Tool to monitor tobacco control policy implementation: the Tobacco Control Scale in Latin America. Adaptation process and pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056395
Author(s):  
Ariadna Feliu ◽  
Cristina Martinez ◽  
Armando Peruga ◽  
Luk Joossens ◽  
Eduardo Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies

BackgroundMonitoring tobacco control policy implementation is one of the keys for tobacco consumption reduction in Latin America (LA). This study reports on the adaptation of the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) for use in LA countries and the level of tobacco control policy implementation in this region according to the scale.MethodsEcological cross-sectional survey. The questionnaire to measure tobacco control policies was a translated (into Spanish and Portuguese) and adapted version of the last TCS as used in Europe. The resulting TCS-LA maintains the same structure as the original TCS, with eight policy domains and 100 points (pts) as maximum score; however, four policy domains were adapted because the exact same rationale could not be applied. At least two non-governmental tobacco control experts were contacted per country to answer the TCS-LA.ResultsInformants from 17 out of 18 countries completed the questionnaire. Using the TCS-LA, Panama (70 pts), Uruguay (68 pts) and Ecuador (61 pts) exhibited the strongest tobacco control policies, while Guatemala (32 pts), Bolivia (30 pts) and Dominican Republic (29 pts) have implemented a lower number of tobacco control policies. Eight countries reached 50% of the TCS-LA total possible score, indicating a relatively good implementation level of tobacco control policies.ConclusionsPanama, Uruguay and Ecuador are the tobacco control policy leaders in LA; however, tobacco control in the region has room for improvement since nine countries have a total score under 50 pts. The TCS is a feasible and adaptable tool to monitor tobacco control in other WHO regions beyond Europe.

scholarly journals The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Feliu ◽  
Filippos T. Filippidis ◽  
Luk Joossens ◽  
Beladenta Amalia ◽  
Olena Tigova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies

AbstractEuropean countries have made significant progress in implementing tobacco control policies to reduce tobacco use; however, whether socioeconomic status (SES) of a country may influence the implementation of such policies is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the association between country-level SES and the implementation level of tobacco control policies in 31 European countries. An ecological study using data from Eurostat, Human Development Reports on several SES indicators and the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) of 2016 was conducted to measure country-level tobacco control policies. We analysed the relationship between SES indicators and the TCS by means of scatter-plots and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (rsp) and multivariable linear regression analysis. In Europe, no statistically significant association was found between SES factors and the level of implementation of tobacco control policies. Only public spending on tobacco control was associated with all SES factors, except for Gini Index (an income inequality index). The strongest associations of TCS scores for this policy domain were found with the Human Development Index (rsp = 0.586; p < 0.001) and the Gross Domestic Product per capita (in Euros) (rsp = 0.562; p = 0.001). The adjusted linear regression model showed an association of tobacco control policy implementation with countries’ geographical location (Western Europe, β = − 15.7; p = 0.009, compared to Northern Europe). In conclusion, no association was found between SES factors and the level of implementation of tobacco control policies in 31 European countries; policymakers should be aware that tobacco control policies could be successfully implemented despite socioeconomic constraints, especially when these policies are of low cost and cost-effective (i.e., smoke-free bans and taxation).

Tobacco Control Policy Based on Environmental Protection Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-391
Author(s):  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Based on the environmental protection law, this paper analyzes our current tobacco control policy and studies the effectiveness of the follow-up policy. Methods: This paper studies the impact of environmental law on tobacco industry and tobacco control from the legislative principles and regulatory subjects of environmental protection law. Grasping the basic connotation of tobacco control policy is the premise of understanding and implementing tobacco control. This paper analyzes tobacco control policy from the perspective of policy network and policy tools. Through the description of Smith policy model, find out the deficiencies in the implementation of tobacco control policy. Results: The smoking population in China tends to be younger, and the control of teenagers' smoking behavior should be more strict. Conduct investigation and management around the school, put forward certain requirements for students' parents, and carry out health education for students. Based on the legislative intention of environmental protection law, we should use policy tools, policy network and policy implementation process theory to supervise and manage the whole process of tobacco control implementation in China from the aspects of tobacco system, policy formulation, policy implementation and policy evaluation.. Conclusion: The government should strengthen the scientificity of tobacco control policy-making and improve its operability and unity. It should improve the implementation system of tobacco control policies and improve the construction of law enforcement subjects. An effective administrative punishment mechanism should be established and the information disclosure system of tobacco control policy should be strengthened. The social members should be guided to participate in and supervise. We should evaluate tobacco control policies and strive to improve the formulation, implementation and evaluation of tobacco control policies.

scholarly journals Support for E-cigarette and Tobacco Control Policies Among Parents of Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1139-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Czaplicki ◽  
Siobhan N Perks ◽  
Michael Liu ◽  
Alison Cuccia ◽  
Minal Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
Current Tobacco

Abstract Introduction Parents are essential stakeholders for policy implementation. However, data on parents’ support for e-cigarette- and tobacco-related policies is limited. This study examines parents’ support for five e-cigarette- and tobacco-related policies targeted to prevent youth initiation and exposure to industry marketing practices. Methods Data were from a 2018 nationally representative sample of US parents of 11- to 18-year-old middle and high school students. Weighted adjusted logistic regression models examined correlates of support for policy outcomes, controlling for demographics. Analyses were performed among the full sample (n = 2743) and among current tobacco users (n = 355). Results The majority of parents, including current tobacco users, supported tobacco control efforts to protect adolescents. More than 90% of all parents supported restrictions on e-cigarette marketing to youth and 75% supported a ban on flavored e-cigarette sales. Additionally, more than 80% of all parents supported increasing the age of tobacco product sale to 21, limiting tobacco retailer density near schools, and keeping tobacco products out of view where youth shop. Presence of strict home tobacco rules or reporting a high priority to prevent child’s e-cigarette use were significantly associated with higher odds of policy support. Results were similar among current tobacco users. Conclusions Parents are an important group of tobacco control stakeholders and should be utilized to garner support for tobacco control policies in the context of the recent growth in youth tobacco and e-cigarette use. Parents’ public support for tobacco control policies, particularly regulations on e-cigarette sales and marketing, can motivate advocates and policymakers to advance tobacco control policy agendas. Implications Youth tobacco and e-cigarette use in the United States has increased in recent years. Parents are important stakeholders to inform policy agendas and advance efforts to restrict youth access and exposure to tobacco products. This study provides evidence that parents of adolescents are highly supportive of youth-centered tobacco control policies, particularly those that restrict access to youth-targeted e-cigarette marketing and the sale of youth-appealing flavored e-cigarettes. Utilizing policy support to mobilize parents may be an important advocacy strategy to advance tobacco control policy agendas and curb rising rates of youth e-cigarette and tobacco use.

scholarly journals Adherence to tobacco control policy implementation: a cross sectional study in a selected area in Ragama town, Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
L. K. Athauda ◽  
C. K. Pathiraja ◽  
A. C. Pathirana ◽  
S. K. Pathiraja ◽  
W. M. Nonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Using the intervention ladder to examine policy influencer and general public support for potential tobacco control policies in Alberta and Quebec

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Krystyna Kongats ◽  
Jennifer Ann McGetrick ◽  
Kim D. Raine ◽  
Candace I.J. Nykiforuk
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
General Public ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies

Objective To assess general public and policy influencer support for population-level tobacco control policies in two Canadian provinces. Methods We implemented the Chronic Disease Prevention Survey in 2016 to a census sample of policy influencers (n = 302) and a random sample of members of the public (n = 2400) in Alberta and Quebec, Canada. Survey respondents ranked their support for tobacco control policy options using a Likert-style scale, with aggregate responses presented as net favourable percentages. Levels of support were further analyzed by coding each policy option using the Nuffield Council on Bioethics intervention ladder framework, to assess its level of intrusiveness on personal autonomy. Results Policy influencers and the public considered the vast majority of tobacco control policy options as “extremely” or “very” favourable, although policy influencers in Alberta and Quebec differed on over half the policies, with stronger support in Quebec. Policy influencers and the public strongly supported more intrusive tobacco control policy options, despite anticipated effects on personal autonomy (i.e. for policies targeting children/youth and emerging tobacco products like electronic cigarettes). They indicated less support for fiscally based tobacco control policies (i.e. taxation), despite these policies being highly effective. Conclusion Overall, policy influencers and the general public strongly supported more restrictive tobacco control policies. This study further highlights policies where support among both population groups was unanimous (potential “quick wins” for health advocates). It also highlights areas where additional advocacy work is required to communicate the population-health benefit of tobacco control policies.

scholarly journals The Tobacco Control Scale as a research tool to measure country-level tobacco control policy implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (November) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ariadna Feliu ◽  
Esteve Fernández ◽  
Antoni Baena ◽  
Luk Joossens ◽  
Armando Peruga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Country Level

scholarly journals Adolescent Support for Tobacco Control Policies and Associations with Tobacco Denormalization Beliefs and Harm Perceptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjiu Chen ◽  
Sai Yin Ho ◽  
Lok Tung Leung ◽  
Man Ping Wang ◽  
Tai Hing Lam
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Tax

Public support is crucial for advancing tobacco control policies. We investigated adolescent support for such policies, and its association with potential factors of social denormalization (SD) beliefs of smoking, tobacco industry denormalization (TID) beliefs (negative perceptions of the industry), and harm perceptions of smoking. In a cross-sectional survey in Hong Kong, 13,964 secondary school students (mean age 15.0 years, 51.3% boys) reported their support (yes/no) for each of 14 tobacco control policies (e.g., further increase tobacco tax). Tobacco-related beliefs and perceptions, and smoking status were also measured. Support for the 14 tobacco control policies ranged from 17.6% to 54.1%. In current non-smokers, SD beliefs, TID beliefs, and harm perceptions were all associated with support for all tobacco control policies. In current smokers, the study factors were each associated with support for two to three policies. To conclude, support for tobacco control policies was weak to moderate in Hong Kong adolescents. SD beliefs, TID beliefs, and harm perceptions of smoking were associated with policy support in current non-smokers. In current smokers, the corresponding associations were less consistent or weaker.

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