scholarly journals The effect of early growth patterns and lung function on the development of childhood asthma: a population based study

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1137-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Casas ◽  
Herman T den Dekker ◽  
Claudia J Kruithof ◽  
Irwin K Reiss ◽  
Martine Vrijheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Peak Weight ◽  
Weight Velocity

BackgroundInfant weight gain is associated with lower lung function and a higher risk of childhood asthma. Detailed individual childhood growth patterns might be better predictors of childhood respiratory morbidity than the difference between two weight and height measurements. We assessed the associations of early childhood growth patterns with lung function and asthma at the age of 10 years and whether the child’s current body mass index (BMI) influenced any association.MethodsWe derived peak height and weight growth velocity, BMI at adiposity peak, and age at adiposity peak from longitudinally measured weight and height data in the first 3 years of life of 4435 children enrolled in a population-based prospective cohort study. At 10 years of age, spirometry was performed and current asthma was assessed by questionnaire. Spirometry outcomes included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flow after exhaling 75% of vital capacity (FEF75).ResultsGreater peak weight velocity was associated with higher FVC but lower FEV1/FVC and FEF75. Greater BMI at adiposity peak was associated with higher FVC and FEV1 but lower FEV1/FVC and FEF75. Greater age at adiposity peak was associated with higher FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF75, particularly in children with a small size at birth, and lower odds of current asthma in boys. The child’s current BMI only explained the associations of peak weight velocity and BMI at adiposity peak with FVC and FEV1. Peak height velocity was not consistently associated with impaired lung function or asthma.ConclusionPeak weight velocity and BMI at adiposity peak were associated with reduced airway patency in relation to lung volume, whereas age at adiposity peak was associated with higher lung function parameters and lower risk of asthma at 10 years, particularly in boys.

scholarly journals Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 reference equations for spirometry in the Norwegian population

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnulf Langhammer ◽  
Ane Johannessen ◽  
Turid L. Holmen ◽  
Hasse Melbye ◽  
Sanja Stanojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Reference Equations ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Lower Limit Of Normal

We studied the fit of the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) all-age reference values to Norwegians, compared them with currently used references (European Community for Steel and Coal (ECSC) and Zapletal) and estimated the prevalence of obstructive lung disease.Spirometry data collected in 30 239 subjects (51.7% females) aged 12–90 years in three population-based studies were converted to z-scores.We studied healthy non-smokers comprising 2438 adults (57.4% females) aged 20–90 years and 8725 (47.7% female) adolescents aged 12–19 years. The GLI-2012 prediction equations fitted the Norwegian data satisfactorily. Median±sd z-scores were respectively 0.02±1.03, 0.01±1.04 and −0.04±0.91 for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC in males, and −0.01±1.02, 0.07±0.97 and −0.21±0.82 in females. The ECSC and Zapletal references significantly underestimated FEV1 and FVC. Stricter criteria of obstruction (FEV1/FVC <GLI-2012 lower limit of normal (LLN)) carried a substantially higher risk of obstructive characteristics than FEV1/FVC <0.7 and >GLI-2012 LLN. Corresponding comparison regarding myocardial infarction showed a four-fold higher risk for women.The GLI-2012 reference values fit the Norwegian data satisfactorily and are recommended for use in Norway. Correspondingly, the FEV1/FVC GLI-2012 LLN identifies higher risk of obstructive characteristics than FEV1/FVC <0.7.

scholarly journals Associations between blood eosinophils and decline in lung function among adults with and without asthma

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1702536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hancox ◽  
Ian D. Pavord ◽  
Malcolm R. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Blood Eosinophils ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

Eosinophilic inflammation and airway remodelling are characteristic features of asthma, but the association between them is unclear. We assessed associations between blood eosinophils and lung function decline in a population-based cohort of young adults.We used linear mixed models to analyse associations between blood eosinophils and spirometry at 21, 26, 32 and 38 years adjusting for sex, smoking, asthma and spirometry at age 18 years. We further analysed associations between mean eosinophil counts and changes in spirometry from ages 21 to 38 years.Higher eosinophils were associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratios and lower FEV1 % predicted values for both pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry (all p-values ≤0.048). Although eosinophil counts were higher in participants with asthma, the associations between eosinophils and spirometry were similar among participants without asthma or wheeze. Participants with mean eosinophil counts >0.4×109 cells·L−1 between 21 and 38 years had greater declines in FEV1/FVC ratios (difference 1.8%, 95% CI 0.7–2.9%; p=0.001) and FEV1 values (difference 3.4% pred, 95% CI 1.5–5.4% pred); p=0.001) than those with lower counts.Blood eosinophils are associated with airflow obstruction and enhanced decline in lung function, independently of asthma and smoking. Eosinophilia is a risk factor for airflow obstruction even in those without symptoms.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of early childhood growth phenotypes gives insights into their link with later obesity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maneka G. De Silva ◽  
Sylvain Sebert ◽  
Alexessander Couto Alves ◽  
Ulla Sovio ◽  
Shikta Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractEarly childhood growth patterns are associated with adult metabolic health, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We performed genome-wide meta-analyses and follow-up in up to 22,769 European children for six early growth phenotypes derived from longitudinal data: peak height and weight velocities, age and body mass index (BMI) at adiposity peak (AP ~9 months) and rebound (AR ~5-6 years). We identified four associated loci (P< 5x10−8): LEPR/LEPROT with BMI at AP, FTO and TFAP2B with Age at AR and GNPDA2 with BMI at AR. The observed AR-associated SNPs at FTO, TFAP2B and GNPDA2 represent known adult BMI-associated variants. The common BMI at AP associated variant at LEPR/LEPROT was not associated with adult BMI but was associated with LEPROT gene expression levels, especially in subcutaneous fat (P<2x10−51). We identify strong positive genetic correlations between early growth and later adiposity traits, and analysis of the full discovery stage results for Age at AR revealed enrichment for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling and apolipoprotein pathways. This genome-wide association study suggests mechanistic links between early childhood growth and adiposity in later childhood and adulthood, highlighting these early growth phenotypes as potential targets for the prevention of obesity.

Early childhood growth patterns and lung function and asthma at 10 years

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Casas Sanahuja ◽  
Herman T. Den Dekker ◽  
Claudia J. Kruithof ◽  
Irwin K. Reiss ◽  
Martine Vrijheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Childhood Growth

scholarly journals Peak weight velocity in infancy is negatively associated with lung function in adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flexeder Claudia ◽  
Elisabeth Thiering ◽  
Andrea von Berg ◽  
Dietrich Berdel ◽  
Barbara Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Peak Weight ◽  
Weight Velocity

scholarly journals Peak weight velocity in infancy is negatively associated with lung function in adolescence

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Flexeder ◽  
Elisabeth Thiering ◽  
Andrea Von Berg ◽  
Dietrich Berdel ◽  
Barbara Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Peak Weight ◽  
Weight Velocity

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis during pregnancy and childhood asthma-related morbidity: a population-based prospective cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1901829
Author(s):  
Evelien R. van Meel ◽  
Marina Attanasi ◽  
Vincent W.V. Jaddoe ◽  
Irwin K.M. Reiss ◽  
Henriëtte A. Moll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

IntroductionChlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease and although infection during pregnancy is associated with neonatal complications, long-term respiratory consequences are unknown. We aimed to determine whether C. trachomatis infection during pregnancy is associated with asthma-related symptoms across childhoodMethodsThis study among 2475 children and their mothers was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study. Maternal urine samples were tested for C. trachomatis infection during pregnancy. Questionnaires provided information on childhood physician-attended lower respiratory tract infections and wheezing, and current asthma at age 10 years. Lung function was measured by spirometry at age 10 years.ResultsThe prevalence of C. trachomatis infection during pregnancy was 3.2% (78 out of 2475). C. trachomatis infection during pregnancy was not associated with lower respiratory tract infections until age 6 years, but was associated with a higher odds of wheezing in children until age 10 years (OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.10–2.03)). C. trachomatis infection during pregnancy was associated with an increased odds of asthma (OR 2.29 (95% CI 1.02–5.13)), and with a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (z-score difference −0.28 (95% CI −0.52– −0.04) and −0.24 (95% CI −0.46– −0.01), respectively) in children at age 10 years. The observed associations were only partly explained by mode of delivery, gestational age at birth or birthweight.ConclusionsC. trachomatis infection during pregnancy is associated with increased odds of wheezing, asthma and impaired lung function. The causality of the observed associations and potential underlying mechanisms need to be explored.

scholarly journals Early childhood growth is associated with lung function at 7 years: a prospective population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 2000157
Author(s):  
Gabriela P. Peralta ◽  
Alicia Abellan ◽  
Parisa Montazeri ◽  
Mikel Basterrechea ◽  
Ana Esplugues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Bmi Trajectories

Previous studies have related early postnatal growth with later lung function but their interpretation is limited by the methods used to assess a child's growth. We aimed to assess the association of early childhood growth, measured by body mass index (BMI) trajectories up to 4 years, with lung function at 7 years.We included 1257 children from the Spanish Infancia y Medio Ambiente population-based birth cohort. Early childhood growth was classified into five categories based on BMI trajectories up to 4 years previously identified using latent class growth analysis. These trajectories differed in birth size (“lower”, “average”, “higher”) and in BMI gain velocity (“slower”, “accelerated”). We related these trajectories to lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of FVC (FEF25–75%)) at 7 years, using multivariable mixed regression.Compared to children with average birth size and slower BMI gain (reference), children with higher birth size and accelerated BMI gain had a higher FVC % pred (3.3%, 95% CI 1.0%–5.6%) and a lower FEV1/FVC % pred (−1.5%, 95% CI −2.9%–−0.1%) at 7 years. Similar associations were observed for children with lower birth size and accelerated BMI gain. Children with lower birth size and slower BMI gain had lower FVC % pred at 7 years. No association was found for FEF25–75%.Independently of birth size, children with accelerated BMI gain in early childhood had higher lung function at 7 years but showed airflow limitation. Children with lower birth size and slower BMI gain in early childhood had lower lung function at 7 years.

Onset of Puberty in MZ and DZ Twins

1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siv Fischbein
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Maximal Height ◽  
Peak Weight ◽  
Weight Velocity

A twin study on the significance of genetic factors for the variation in peak height and peak weight velocity, as well as in age at menarche and the development of secondary sex characteristics, is presented. Evidence of a rather strong genetic regulation of the occurrence of puberty was obtained in the analysis. The maximal height or weight gain (in cm/year or kg/year) seems to be, at least in girls, less influenced by genetic factors than the age at which it appears.

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