A study of the food eaten in conventional Royal Navy submarines

Abstract Objectives Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) is a national program that delivers nutrition education to low-income households to improve nutrition-related behaviors. A pre-post survey, or Medium Term Survey (MTS), is used to determine participant behavior change as a result of the program. The objective of the present study was to determine the short-term (4–10 weeks) and long-term (1 year) reliability of the Indiana SNAP-Ed MTS. Methods Data for this secondary analysis was from a randomized controlled trial evaluation of Indiana SNAP-Ed. SNAP-Ed-eligible adults (≥18 yrs) living in Indiana and interested in receiving nutrition education were recruited from 2015–2016 (N = 261). Short-term and long-term test-retest reliability of the 17 pre- and post-test items on the Indiana SNAP-Ed MTS were determined using Spearman correlations. MTS pre-test results from the control group who did not receive SNAP-Ed were compared with post-test results collected 4–10 weeks (short-term) later and 1 year (long-term) later, respectively. Analyses were completed using SAS 9.4. Significance was P ≤ 0.05. Results The Indiana SNAP-Ed MTS demonstrated poor test-retest reliability with correlation coefficients of 0.4 to 0.6 for 15 items over the short-term (P < 0.05) and correlation coefficients of 0.3 to 0.7 for 11 items over the long-term study period (P < 0.05) among Indiana SNAP-Ed-eligible adults who did not receive the SNAP-Ed intervention (n = 62). Conclusions Among Indiana SNAP-Ed-eligible adults, the Indiana SNAP-Ed MTS is not a reliable survey instrument to assess nutrition-related behaviors over a short-term or long-term time period. Further research is needed to develop reliable survey items to conduct program evaluation. Funding Sources This activity was funded by the Purdue Office of Undergraduate Research Scholarship, the Purdue Nutrition Education Program, and a USDA NIFA Hatch Project.

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Understanding Empathy in Children

10.26686/wgtn.16968505.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Kah Hoe Chan

Keyword(s):

Nutrition Education ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Short Term ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Healthy Nutrition ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Dietary Choices ◽

Informed Opinion ◽

Constructionist Theory

<p>Health, particularly diet and everyday nutrition, as the ultimate causal factor in life is an important aspect of every child's education. Meanwhile, computer generated (CG) 3-dimensional (3-D) graphics is a medium often used by entertainment and advertising. Educational intervention to help children make appropriate dietary choices can be designed by employing similar methods used by entertainment and advertising, such as 3-D characters aimed at children. The question that this research asked is: can creating an empathic bond between 3-D characters and children communicate a healthy nutrition message effectively? This thesis is based on qualitative research founded on the constructionist theory that focuses on exploring the perspective of children via focus groups. Educational designs based on familiar computer-generated graphics will help equip children to deal with nutritional and dietary choices, ultimately initiating behavioural change as their relationship with food matures earlier. Empathy on the children's and adult's sides of the healthy nutrition conversation is important to establish this relationship in children's nutritional decisions. The main challenge for nutrition education is not in short-term diversions, but long-term changes in behavioural responses in media literacy. A constructionist approach of helping children work through advertising by improving their media vocabulary would be a more sustainable approach to enhancing their ability to decode advertising rhetoric and in turn forming their own informed opinion and responses. Industry referenced educational content intent on healthy lifestyles can balance the prevalent advertising messages leading to a more balanced overall media that children are exposed to.</p>

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Understanding Empathy in Children

10.26686/wgtn.16968505 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Kah Hoe Chan

Keyword(s):

Nutrition Education ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Short Term ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Healthy Nutrition ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Dietary Choices ◽

Informed Opinion ◽

Constructionist Theory

<p>Health, particularly diet and everyday nutrition, as the ultimate causal factor in life is an important aspect of every child's education. Meanwhile, computer generated (CG) 3-dimensional (3-D) graphics is a medium often used by entertainment and advertising. Educational intervention to help children make appropriate dietary choices can be designed by employing similar methods used by entertainment and advertising, such as 3-D characters aimed at children. The question that this research asked is: can creating an empathic bond between 3-D characters and children communicate a healthy nutrition message effectively? This thesis is based on qualitative research founded on the constructionist theory that focuses on exploring the perspective of children via focus groups. Educational designs based on familiar computer-generated graphics will help equip children to deal with nutritional and dietary choices, ultimately initiating behavioural change as their relationship with food matures earlier. Empathy on the children's and adult's sides of the healthy nutrition conversation is important to establish this relationship in children's nutritional decisions. The main challenge for nutrition education is not in short-term diversions, but long-term changes in behavioural responses in media literacy. A constructionist approach of helping children work through advertising by improving their media vocabulary would be a more sustainable approach to enhancing their ability to decode advertising rhetoric and in turn forming their own informed opinion and responses. Industry referenced educational content intent on healthy lifestyles can balance the prevalent advertising messages leading to a more balanced overall media that children are exposed to.</p>

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Food intake and diet selection in sheep: the effect of manipulating the rates of digestion of carbohydrates and protein of the foods offered as a choice

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19970027 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 243-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

I. Kyriazakis ◽

J. D. Oldham

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Diet Selection ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Short Term ◽

Carbohydrate Source ◽

Daily Diet ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Selection Of

An experiment was designed to investigate whether the degree of synchrony between the rates of digestion of carbohydrates and N of foods offered as a choice would have an effect, through their consequences, on the short- and long-term diet selection of sheep. Four foods (RL, RH, SL and SH) with the same high metabolizable energy, and similar high metabolizable protein contents were made into pellets. Foods RL and RH were based on a rapidly fermentable carbohydrate source and foods SL and SH on a slowly fermentable carbohydrate source; within each source one food (RL or SL) had a low, and the other (RH or SH) a high, men-degradable protein (RDP) content. The foods within a carbohydrate source were offered either singly or as a choice (RI/RH or SI/SH) to eleven rumen-fistulated mature sheep. The design was two 3 x 3 Latin squares (replicated once) with 5- week periods; squares consisted of two single foods and their respective choice. Weeks 1, 3 and 5 were considered to be controls, and weeks 2 and 4 used for remen infusions of either urea or fructose infused over 4h (10·00-14·00 hours). Food intake (FI) and diet selections (DS) were recorded daily and every 2 h (08·00-16·00 hours) on days 2-5 of each week; m e n pH and NH3 concentrations were also measured during these time intervals of day 5. As expected, feeding treatment affected significantly the rumen measurements: m e n NH3 concentrations were higher on foods RH and SH, and men pH lowest on RL. Daily FI was lowest on treatments SL and choice SI/ The mean daily proportion of the low-RDP food in the selected diet was lower when the carbohydrate source was rapidly (choice RI/RH) rather than slowly fermentable (choice SI/SH); this was consistent with the experimental hypothesis. Short-term infusions affected further rumen variables (in the expected directions), irrespective of feeding treatment. However, DS over the 4 h infusion period were unaffected; these short-term DS were consistent with the ones selected over the longer term (daily). The results suggest that the long-term (daily) diet selection of sheep may be affected by the degree of synchrony of energy and protein to the men. The fact that diet selections were not altered further by short-term manipulations of these supplies might reflect inadequacies of the methodology (infusions) adopted here.

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Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of a Combined Intervention of Rope Skipping and Nutrition Education for Overweight Children in Northeast China

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1010539519848275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 348-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ming Hao ◽

Wei Han ◽

Taro Yamauchi

Keyword(s):

Nutrition Education ◽

School Children ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Term Effect ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Combined Intervention ◽

Rope Skipping

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether an exercise intervention, nutrition education, or the combination of both were effective in weight reduction and maintenance for rural school children. Two hundred twenty-nine primary school children aged 9 to 12 years determined as overweight/obese were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: exercise intervention, nutrition education, combination of both, and control. Nutrition education and rope-skipping sessions were performed for 2 months. Anthropometric measurements were administered at baseline, after 2 months (postintervention), and 1 year later (follow-up). The order of change from high to low in the body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) between postintervention and baseline was combined intervention, exercise intervention, and nutrition education. The BMI-SDS between following-up and baseline was for combined intervention, exercise intervention, and nutrition education. The combined intervention had the best short-term and long-term effects. The exercise intervention had a better short-term effect than nutrition education, while nutrition education had a better long-term effect than the exercise intervention.

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Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x15000928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Author(s):

Mary C. Potter

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽

Language Comprehension ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Visual Presentation ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159412 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

D.E. Loudy ◽

J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽

J.T. Yarrington ◽

F.Y. Thompson ◽

J.P. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Induced Aggregation ◽

Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 710-727

Author(s):

Beula M. Magimairaj ◽

Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽

Alexander V. Sergeev ◽

Natalie J. Benafield

Keyword(s):

Auditory Processing ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Group Differences ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Significant Group ◽

Term Memory ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

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