scholarly journals 327 Description of a spinal group performed by a vehicle assembler in brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
JMAP Cidale ◽  
M Nusbaum
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Group

scholarly journals Maximal Subgroups and Irreducible Representations of Generalized Multi-Edge Spinal Groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Klopsch ◽  
Anitha Thillaisundaram
Keyword(s):  
Rooted Tree ◽  
Maximal Subgroups ◽  
Irreducible Representations ◽  
Prime Field ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Profinite Completions ◽  
Spinal Group ◽  
Groups Acting On Trees ◽  
Image Position

AbstractLet p ≥ 3 be a prime. A generalized multi-edge spinal group $$G = \langle \{ a\} \cup \{ b_i^{(j)} {\rm \mid }1 \le j \le p,\, 1 \le i \le r_j\} \rangle \le {\rm Aut}(T)$$ is a subgroup of the automorphism group of a regular p-adic rooted tree T that is generated by one rooted automorphism a and p families $b^{(j)}_{1}, \ldots, b^{(j)}_{r_{j}}$ of directed automorphisms, each family sharing a common directed path disjoint from the paths of the other families. This notion generalizes the concepts of multi-edge spinal groups, including the widely studied GGS groups (named after Grigorchuk, Gupta and Sidki), and extended Gupta–Sidki groups that were introduced by Pervova [‘Profinite completions of some groups acting on trees, J. Algebra310 (2007), 858–879’]. Extending techniques that were developed in these more special cases, we prove: generalized multi-edge spinal groups that are torsion have no maximal subgroups of infinite index. Furthermore, we use tree enveloping algebras, which were introduced by Sidki [‘A primitive ring associated to a Burnside 3-group, J. London Math. Soc.55 (1997), 55–64’] and Bartholdi [‘Branch rings, thinned rings, tree enveloping rings, Israel J. Math.154 (2006), 93–139’], to show that certain generalized multi-edge spinal groups admit faithful infinite-dimensional irreducible representations over the prime field ℤ/pℤ.

MUSCLE GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION IN SWINE AS INFLUENCED BY LIVEWEIGHT, BREED, SEX AND RATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. RICHMOND ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Thoracic Limb ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Spinal Group ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Total Muscle

Muscle distribution was studied in 109 Duroc × Yorkshire, Hampshire × Yorkshire and Yorkshire × Yorkshire barrows and gilts fed either high or low energy rations (3652 and 2757 kcal DE/kg, containing 19.9% and 15.3% protein, respectively) and slaughtered at 23, 68, 91 or 114 kg liveweight. Individually dissected muscles from half carcasses were grouped into nine "standard muscle groups" and expressed as percentages of total side muscle. Slight changes occurred in muscle distribution between 23 and 68 kg liveweight, but remained quite constant thereafter. Breed groups were quite similar except that Duroc × Yorkshire pigs had a significantly greater percentage of muscle in the spinal group. The influence of sex appeared to vary relative to liveweight, with gilts maturing at earlier weights than barrows. Ration influence was negligible except for the distal thoracic limb group, which had a slightly greater percentage of muscle in pigs on the HE ration than the LE ration. Unexplained interactions between sex and ration and sex and breed effects occurred for the thorax to thoracic limb muscle group. Comparisons of the present pig data with those from cattle indicated that, in pigs, diphasic growth patterns may not be as pronounced as in cattle, and that individual muscles may be growing proportionate to total muscle very early in life. There seemed to be little evidence to indicate that selection pressures have had any influence on changing the muscle distribution in swine.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effect of general and spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section on maternal and fetal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Yun Sung ◽  
Hwang-Ju You ◽  
Choon-Kyu Cho ◽  
Young Seok Jee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
General Group ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Spinal Group

Background: Anesthesia is needed to ensure both maternal and fetal safety during cesarean sections. This retrospective cohort study compared maternal and fetal outcomes between general and spinal anesthesia for cesarean section based on perioperative hemodynamic parameters (pre- and postoperative systolic blood pressure, heart rate), mean difference of hematocrit and estimated blood loss, and neonatal Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min.Methods: Data from electronic medical records of 331 singleton pregnancies between January 2016 and December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively; 44 cases were excluded, and 287 cases were assigned to the general group (n = 141) or spinal group (n = 146).Results: Postoperative hemodynamic parameters were significantly higher in the general group than the spinal group (systolic blood pressure: 136.8 ± 16.7 vs. 119.3 ± 12.7 mmHg, heart rate: 93.2 ± 16.8 vs. 71.0 ± 12.7 beats/min, respectively, P < 0.001). The mean difference between the pre- and postoperative hematocrit was also significantly greater in the general than spinal group (4.8 ± 3.4% vs. 2.3 ± 3.9%, respectively, P < 0.001). The estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the spinal than general group (819.9 ± 81.9 vs. 856.7 ± 117.9 ml, P < 0.001). There was a significantly larger proportion of newborns with 5-min Apgar scores < 7 in the general than spinal group (6/141 [4.3%] vs. 0/146 [0%], respectively, P = 0.012). Conclusions: General group is associated with more maternal blood loss and a larger proportion of newborns with 5-min Apgar scores < 7 than spinal group during cesarean sections.

scholarly journals Comparative study between lumbar epidural and spinal anaesthesia in elective caesarean section: comparison of maternal status during operation and in the post operative period

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Moinul Hossain ◽  
Abu Hasanat Md Ahsan Habib ◽  
Md Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Anesthetic Technique ◽  
Maternal Satisfaction ◽  
Epidural Group ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spinal Group

The caesarean section (C/S) is preferably done under regional techniques like spinal and epidural anesthesia. Both these techniques are also preferable to general anaesthesia which allows the mother to remain awake during caesarean delivery. After the approval of the institutional ethical committee, sixty (60) patients were equally divided into group-I (Spinal group) and ‘group-II (Epidural group). The intraoperative hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure & heart rate) and any event like nausea, vomiting, discomfort, shivering and the overall maternal satisfaction were compared between the groups. During post operative period mothers were interviewed for pain relief and choice of anesthetic technique. The mothers were also interviewed regarding their experiences of present anesthetic technique in comparison to the previous experiences. All data were analyzed statistically. The epidural group is significantly superior to spinal group in maternal satisfaction, frequency & magnitude of hypotension and postoperative pain relief. The hypotension that was needed to be treated with vasopressor was significantly different between the two groups (Spinal 33.33%, Epidural 10.00%, P<0.05). There is no significant difference between the groups regarding the analgesic requirement. The mothers of epidural group had chosen the technique and recommended this as the ideal technique for elective CS. But the time taken to start operation after the epidural anaesthesia was longer than spinal technique. The prolong onset to start the operation is an opportunity to make rapport between the mother and the anesthesiologist. Journal of BSA, 2008; 21(2): 61-66

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Spinal Analgesia for Labor Pain Compared with Epidural Analgesia

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Rahmati ◽  
Mohammadali Shahriari ◽  
Ali Shahriari ◽  
Masoomeh Nataj ◽  
Zeinab Shabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Spinal Analgesia ◽  
Maternal Satisfaction ◽  
Epidural Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spinal Group

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the analgesic effect of single-dose spinal versus epidural analgesia for labor pain to verify if applying a single dose spinal analgesia is an efficient technique for labor pain management as an alternative for epidural analgesia. Methods: A total of 128 women in the active phase of labor were randomly allocated into two groups of spinal analgesia (n = 64) and epidural analgesia (n = 64). The latter received a bolus dose of 16 mL of 0.125% bupivacaine and 50 μg fentanyl and repeated 5 - 10 mL of bolus dose. The former received 2.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 50μg fentanyl. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). The duration of analgesia, mode of delivery, the duration of labor, side effects, and maternal satisfaction were also compared. Results: There were no significant differences in the rate of cesarean section, duration of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, and the frequency of the fetal heart deceleration until 30 min after analgesia between the two groups. Measured pain after 30 (P = 0.0001) and 90 min (P = 0.01) was significantly lower in the spinal group than the epidural group. However, there was no significant difference between the spinal and epidural groups concerning the VAS scores at 150, 210, and 270 minutes. Maternal satisfaction was higher in the spinal group (P = 0.002). The mean duration of analgesia was longer in the spinal group than the epidural group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: According to the findings, single-dose spinal analgesia, compared to epidural analgesia, is a safe, fast, and efficient technique for labor analgesia, which can be easily performed. In addition, it provides a high satisfaction level in the parturient.

A Prospective Study to Compare the Effects of General Anaesthesia and Regional Anaesthesia among Patients Posted for Laparoscopic Appendicectomy, in SV Medical College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (26) ◽  
pp. 2333-2338
Author(s):  
Nirmala Devi B ◽  
Surisetty Sreenivasa Rao ◽  
Raju Bhukya
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Regional Anaesthesia ◽  
Laparoscopic Appendicectomy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Spinal Group

BACKGROUND We wanted to compare the effects of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia in cases posted for laparoscopic appendicectomy and also compare various parameters like hemodynamic changes, postoperative analgesia, and postoperative complications in both the techniques. METHODS After obtaining permission from scientific and ethical committee of SVMC, Tirupati, we conducted the study on 60 patients attending SV Medical College, Tirupati from September 2018 to August 2019, who were in ASA GRADE 1 & 2, and posted for laparoscopic appendicectomy. We divided them into two groups Group - S – those who received spinal anaesthesia & Group - G – those who received general anaesthesia. RESULTS 60 patients of ASA 1 and 2 were taken up for laparoscopic appendicectomy from September 2018 to August 2019. Out of 60 patients, 30 patients were grouped under Group - S, Other 30 patients grouped under Group - G. Intraoperative vitals, including blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate and end-tidal CO2 levels, were within baseline values, whereas postoperative analgesia was better in Group - S than Group - G. There were 3 patients in the spinal group who developed postoperative hypotension and were managed with injection mephentermine sulphate. Out of 30 in each group, 11 patients in spinal, and 22 patients in GA group developed postoperative nausea and vomiting, which subsided with antiemetics. There were 4 patients in spinal, and 3 patients in the GA group who complained of shoulder tip pain in the postoperative period. Patients had minimal pain and no requirement of analgesia in the initial 3 hours of the postoperative period in the spinal group. CONCLUSIONS Patients who underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy under spinal anaesthesia (Group - S) showed significant postoperative analgesia (P - value < 0.05) and better haemodynamic stability than the patients who underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy under general anaesthesia (Group - G), But alertness for any emergency by anaesthesiologist was more needed in spinal anaesthesia than general anaesthesia because airway was not protected, and patient was taking spontaneous respirations. KEYWORDS RA - Regional Anaesthesia, SA - Spinal Anaesthesia, GA - General Anaesthesia, PONV (Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting)

scholarly journals Ultrasound guided peripheral nerve block as alternative to subarachnoid block in total hip replacement arthroplasty: a retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Anuj Jung Rayamajhi ◽  
Prashanta Paudel ◽  
Subash Chandra Paudel ◽  
Bidur Kumar Dhungel ◽  
Rupesh Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Block ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Fentanyl Consumption ◽  
Spinal Group

Background: Ultrasound guided peripheral nerve blocks have become increasingly popular in the lower limb orthopaedic and gaining more acceptances in total hip replacement surger­ies too. The main objective of this study was to compare peripheral nerve block and spinal anesthesia for total hip replacement surgeries. Methods: In this retrospective study, total patients that underwent total hip replacement in our institution during specific time period were included for the study. They were divided into spinal and peripheral nerve block groups, and data were collected for the analysis. USG guided lumbar plexus, sacral plexus, superior gluteal nerve block was done and conventional landmark technique was done for spinal group. Mean arterial blood pressure, total fluid con­sumption, total fentanyl consumption, pain scores and incidence of nausea was compared. Results: We included 43 patients for the study in which 23 patients were included in nerve block group, and 20 patients in the spinal group. In compared to spinal group, nerve block group had more stable mean arterial blood pressure (P <0.05), less total fluid consumption (P=.000), lower pain scores and fentanyl consumption (P <0.05), and less incidence of nausea (4% to 20%). Conclusions: Peripheral nerve block can be good alternative to spinal anesthesia for total hip replacement surgeries, with more hemodynamic stability and better pain management along with less opioid and fluid consumption.

scholarly journals A Prospective Randomised Trial Comparing Spinal Anaesthesia using Hyperbaric Cinchocaine with General Anaesthesia for Lower Limb Vascular Surgery

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Cook ◽  
M. J. davies ◽  
K. D. Cronin ◽  
P. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spinal Group ◽  
General Anaesthesia Group

One hundred and one patients were randomly allocated to have their peripheral vascular surgery performed under general anaesthesia (51 patients) or spinal anaesthesia (50 patients). Intraoperative haemodynamic changes were markedly different between the two groups with a higher incidence of hypotension in the spinal group (72% vs 31%) and a higher incidence of hypertension in the general anaesthesia group (22% vs 0%). Blood loss was significantly less in the spinal group (560, SD 340, ml vs 792, SD 440, ml). Postoperatively three patients from the general anaesthesia group died from causes unrelated to the anaesthesia, and one had a myocardial infarct. Two patients in the spinal group had myocardial infarcts, both had been treated for bradycardia and hypotension intraoperatively, and one died. There was a significantly higher incidence of postoperative chest infection in the general anaesthesia group (33% vs 16%). There was no significant difference between the groups in the incidence of postoperative confusion, or lower limb amputation rate or need for further surgery prior to hospital discharge.

Preliminary findings and outcomes associated with the use of a continuous spinal protocol for labor pain relief following accidental dural puncture

2019 ◽  
pp. rapm-2019-100544
Author(s):  
Marcos Izquierdo ◽  
Xiao-Feng Wang ◽  
Karl Wagner III ◽  
Cristian Prada ◽  
Augusto Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dural Puncture ◽  
Epidural Blood Patch ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Postdural Puncture Headache ◽  
Epidural Group ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Blood Patch ◽  
Accidental Dural Puncture ◽  
Spinal Group

BackgroundVarious interventions have shown promise in reducing complications following accidental dural puncture. However, these have yet to be studied as a single, comprehensive protocol. The aim of this study is to compare outcomes associated with the use of a continuous spinal protocol for labor pain relief versus resiting the epidural catheter following accidental dural puncture.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of patients managed via our continuous spinal protocol and compared this group with patients for whom the epidural was resited following accidental dural puncture during the 5-year period prior to implementing our protocol. We assessed incidence of postdural puncture headache, epidural blood patch, frequency of catheter replacement, use of pressors, verbal pain scores at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours following catheter placement, infection rates (meningitis/epidural abscess) and mode of delivery.ResultsThere were 129 women in the continuous spinal protocol group and 52 in the resited epidural group. The incidence of postdural puncture headache was lower in the continuous spinal group versus the resited epidural group (21.7% vs 67.3%, p<0.001), and the incidence of epidural blood patch was lower in the continuous spinal group versus the resited epidural group (12.4% vs 50.0%, p<0.001). Verbal pain scores were consistently lower in the continuous spinal group compared with the resited epidural group at all time intervals studied.ConclusionPatients managed via this continuous spinal protocol had significantly lower incidence of postdural puncture headache and epidural blood patch with more effective labor analgesia following accidental dural puncture.

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