Author(s):  
Edson Serván-Mori ◽  
Jacqueline A Seiglie ◽  
Octavio Gómez-Dantés ◽  
Veronika J Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Equipment Availability ◽  
Hospital Equipment

BackgroundDespite having a large indigenous population, little is known about the differences in COVID-19-related health outcomes between indigenous and non-indigenous patients in Mexico. The aim of this study is to analyse the variation in hospitalisation and death between indigenous and non-indigenous patients with COVID-19 to guide future policies and clinical practice.MethodsWe used data from the Mexican Ministry of Health (MoH) to study the hospitalisation and death of adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in MoH facilities between 1 March 2020 and 28 February 2021. Predicted probabilities of hospitalisation and death were adjusted for sociodemographic and presentation to care characteristics as well as municipal social deprivation index and health jurisdiction-level index of human resource and hospital equipment availability.ResultsOf 465 676 hospitalised adults with COVID-19, 5873 (1.3%) were identified as indigenous. Indigenous patients had higher odds of hospitalisation (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.0), death (aOR=1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1. 3) and early mortality (aOR=1.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.4), compared with non-indigenous patients. Living in municipalities with high social deprivation was associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation and early death. Living in areas with low healthcare resources was associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation but not death. Being male, aged 51 years or older, having diabetes, hypertension and obesity were associated with an incremental probability of hospitalisation and death among indigenous patients.ConclusionsIndigenous patients with COVID-19 in Mexico have a higher risk of hospitalisation and death than non-indigenous individuals. Our findings can guide future efforts to protect this population from SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated outcomes.

scholarly journals Incremental risk of developing severe COVID-19 among Mexican patients with diabetes attributed to social and healthcare access disadvantages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra G. Sosa-Rubí ◽  
Jacqueline Seiglie ◽  
Carlos Chivardi ◽  
Jennifer Manne-Goehler ◽  
James B. Meigs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for severe COVID-19, but little is known about the marginal effect of additional risk factors for severe COVID-19 among individuals with diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that sociodemographic, access to healthcare, and presentation to care characteristics among individuals with diabetes in Mexico confer an additional risk of hospitalization with COVID-19.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study using public data from the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Mexican Ministry of Health. We included individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 between March 1st and July 31st, 2020. The primary outcome was the predicted probability of hospitalization, inclusive of 8.5% of patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. </p> <p> </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>Among 373,963 adults with COVID-19, 16.1% [95% CI: 16.0-16.3] self-reported diabetes. The predicted probability of hospitalization was 38.4% [37.6-39.2] for patients with diabetes only and 42.9% [42.2-43.7] for patients with diabetes and one or more comorbidities (obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease). High municipality-level of social deprivation and low state-level healthcare resources were associated with a 9.5% [6.3-12.7] and 17.5% [14.5-20.4] increased probability of hospitalization among patients with diabetes, respectively. In age-, sex-, and comorbidity-adjusted models, living in a context of high social vulnerability and low healthcare resources was associated with the highest predicted probability of hospitalization. </p> <p> </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>Social vulnerability contributes considerably to the probability of hospitalization among individuals with COVID-19 and diabetes with associated comorbidities. These findings can inform mitigation strategies for populations at the highest risk of severe COVID-19. </p>

scholarly journals Orthodontist and periodontist’s knowledge, attitudes and aspects of clinical practice, regarding fixed lower orthodontic retainers

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Suzanne Maximo da COSTA ◽  
Silvia Amélia Scudeler VEDOVELLO ◽  
Vivian Fernandes FURLETTI-GÓES ◽  
William CUSTODIO ◽  
Giovana Cherubini VENEZIAN
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Retainers ◽  
E Mail

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and aspects of the clinical practice of orthodontists and periodontists, regarding lower fixed orthodontic retainers. Methods: The orthodontists (n=502) and periodontists (n=269) who participated in this cross-sectional observational study received, via e-mail, questions related to the type of lower fixed retainer, dental biofilm accumulation, oral hygiene, and potential periodontal changes. The data were subjected to chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, at 5% significance level. Results: Both orthodontists (72.3%) and periodontists (58.7%) reported that hygienic retainers accumulate more dental biofilm (p< 0.05), and 64.1% of orthodontists and 58.7% of periodontists considered that modified retainers may lead to periodontal changes (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the dental specialties, regarding the type of lower fixed retainer considered the easiest for the patient to perform hygiene (p> 0.05), whereas 48.6% of professionals chose the modified type. Conclusion: The modified retainer accumulates a greater amount of dental biofilm and, in the perception of orthodontists and periodontists, it may cause periodontal changes.

scholarly journals The relationship between the number of cardiologists and clinical practice patterns in acute heart failure: a cross-sectional observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. e005988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Sasaki ◽  
Susumu Kunisawa ◽  
Tetsuya Otsubo ◽  
Hiroshi Ikai ◽  
Kiyohide Fushimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Practice Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Incremental risk of developing severe COVID-19 among Mexican patients with diabetes attributed to social and healthcare access disadvantages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra G. Sosa-Rubí ◽  
Jacqueline Seiglie ◽  
Carlos Chivardi ◽  
Jennifer Manne-Goehler ◽  
James B. Meigs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for severe COVID-19, but little is known about the marginal effect of additional risk factors for severe COVID-19 among individuals with diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that sociodemographic, access to healthcare, and presentation to care characteristics among individuals with diabetes in Mexico confer an additional risk of hospitalization with COVID-19.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study using public data from the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Mexican Ministry of Health. We included individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 between March 1st and July 31st, 2020. The primary outcome was the predicted probability of hospitalization, inclusive of 8.5% of patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. </p> <p> </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>Among 373,963 adults with COVID-19, 16.1% [95% CI: 16.0-16.3] self-reported diabetes. The predicted probability of hospitalization was 38.4% [37.6-39.2] for patients with diabetes only and 42.9% [42.2-43.7] for patients with diabetes and one or more comorbidities (obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease). High municipality-level of social deprivation and low state-level healthcare resources were associated with a 9.5% [6.3-12.7] and 17.5% [14.5-20.4] increased probability of hospitalization among patients with diabetes, respectively. In age-, sex-, and comorbidity-adjusted models, living in a context of high social vulnerability and low healthcare resources was associated with the highest predicted probability of hospitalization. </p> <p> </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>Social vulnerability contributes considerably to the probability of hospitalization among individuals with COVID-19 and diabetes with associated comorbidities. These findings can inform mitigation strategies for populations at the highest risk of severe COVID-19. </p>

Profil Penyakit Malaria Di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

Profil Penyakit Malaria di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana Y ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

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