scholarly journals Evolving IQOS packaging designs change perceptions of product appeal, uniqueness, quality and safety: a randomised experiment, 2018, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (e1) ◽  
pp. e52-e55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G L Lee ◽  
Tiffany M Blanchflower ◽  
Kevin F O'Brien ◽  
Paige E Averett ◽  
Leslie E Cofie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Intention ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Cigarette Brand ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundGlobally, the tobacco industry is promoting heated tobacco products. These products may represent a strategy to promote dual use of tobacco products. One product, IQOS from Philip Morris International, is being proposed in the USA for marketing as a less harmful product. The visual design of tobacco products can influence consumers by implying product characteristics. Thus, we sought to test the impact of IQOS packaging designs on cognitive, affective and behavioural intention responses.MethodsFrom existing IQOS packages used globally, we developed three IQOS packages that decreasingly linked the product to the Marlboro brand. In September to October 2018, we assigned participants randomly to one package in an online experiment. All participants (n=954) were US adults reporting current smoking and no colour blindness. The experiment used quota sampling to ensure diversity by gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity and education. Measures were informed by the Context of Consumption Framework. To assess differences in ratings, we conducted non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests with post hoc comparisons using Dunn’s test.ResultsWe found significant differences in cognitive indicators including appeal (H=6.87, p=0.03), uniqueness (H=15.68, p<0.01), brand equity–quality (H=122.35, p<0.01) and perceived safety compared with other tobacco products (H=14.27, p<0.01). Participants rated packages similarly on affective and behavioural intention measures. All were rated low for talking to others about the product and high for interest in trying with a coupon.ConclusionLinking or separating IQOS products with a well-established cigarette brand changes how adult smokers respond to the product. Regulators should consider the visual design of packaging.

FDA’s reduced exposure marketing order for IQOS: why it is not a reliable global model

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056316
Author(s):  
Lauren Kass Lempert ◽  
Stella Bialous ◽  
Stanton Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Sales And Marketing ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued orders in July 2020 authorising Philip Morris Products S.A. to market its heated tobacco product (HTP) IQOS inside the USA with claims that it reduces exposure to some dangerous substances. FDA’s ‘reduced-exposure’ orders explicitly prohibit the marketing of IQOS with claims that IQOS will reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related diseases. Under US law, FDA’s IQOS orders are problematic because FDA disregarded valid scientific evidence that IQOS increases exposure to other dangerous toxins and that Philip Morris Products S.A. failed to demonstrate that consumers understand the difference between reduced-exposure and reduced-harm claims. Unfortunately, both ‘reduced-exposure’ and ‘reduced-harm’ are classified as ‘modified risk tobacco products’ under US law. Exploiting this confusion, Philip Morris International used the FDA decision as the basis for marketing and public relations campaigns outside the USA to press governments to reverse policies that ban or regulate the sales and marketing of HTPs, including IQOS. Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control should reject tobacco companies’ unsubstantiated explicit or implied claims of reduced harm associated with HTPs and resist Philip Morris International’s and other companies’ calls to relax HTP regulations based on the FDA’s actions. Instead, parties should adopt policies aligned with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control when dealing with HTPs and other novel tobacco products.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of a new tobacco product: review of Philip Morris International’s Population Health Impact Model as applied to the IQOS heated tobacco product

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s82-s86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy B Max ◽  
Hai-Yen Sung ◽  
James Lightwood ◽  
Yingning Wang ◽  
Tingting Yao
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
New Product ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWe review the Population Health Impact Model (PHIM) developed by Philip Morris International and used in its application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market its heated tobacco product (HTP), IQOS, as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP). We assess the model against FDA guidelines for MRTP applications and consider more general criteria for evaluating reduced-risk tobacco products.MethodsIn assessing the PHIM against FDA guidelines, we consider two key components of the model: the assumptions implicit in the model (outcomes included, relative harm of the new product vs cigarettes, tobacco-related diseases considered, whether dual or polyuse of the new product is modelled, and what other tobacco products are included) and data used to estimate and validate model parameters (transition rates between non-smoking, cigarette-only smoking, dual use of cigarettes and MRTP, and MRTP-only use; and starting tobacco use prevalence).ResultsThe PHIM is a dynamic state transition model which models the impact of cigarette and MRTP use on mortality from four tobacco-attributable diseases. The PHIM excludes morbidity, underestimates mortality, excludes tobacco products other than cigarettes, does not include FDA-recommended impacts on non-users and underestimates the impact on other population groups.ConclusionThe PHIM underestimates the health impact of HTP products and cannot be used to justify an MRTP claim. An assessment of the impact of a potential MRTP on population health should include a comprehensive measure of health impacts, consideration of all groups impacted, and documented and justifiable assumptions regarding model parameters.

scholarly journals Heated tobacco products likely appeal to adolescents and young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s41-s47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karma McKelvey ◽  
Lucy Popova ◽  
Minji Kim ◽  
Benjamin W Chaffee ◽  
Maya Vijayaraghavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1960S

BackgroundBeginning in the 1960s in the USA and globally since 1998, tobacco companies have beenaggressively promoting heated tobacco products (HTP). In 2016, Philip Morris International (PMI) applied to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking authorisation to market their IQOS HTP system and flavoured ‘HeatSticks’ in the USA as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP).MethodsWe systematically evaluated the publicly available data PMI submitted to FDA in its MRTP application to determine whether PMI’s IQOS product meets the US Tobacco Control Act’s standard for MRTP claims. We examined whether PMI provided sufficient data showing tobacco users will not initiate with IQOS, that youth will not misperceive the MRTP-related claims being made concerning IQOS, and how youth perceive health risks associated with IQOS.ResultsPMI’s own studies failed to provide evidence that youth, including non-users and former users, will not find IQOS appealing, will not initiate use of IQOS and will not perceive these products as risk-free. Further, PMI did not refer to independent studies conducted among adolescents which could influence their conclusions. Finally, their studies suffered from design and implementation flaws and cannot be relied on to support the proffered claims.ConclusionPMI’s own data and available evidence from scientific studies conducted independent of the tobacco industry regarding how novel tobacco products are currently being marketed suggest that introduction of IQOS will result in adolescent and young adult non-users initiating tobacco use with IQOS and could also increase poly-use of IQOS along with other tobacco products.

scholarly journals Heated tobacco product regulation under US law and the FCTC

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s118-s125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Kass Lempert ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Product Labelling ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
The Public ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Product Regulation ◽  
The Usa

Tobacco companies are marketing new ‘heated tobacco products’ (HTPs) composed of battery-powered holders, chargers and tobacco plugs or sticks. The non-tobacco HTP components have escaped effective regulation under many countries’ tobacco control laws because they are packaged and sold separately from the tobacco-containing components. In the USA, HTPs cannot be marketed unless the Food and Drug Administration determines that allowing their sale would be ‘appropriate for the protection of the public health’. Philip Morris International (PMI) is seeking permission to market its IQOS HTP in the USA with ‘modified risk tobacco product’ (MRTP) claims that it reduces exposure to harmful substances and is less harmful than other tobacco products. However, PMI has not submitted adequate scientific evidence required by US law to demonstrate that the product is significantly less harmful to users than other tobacco products, that its labelling would not mislead consumers, or that its marketing—with or without MRTP claims—would benefit the health of the population as a whole. Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) must take measures to reduce tobacco use and nicotine addiction, and prevent false or misleading tobacco product labelling, advertising and promotions; the introduction of new HTPs must be assessed according to these goals. All components of HTPs should be regulated at least as stringently as existing tobacco products, including restrictions on labelling, advertising, promotion and sponsorship, sales to minors, price and taxation policies and smokefree measures. There is nothing in US law or the FCTC that prevents authorities from prohibiting HTPs.

scholarly journals Assessment of industry data on pulmonary and immunosuppressive effects of IQOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s20-s25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Moazed ◽  
Lauren Chun ◽  
Michael A Matthay ◽  
Carolyn S Calfee ◽  
Jeffrey Gotts
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

IntroductionHeated tobacco products are being touted as novel reduced-harm tobacco products by tobacco companies. In the USA, Philip Morris International submitted a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application to the US Food and Drug Administration in 2016 in which it purports that its heated tobacco product, I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking (IQOS), is associated with reduced harm compared with conventional cigarettes.MethodsWe reviewed Philip Morris International’s MRTP application to assess the pulmonary and immune toxicities associated with IQOS use in both animal and human studies.ResultsAmong rats exposed to IQOS, there was evidence of pulmonary inflammation and immunomodulation. In human users, there was no evidence of improvement in pulmonary inflammation or pulmonary function in cigarette smokers who were switched to IQOS.ConclusionIQOS is associated with significant pulmonary and immunomodulatory toxicities with no detectable differences between conventional cigarette smokers and those who were switched to IQOS in Philip Morris International’s studies. Philip Morris International also failed to consider how dual use and secondhand aerosol exposure may further impact, and likely increase, the harms associated with these products.

scholarly journals Light and mild redux: heated tobacco products’ reduced exposure claims are likely to be misunderstood as reduced risk claims

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s87-s95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Popova ◽  
Lauren Kass Lempert ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Reduced Risk

IntroductionHeated tobacco products (HTPs) are being marketed in several countries around the world with claims that they are less harmful than combusted cigarettes, based on assertions that they expose users to lower levels of toxicants. In the USA, Philip Morris International (PMI) has submitted an application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2016 seeking authorisation to market its HTPs, IQOS, with reduced risk and reduced exposure claims.MethodsWe examined the PMI’s Perception and Behavior Assessment Studies evaluating perceptions of reduced risk claims that were submitted to the FDA and made publicly available.ResultsQualitative and quantitative studies conducted by PMI demonstrate that adult consumers in the USA perceive reduced exposure claims as reduced risk claims.ConclusionThe data in the PMI modified risk tobacco product IQOS application do not support reduced risk claims and the reduced exposure claims are perceived as reduced risk claims, which is explicitly prohibited by the FDA. Allowing PMI to promote IQOS as reduced exposure would amount to a legally sanctioned repeat of the ‘light’ and ‘mild’ fraud which, for conventional cigarettes, is prohibited by the US law and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

scholarly journals IQOS: examination of Philip Morris International’s claim of reduced exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s30-s36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon St.Helen ◽  
Peyton Jacob III ◽  
Natalie Nardone ◽  
Neal L Benowitz
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Aerosol Chemistry ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Human Exposure Assessment ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundNew electronic heated tobacco products are being introduced in the global market and are gaining popularity. In 2016, Philip Morris International, Inc. (PMI) submitted a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market IQOS in the USA with claims of reduced exposure and reduced risk.MethodsWe examined PMI’s MRTP application, specifically sections on aerosol chemistry and human exposure assessment, to assess the validity of PMI’s claims of reduced exposure and risk.FindingsPMI reported levels for only 40 of 93 harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) on FDA’s HPHC list in IQOS mainstream aerosol. All substances in PMI’s list of 58 constituents (PMI-58) were lower in IQOS emissions compared with mainstream smoke of 3R4F reference cigarettes. However, levels of 56 other constituents, which are not included in the PMI-58 list or FDA’s list of HPHCs, were higher in IQOS emissions; 22 were >200% higher and seven were >1000% higher than in 3R4F reference cigarette smoke. PMI’s studies also show significantly lower systemic exposure to some HPHCs from use of IQOS compared with smoking combustible cigarettes.ConclusionPMI’s data appear to support PMI’s claim that IQOS reduces exposure to HPHCs. However, PMI’s data also show significantly higher levels of several substances that are not recognised as HPHCs by the FDA in IQOS emissions compared with combustible cigarette smoke. The impact of these substances on the overall toxicity or harm of IQOS is not known.

scholarly journals PMI’s own in vivo clinical data on biomarkers of potential harm in Americans show that IQOS is not detectably different from conventional cigarettes

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s9-s12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Reduced Risk

IntroductionNew ‘heated tobacco products’ are being marketed in several countries with claims that they expose users to lower levels of toxins than conventional cigarettes which could be read as being less likely to cause health problems than conventional cigarettes. In the USA, Philip Morris International (PMI) has submitted an application to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to market its heated tobacco product, IQOS, with reduced exposure and reduced risk claims.MethodsAnalysis of detailed results on 24 biomarkers of potential harm in PMI studies of humans using IQOS compared with humans using conventional cigarettes.ResultsAmong American adults, there is no statistically detectable difference between IQOS and conventional cigarette users for 23 of the 24 biomarkers of potential harm in PMI’s studies. In Japan, there were no significant differences between people using IQOS and conventional cigarettes in 10 of 13 biomarkers of potential harm. It is likely that some of the significant differences are false positives.ConclusionDespite delivering lower levels of some toxins than conventional cigarettes, PMI’s own data fail to show consistently lower risks of harm in humans using its heated tobacco product, IQOS, than conventional cigarettes.

THE IMPACT OF UKRAINE'S EXCISE DUTY POLICY ON THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE TOBACCO MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Nadiia NOVYTSKA ◽  
◽  
Inna KHLIEBNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transformation Processes

The market of tobacco products in Ukraine is one of the most dynamic and competitive. It develops under the influence of certain factors that cause structural changes, therefore, the aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of transformation processes in the market of tobacco and their alternatives in Ukraine and identify the factors that cause them. The high level of tax burden and the proliferation of alternative products with a potentially lower risk to human health, including heating tobacco products and e-cigarettes, are key factors in the market’s transformation process. Their presence leads to an increase in illicit turnover of tobacco products, which accounts for 6.37% of the market, and the gradual replacement of cigarettes with alternative products, which account for 12.95%. The presence on the market of products that are not taxed or taxed at lower rates is one of the reasons for the reduction of excise duty revenues. According to the results of 2019, the planned indicators of revenues were not met by 23.5%. Other reasons for non-fulfillment of excise duty revenues include: declining dynamics of the tobacco products market; reduction in the number of smokers; reorientation of «cheap whites» cigarette flows from Ukraine to neighboring countries; tax avoidance. Prospects for further research are identified, namely the need to develop measures for state regulation and optimization of excise duty taxation of tobacco products and their alternatives, taking into account the risks to public health and increasing demand of illegal products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document