Right lung agenesis in a one-year-old Chihuahua

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e001175
Author(s):  
Carlos Martinez ◽  
Conor Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Left Lung ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Chest Drain ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Lung Agenesis ◽  
Cardiac Silhouette ◽  
Digital Manipulation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

A one-year-old neutered male Chihuahua was referred for further investigations of spontaneous pneumothorax. Before referral, thoracocentesis and chest drain placement was performed. On presentation, the dog was dull and dyspnoeic displaying a restrictive respiratory pattern. Thoracic radiography and CT findings performed at the referral centre were consistent with right lung agenesis and pneumothorax. Retrospective review of the radiographs obtained at the referring practice identified right-sided mediastinal shift, separation of the cardiac silhouette from the sternum and overinflated left lung lobes. Neither free intrathoracic gas nor subcutaneous emphysema was identified. The initial images were suboptimally displayed resulting in artefactual ‘blackening’ of the lung parenchyma, necessitating digital manipulation to identify lung markings. The combination of mediastinal shift and separation of the cardiac silhouette from the sternum as a result of the right lung agenesis could potentially lead to a false impression of pneumothorax.

scholarly journals Late presentation of unilateral lung agenesis in adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshed Hussain Parry ◽  
Mujahed Abdulsattar Ibrahim Raheem ◽  
Hussam Hassan Ismail ◽  
Osama Sharaf
Keyword(s):  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Left Hemithorax ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Pulmonary Agenesis ◽  
Opaque Hemithorax ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Lung Agenesis ◽  
Unilateral Pulmonary Agenesis

Abstract Background Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly with a reported prevalence of about 1 in 100,000 births. It may be bilateral or unilateral. Among the unilateral form, left lung agenesis is more common (70%); however, it is the right lung agenesis which carries a dismal prognosis due to the frequent association with a gamut of other congenital anomalies and greater degree of mediastinal shift leading to tracheo-bronchial and vascular distortion. The patients of unilateral pulmonary agenesis usually present in infancy or early childhood. Presentation in late adulthood as seen in our patient is rare. We present a case of left pulmonary agenesis that was diagnosed in 4th decade of life. Case presentation A 36-year-old male presented with gradually progressive exertional dyspnea of 1 month duration. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia and tachypnea. Chest radiograph showed opaque left hemithorax with ipsilateral mediastinal shift. Computed tomography clinched the diagnosis by demonstrating absence of left main bronchus, lung and left pulmonary artery with shift of heart, and great mediastinal vessels into left hemithorax. The patient was managed conservatively and discharged with attachment to out-patient department for regular follow-up. Conclusion Presentation of unilateral lung agenesis in late adulthood, as seen in the present case is extremely rare. This case report highlights that, a rare condition like unilateral pulmonary agenesis, should be considered in the list of differentials in an adult presenting with opaque hemithorax with ipsilateral mediastinal shift on radiography.

scholarly journals Fatal congenital lobar emphysema in a puerpera: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanyi Gan ◽  
Liang Xia ◽  
Yushang Yang ◽  
Qiang Pu ◽  
Lunxu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Left Lung ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Left Hemithorax ◽  
Recurrent Pneumonia ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
Lobar Emphysema ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Congenital lobal emphysema (CLE) is a developmental lung abnormality usually diagnosed in the neonatal period and is rarely observed in adults. Adults with CLE are usually asymptomatic and only a small fraction may present with coughing, recurrent pneumonia and respiratory distress. In imaging studies, the most frequently affected lobe of CLE is the left upper lobe, followed by the right middle lobe. However, multilobar involvement with severe mediastinal shift is extremely rare. Case presentation We report a case of fatal CLE in a 28-year-old puerpera with postpartum respiratory failure. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed emphysema of the right upper, middle and lower lobes resulting in adjacent atelectasis. Hyperinflation of the right upper lobe crossed the midline, leading to a deviation of the mediastinal structure to the left hemithorax and severe compression of the left lung. Conclusions Early and timely diagnosis of CLE with routine follow-up is necessary for patients. CLE, especially with multilobar involvement or mediastinal shift, could be life-threatening and should be promptly and aggressively treated to prevent severe complications.

scholarly journals Endobronchial low-grade MALT lymphoma causing unilateral hypertranslucency

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Erbaycu ◽  
I. Karasu ◽  
F.G. Özdemirkıran ◽  
N. Yücel ◽  
A. Özsöz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Malt Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Left Main ◽  
Bronchoscopic Biopsy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-derived lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) arises not only from the stomach but also from various non-gastrointestinal sites. A thirty two year old woman, suffering from breathlessness for one year, had been treated for bronchial asthma. A chest radiograph showed a mediastinum and heart transposition to the right side and emphysema of the left lung. In the thorax spiral tomography, a mass narrowing left main bronchi, five centimeters in length from the carina, was seen. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed millimetric polypoid lesions those nearly totally obstructed the left main bronchi. The bronchoscopic biopsy showed a diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. She was seen for check-ups following chemotherapy but no further treatment has been carried out.

scholarly journals Effective Treatment of a Malignant Breast Phyllodes Tumor with Doxorubicin-Ifosfamide Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shinya Yamamoto ◽  
Shigeru Yamagishi ◽  
Toshiro Kohno ◽  
Ryosuke Tajiri ◽  
Toshikazu Gondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Phyllodes Tumor ◽  
Lung Mass ◽  
Malignant Phyllodes Tumor ◽  
Phyllodes Tumors ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chemotherapy Strategy

Malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast occur infrequently and are difficult to treat with chemotherapy. Here, we present an effective chemotherapy strategy for recurrent malignant breast phyllodes tumors. A 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with a malignant phyllodes tumor in her right breast and underwent total right mastectomy. One year later, the tumor recurred in the right (a 2.2 cm mass) and left (a 10 cm mass) lungs; pleural effusion was also observed in the left lung. Eight courses of doxorubicin-ifosfamide (AI) therapy were administered. After treatment, the right lung mass and pleural effusion regressed completely and the left lung mass regressed to 2 cm. In conclusion, AI therapy is useful for treating recurrent malignant breast phyllodes tumors.

scholarly journals Tension hydrothorax in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis and pleural Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e243760
Author(s):  
Mohsin F Butt ◽  
Maggie Symonds ◽  
Ruhaid Khurram
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Unilateral pleural effusions are uncommonly reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis. Herein, we report a case of a 42-year-old woman who presented to hospital with worsening dyspnoea on a background of a 2-week history of typical SARS-CoV-2 symptoms. On admission to the emergency department, the patient was severely hypoxic and hypotensive. A chest radiograph demonstrated a large left-sided pleural effusion with associated contralateral mediastinal shift (tension hydrothorax) and typical SARS-CoV-2 changes within the right lung. She was treated with thoracocentesis in which 2 L of serosanguinous, lymphocyte-rich fluid was drained from the left lung pleura. Following incubation, the pleural aspirate sample tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case demonstrates the need to exclude non-SARS-CoV-2-related causes of pleural effusions, particularly when patients present in an atypical manner, that is, with tension hydrothorax. Given the non-specific symptomatology of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis, this case illustrates the importance of excluding other causes of respiratory distress.

scholarly journals Double lung transplantation in patients with lung atelectasis and complete mediastinal shift

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Neto ◽  
Ernest Chan ◽  
Pablo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Lung Volume Reduction ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
The Right

Mediastinal shift and chest wall retraction limits the indication of a double lung transplant in patients with complete destruction of lung parenchyma. We report outcomes as well as preoperative and operative management in two patients with significant lung volume reduction and mediastinal shift due to bronchiectasis of the right lung.

Lung Parenchyma Segmentation Based on Contourlet Transform and Harris Corner Detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 998-1001
Author(s):  
Li Nan Fan ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Dan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Left Lung ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Corner Detection ◽  
Contourlet Transform ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Harris Corner ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Harris Corner Detection

This paper presents a new automatic lung segmentation method. Harris corner detection algorithm is used to solve the problem of separating the left lung from the right one, and contourlet transform and mathematical morphology hybrid algorithm are used to solve the problem that the nodules at lung edge is easy to be missed. Through the simulation results of multiple lung CT images, compared with the common algorithms, the results show that the average sensitivity and average accuracy become much better.

Preventing mediastinal shift after pneumonectomy impairs regenerative alveolar tissue growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. L1279-L1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. W. Hsia ◽  
E. Y. Wu ◽  
E. Wagner ◽  
E. R. Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Left Lung ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Mechanical Lung ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Lung Expansion ◽  
Capillary Blood Volume ◽  
Lung Strain ◽  
The Right

To examine the effects of mechanical lung strain on regenerative growth of alveolar septal tissue after pneumonectomy (PNX), we replaced the right lungs of adult dogs with a custom-shaped inflatable silicone prosthesis. The prosthesis was either inflated (Inf) to maintain the mediastinum at the midline or deflated to allow mediastinal shift. The animals were euthanized ∼15 mo later, and the lungs were fixed at a constant distending pressure. With the Inf prostheses, lung expansion, alveolar septal tissue volumes, surface areas, and diffusing capacity of the tissue-plasma barrier were significantly lower than with the deflated prostheses; the expected post-PNX tissue responses were impaired by 30–60%. Capillary blood volume was significantly higher with Inf prostheses, consistent with microvascular congestion. Measurements in the Inf group remained consistently and significantly higher than those expected for a normal left lung, indicating persistence of partial compensation. In one dog, delayed deflation of the prosthesis 9–10 mo after PNX led to vigorous lung expansion and septal tissue growth, particularly of type II epithelial cells. We conclude that mechanical lung strain is a major signal for regenerative lung growth; however, other signals are also implicated, accounting for a significant fraction of the compensatory response to PNX.

scholarly journals Pericardial flap to repair a pulmonary laceration in a cat with pyothorax

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691881738
Author(s):  
Pablo Pérez López ◽  
Stefania Martinoli
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Lung Lobectomy ◽  
Pulmonary Laceration ◽  
The Right

Case summary A 2-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for investigation of acute onset tachypnoea and dyspnoea. Pyothorax was diagnosed based on thoracic radiographs and fluid analysis. Medical treatment consisted of bilateral thoracostomy tube placement, antibiotic therapy and thoracic lavage. After 12 days of medical management infection was still present, warranting exploratory thoracotomy. At surgery, encapsulated abscesses were found in the left lung, right cranial and right middle lobes. The right caudal lobe was the only macroscopically non-abscessated lobe, and appeared to have a parenchymal laceration 8 mm long over the dorsolateral surface. Following partial pericardiectomy, mediastinectomy and debridement of abscesses, a pericardial flap was reflected caudolaterally and apposed over the laceration to seal the affected lung lobe. This flap was sutured to a rim of fibrinous adhesion that was partially covering this lobe. After 8 days the cat was discharged with antibiotic therapy for 3 more weeks. Follow-up assessment at 19 and 38 weeks postoperatively confirmed the cat to have good exercise tolerance. Thoracic radiographs at 19 weeks revealed good bilateral aeration of the pulmonary parenchyma without pleural effusion. Relevance and novel information Lung lobe laceration can be treated by lung lobectomy or direct suturing of the lung parenchyma. This is the first report using a pericardial flap to repair a lung laceration. Pericardial flap was successfully used to treat this lung laceration where lobectomy was contraindicated. Encouraging results were present at 8 months postoperatively.

scholarly journals Morphological traits of rabbit lung

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
L. Horalskyi ◽  
◽  
N. Hlukhova ◽  
I. Sokulskyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Absolute Mass ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Right

In the article, following the results of complex methods (anatomic, histologic, organometric, histometric and statistical) researches are shown the features of morphological structure and morphometric parameters of the lungs of mature rabbits. It was found out, that macro- and microscopic architecture of rabbit lungs has similar histoarchitectonics, inherent in other species of farm animals of the class "mammals" and the characteristic features of morphological structures. Lungs in clinically healthy rabbits structurally reflect the shape of thoracic cavity and gradually expand ventrally. Subsequent to the results of performed organometry, the absolute lung mass of mature rabbits is 18,05±1,32 g, relative 0,624±0,013 %. The Right and left rabbit lungs are surrounded by pleural sacs (right and left): in rabbits pleural spaces of the right and left lungs are not connected. According to morphological and organometric investigations the rabbit lungs are relating to VIII type – the reduction of the superior lobe of left lung is observed, consequently right lung is more developed than left ( the length of right lung is 6,40±0,45 mm, the width – 3,54±0,30 mm, the thickness – 3,28±0,30 mm; the length of left lung is 6,84±0,40 mm; 4,18±0,30 mm and 1,52±0,30 mm relatively) and the coefficient of lung asymmetry (right to left) according to their absolute mass is 1.16. Although, rabbit lungs have dilatated base and superior. Right lung divides into four lobes – cranial (the superior), cardio, diaphragmatic and ancilla, left one divides into three lobes – the reduced superior, cardio and diaphragmatic. Histoarchitecture of lungs is formed by lobes of the lungs, that are separated by connective tissue, which contains blood and lymphatic vessels. Lung parenchyma is created by airways and respiratory divisions that blood vessels accompany to. Respiratory lung parenchyma is formed by respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar saccules, in which walls the alveolus are located and shape the alveolar tree. According to the analysis of histometry results, respiratory (breathing) lobe of lungs of experimental rabbits is 52,3± 0,62 %, connective tissue base – 69,6±1,27 %, and the average volume of alveolus (small, middle and big) is equal to 42,3±4,35 thousand mkm3.

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