The rostrocaudal gradient for somatosensory perception in the human postcentral gyrus

AbstractThe majority of smokers relapse even after successfully quitting because of the craving to smoking after unexpectedly re-exposed to smoking-related cues. This conditioned craving is mediated by reward memories that are frequently experienced and stubbornly resistant to treatment. Reconsolidation theory posits that well-consolidated memories are destabilized after retrieval, and this process renders memories labile and vulnerable to amnestic intervention. This study tests the retrieval reconsolidation procedure to decrease nicotine craving among people who smoke. In this study, 52 male smokers received a single dose of propranolol (n = 27) or placebo (n = 25) before the reactivation of nicotine-associated memories to impair the reconsolidation process. Craving for smoking and neural activity in response to smoking-related cues served as primary outcomes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during the memory reconsolidation process. The disruption of reconsolidation by propranolol decreased craving for smoking. Reactivity of the postcentral gyrus in response to smoking-related cues also decreased in the propranolol group after the reconsolidation manipulation. Functional connectivity between the hippocampus and striatum was higher during memory reconsolidation in the propranolol group. Furthermore, the increase in coupling between the hippocampus and striatum positively correlated with the decrease in craving after the reconsolidation manipulation in the propranolol group. Propranolol administration before memory reactivation disrupted the reconsolidation of smoking-related memories in smokers by mediating brain regions that are involved in memory and reward processing. These findings demonstrate the noradrenergic regulation of memory reconsolidation in humans and suggest that adjunct propranolol administration can facilitate the treatment of nicotine dependence. The present study was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (registration no. ChiCTR1900024412).

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Grey matter abnormalities in Tourette syndrome: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03187-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fang Wen ◽

Junjuan Yan ◽

Liping Yu ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Jingran Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tourette Syndrome ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Likelihood Estimation ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Precentral Gyrus ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Activation Likelihood Estimation ◽

Lentiform Nucleus ◽

Postcentral Gyrus

Abstract Background Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by the continual presence of primary motor and vocal tics. Grey matter abnormalities have been identified in numerous studies of TS, but conflicting results have been reported. This study was an unbiased statistical meta-analysis of published neuroimaging studies of TS structures. Methods A voxel quantitative meta-analysis technique called activation likelihood estimation (ALE) was used. The meta-analysis included six neuroimaging studies involving 247 TS patients and 236 healthy controls. A statistical threshold of p < 0.05 was established based on the false discovery rate and a cluster extent threshold of 50 voxels. Results We found that grey matter volumes were significantly increased in the bilateral thalamus, right hypothalamus, right precentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, right lentiform nucleus, and left insula of TS patients compared to those of healthy controls. In contrast, grey matter volumes were significantly decreased in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate, bilateral insula, left posterior cingulate and left postcentral gyrus of TS patients compared to those of healthy controls. Conclusions Our present meta-analysis primarily revealed significant increases in grey matter volumes in the thalamus and lentiform nucleus, and decreased grey matter volumes in the anterior cingulate gyrus, of TS patients compared to those in healthy controls. Most of these identified regions are associated with cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these changes in grey matter volumes in TS patients.

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Neurophysiologic Mapping of Thalamocortical Tract in Asleep Craniotomies: Promising Results From an Early Experience

Operative Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/ons/opaa330 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mirela V Simon ◽

Daniel K Lee ◽

Bryan D Choi ◽

Pratik A Talati ◽

Jimmy C Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Anesthesia ◽

Corticospinal Tract ◽

Sensory Function ◽

Motor Deficit ◽

Motor Deficits ◽

Central Sulcus ◽

Postcentral Gyrus ◽

Subcortical Stimulation ◽

Subcortical Mapping

Abstract BACKGROUND Subcortical mapping of the corticospinal tract has been extensively used during craniotomies under general anesthesia to achieve maximal resection while avoiding postoperative motor deficits. To our knowledge, similar methods to map the thalamocortical tract (TCT) have not yet been developed. OBJECTIVE To describe a neurophysiologic technique for TCT identification in 2 patients who underwent resection of frontoparietal lesions. METHODS The central sulcus (CS) was identified using the somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) phase reversal technique. Furthermore, monitoring of the cortical postcentral N20 and precentral P22 potentials was performed during resection. Subcortical electrical stimulation in the resection cavity was done using the multipulse train (case #1) and Penfield (case #2) techniques. RESULTS Subcortical stimulation within the postcentral gyrus (case #1) and in depth of the CS (case #2), resulted in a sudden drop in amplitudes in N20 (case #1) and P22 (case #2), respectively. In both patients, the potentials promptly recovered once the stimulation was stopped. These results led to redirection of the surgical plane with avoidance of damage of thalamocortical input to the primary somatosensory (case #1) and motor regions (case #2). At the end of the resection, there were no significant changes in the median SSEP. Both patients had no new long-term postoperative sensory or motor deficit. CONCLUSION This method allows identification of TCT in craniotomies under general anesthesia. Such input is essential not only for preservation of sensory function but also for feedback modulation of motor activity.

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Normalization in human somatosensory cortex

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00939.2014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (5) ◽

pp. 2588-2599 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Gijs Joost Brouwer ◽

Vanessa Arnedo ◽

Shani Offen ◽

David J. Heeger ◽

Arthur C. Grant

Keyword(s):

Somatosensory Cortex ◽

Middle Finger ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Stimulus Amplitude ◽

Target Digit ◽

Divisive Normalization ◽

Postcentral Gyrus ◽

Baseline Response ◽

The Right ◽

Stimulation Of

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure activity in human somatosensory cortex and to test for cross-digit suppression. Subjects received stimulation (vibration of varying amplitudes) to the right thumb (target) with or without concurrent stimulation of the right middle finger (mask). Subjects were less sensitive to target stimulation (psychophysical detection thresholds were higher) when target and mask digits were stimulated concurrently compared with when the target was stimulated in isolation. fMRI voxels in a region of the left postcentral gyrus each responded when either digit was stimulated. A regression model (called a forward model) was used to separate the fMRI measurements from these voxels into two hypothetical channels, each of which responded selectively to only one of the two digits. For the channel tuned to the target digit, responses in the left postcentral gyrus increased with target stimulus amplitude but were suppressed by concurrent stimulation to the mask digit, evident as a shift in the gain of the response functions. For the channel tuned to the mask digit, a constant baseline response was evoked for all target amplitudes when the mask was absent and responses decreased with increasing target amplitude when the mask was concurrently presented. A computational model based on divisive normalization provided a good fit to the measurements for both mask-absent and target + mask stimulation. We conclude that the normalization model can explain cross-digit suppression in human somatosensory cortex, supporting the hypothesis that normalization is a canonical neural computation.

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Differential contributions of spinal pathways to body representation in postcentral gyrus of Macaca mulatta.

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1974.37.1.119 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 119-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

D A Dreyer ◽

R J Schneider ◽

C B Metz ◽

B L Whitsel

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Body Representation ◽

Spinal Pathways ◽

Postcentral Gyrus

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Meningiomas Display a Specific Immunoexpression Pattern in a Rostrocaudal Gradient: An Analysis of 366 Patients

World Neurosurgery ◽

10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. e520-e535 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ege Ülgen ◽

Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu ◽

M. Aydın Sav ◽

Özge Can ◽

Ayça Erşen Danyeli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rostrocaudal Gradient

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Differing Spontaneous Brain Activity in Healthy Adults with Two Different Body Constitutions: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8070951 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 951

Author(s):

Ching-Hsiung Liu ◽

Yen-Ying Kung ◽

Tzu-Chen Yeh ◽

Pei-Shan Hsu ◽

Ching-Ju Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Resting State ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Spontaneous Brain Activity ◽

Body Constitution ◽

Postcentral Gyrus

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners assess body constitution (BC) as a treatment basis for maintaining body homeostasis. We investigated patterns in spontaneous brain activity in different BC groups using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and determined the relationship between these patterns and quality of life (QOL). Thirty-two healthy individuals divided into two groups (body constitution questionnaire (BCQ)-gentleness [BCQ-G] and BCQ-deficiency [BCQ-D]) based on the body constitution questionnaire (BCQ) underwent rsfMRI to analyze regional homogeneity (ReHo) and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF). The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (brief edition) scale was used to evaluate the QOL. The BCQ-G group (n = 18) had significantly greater ReHo values in the right postcentral gyrus and lower ALFF values in the brainstem than the BCQ-D group (n = 14). In the BCQ-D group, decreased ReHo of the postcentral gyrus correlated with better physiological functioning; increased ALFF in the brainstem correlated with poor QOL. BCQ-subgroup analysis revealed a nonsignificant correlation between ReHo and Yang deficiency/phlegm and stasis (Phl & STA). Nonetheless, the BCQ-D group showed a positive correlation between ALFF and Phl & STA in the parahippocampus. This study identified differences between BCQ-G and BCQ-D types of healthy adults based on the rsfMRI analysis. The different BCQ types with varied brain endophenotypes may elucidate individualized TCM treatment strategies.

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A potential new fabric evaluation approach by capturing brain perception under fabric contact pressure

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517518811939 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (16) ◽

pp. 3312-3325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jie Yuan ◽

Weidong Yu ◽

Kemin Chen ◽

Zhongwei Zhang ◽

Yi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Pressure ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Evaluation Approach ◽

Postcentral Gyrus ◽

Comfort Perception ◽

Peak Points ◽

The Difference ◽

Fabric Comfort

The problem of the transmission mechanism of textile perception and the barrier to express textile cognition directly are the two major issues in the field of textile evaluation. In this study, an advanced biomedical imaging technology, functional magnetic resonance imaging, which is non-invasive and has a high temporal resolution and spatial resolution, was utilized to describe the features of brain perception in the brain mask areas under increased fabric contact pressures, and thus it was attempted to provide a new approach to express fabric comfort perception. As a result, we found that when fabric contact pressure increased from 0.5 to 1.5 kPa, both maximum activation intensity T Z and activation proportion K of the peak points were transferred from the postcentral gyrus in the SI to the amygdala, and were negative activations. Therefore, we drew the conclusion that both a lower and a higher fabric contact pressure (about 1 kPa of proper comfort fabric pressure) would produce a brain signal inhibitory effect on the SI and amygdala. The difference was the fact that the inhibition role on the SI was more obvious under a lower pressure, while the inhibition role on the amygdala was more remarkable under a higher pressure, which meant that the SI, particularly the postcentral gyrus in the SI, was likely to play a significant role in surface tactile perception of fabrics, while the amygdala might be related to the fabric oppressing sensation.

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Aberrant activation within auditory network is associated with psychiatric comorbidities in interictal migraineurs without aura

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36497/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Heng-Le Wei ◽

Yu-Chen Chen ◽

Yu-Sheng Yu ◽

Xi Guo ◽

Gang-Ping Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Auditory Cortex ◽

Resting State ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Postcentral Gyrus ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has confirmed auditory network dysfunction in migraine without aura (MwoA). Epidemiological investigations have disclosed that migraine is comorbid with many psychiatric symptoms. However, the underlying mechanisms of auditory cortex dysfunction linked to psychiatric disorders in MwoA remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore associations between brain activation in the auditory cortex and clinical and psychiatric characteristics in patients with MwoA during interictal periods.Methods: Resting-state data were acquired from patients with episodic MwoA (n=34) and healthy controls (n=30). Independent component analysis was used to extract and calculate the resting-state auditory network. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlations between spontaneous activation in the auditory cortex and clinical and psychiatric features in MwoA.Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with MwoA showed increased activation in the left auditory cortex (i.e., superior temporal gyrus (STG), postcentral gyrus (PoCG) and insula). Brain activation in the left STG was positively correlated with anxiety scores, and activation in the left PoCG was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression scores. No significant differences were found in intracranial volume between the two groups.Conclusions: This study indicated that functional impairment and altered integration within the auditory cortex existed in patients with MwoA in the interictal period, suggesting that auditory cortex disruption as a biomarker may be implemented for the early diagnosis and prediction of neuropsychiatric impairment in MwoA.

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