VARIATION OF SOME NEW MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN THE FIELD PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM L.)

Peas, as a valuable nutritious and cultivated plant (Myers et al., 2010), have recently received special attention for the improvement of new varieties (Kreplak et al., 2019). They are increasingly adapted to any kind of environmental conditions. Thus, we want an increased production of grains, contents in active principles as high as possible (Pownall et al., 2010), but also to increase its proportion in the structure of crops on a farm. The Alvesta variety, studied for its specific morphological characters, is one of the newest creations. Even in the slightly drier conditions of the last period (two years), this variety formed plants with heights of 42-45 cm, with a total plant weight of 7.5 g. 10 knots were formed on a pea stem (at one node the floral and fruit raceme are caught and formed). Each plant formed 4 pods, weighing 6 g and 16 berries weighing 4.5-6 g. The bean had a diameter of 7 mm and the absolute weight of the berries was 215 g. Among these morphological characters were obtained significantly positive correlations in most cases. Insignificant situations were between the absolute mass of the berries with the size of the plant, with the number of nodes, with the total number of pods and with the number of berries on a plant. Only one insignificant negative correlation was observed between the number of nodes on the stem and the diameter of the grains. Regarding the variability of the determined characters, slightly higher values were found, mainly due to the existence of the dry bottom. And yet the Alvesta variety, with improved morphological characters proved to be a good adaptability to zonal cultivation conditions.

Testing the inferred transcription rates of a dynamic, gene network model in absolute units

The circadian clock coordinates plant physiology and development. Mathematical clock models have provided a rigorous framework to understand how the observed rhythms emerge from disparate, molecular processes. However, models of the plant clock have largely been built and tested against RNA timeseries data in arbitrary, relative units. This limits model transferability, refinement from biochemical data and applications in synthetic biology. Here, we incorporate absolute mass units into a detailed model of the clock gene network in Arabidopsis thaliana. We re-interpret the established P2011 model, highlighting a transcriptional activator that overlaps the function of REVEILLE 8/LHY-CCA1-LIKE 5. The U2020 model incorporates the repressive regulation of PRR genes, a key feature of the most detailed clock model KF2014, without greatly increasing model complexity. We tested the experimental error distributions of qRT-PCR data calibrated for units of RNA transcripts/cell and of circadian period estimates, in order to link the models to data more appropriately. U2019 and U2020 models were constrained using these data types, recreating previously-described circadian behaviours with RNA metabolic processes in absolute units. To test their inferred rates, we estimated a distribution of observed, transcriptome-wide transcription rates (Plant Empirical Transcription Rates, PETR) in units of transcripts/cell/hour. The PETR distribution and the equivalent degradation rates indicated that the models’ predicted rates are biologically plausible, with individual exceptions. In addition to updated clock models, FAIR data resources and a software environment in Docker, this validation process represents an advance in biochemical realism for models of plant gene regulation.

Absolute mass of photons based upon the Hamiltonian of energy content

In this article, the mass-energy equivalence is analyzed based on the total energy content & inertia of a body. The analysis included quantum energy formalization with relativity. The finding suggests that photons have absolute mass to justify their momentum.

Absolute mass of photons based upon the Hamiltonian of energy content

In this article, the mass-energy equivalence is analyzed based on the total energy content & inertia of a body. The analysis included quantum energy formalization with relativity. The finding suggests that photons have absolute mass to justify their momentum.

Does the energy content of a body depend upon its inertia?

In this article, the mass-energy equivalence is analyzed based on the total energy content & inertia of a body. The analysis included quantum energy formalization with relativity. The finding suggested that photons have absolute mass to justify their momentum.

The effect of stress on the hematological indicators of rats Rattus Norvegicus F. Domesticus in the conditions of the biological experiment

The purpose of the work was the need to study the change in weight and hematological indicators of the rats as a reaction-response to being in difficult and unfavorable experimental conditions. The biological experiment was conducted in compliance with the normative conditions of keeping the rats, in accordance with ethical standards and recommendations for humanization of work with laboratory animals. In order to accomplish these tasks, rats were divided into two groups: control rats were housed in a spacious cage with comfortable living conditions and experimental animals were housed in a small cage with limited ability to move freely. For the purity of the experiment, the feed ration of animals of two groups was the same. Weight and hematological indicators were determined by conventional methods in physiology. It has been found that improper housing conditions, causing a stressful situation adversely affect the eating activity of the test animals, which explains the weak correlation of the dynamics of the weight of the animals in the control and experimental groups. The analysis of the absolute mass of the internal organs of rats showed their direct dependence on body weight and the correlation of these parameters between animals of both groups. The study found that the quantitative ratios of the main hematological parameters of each of the rodents are strictly different. The tendency to increase of the investigated parameters in the experimental group in comparison with the control one is symptomatic and can be explained by sympathetic-vegetative influences. The amount of hemoglobin is directly correlated with the number of red blood cells. Comparison of the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes with body weight showed inversely proportional relationship between them. The persistent predominance of leukocytes in the blood of rats in both groups is likely to genetically determined.

Testing the inferred transcription rates of a dynamic, gene network model in absolute units

The circadian clock coordinates plant physiology and development. Mathematical clock models have provided a rigorous framework to understand how the observed rhythms emerge from disparate, molecular processes. However, models of the plant clock have largely been built and tested against RNA timeseries data in arbitrary, relative units. This limits model transferability, refinement from biochemical data and applications in synthetic biology. Here, we incorporate absolute mass units into a detailed, gene circuit model of the clock in Arabidopsis thaliana. We re-interpret the established P2011 model, highlighting a transcriptional activator that overlaps the function of REVEILLE 8/LHY-CCA1-LIKE 5, and refactor dynamic equations for the Evening Complex. The U2020 model incorporates the repressive regulation of PRR genes, a key feature of the most detailed clock model F2014, without greatly increasing model complexity. We tested the experimental error distributions of qRT-PCR data calibrated for units of RNA transcripts/cell and of circadian period estimates, in order to link the models to data more appropriately. U2019 and U2020 models were constrained using these data types, recreating previously-described circadian behaviours with RNA metabolic processes in absolute units. To test their inferred rates, we estimated a distribution of observed, transcriptome-wide transcription rates (Plant Empirical Transcription Rates, PETR) in units of transcripts/cell/hour. The PETR distribution and the equivalent degradation rates indicated that the models' predicted rates are biologically plausible, with individual exceptions. In addition to updated, explanatory models of the plant clock, this validation process represents an advance in biochemical realism for models of plant gene regulation.

THE QUALITY OF THE CARCASS OF YOUNG BLACK – AND - WHITE BREED AND ITS TWO - AND THREE – BREED CROSSBREEDS

The article presents the results of studying the morphological and varietal composition of purebred and crossbred gobies, heifers and castrate gobies. The positive influence of two-three-breed crossing on the studied indicators was established. Suffice it to note that purebred bulls of the black-and-white breed were inferior to two-breed Holstein hybrids in absolute mass of half carcass pulp by 5.3 kg (5.2% P <0.01), relative - by 0.4%, heifers - 4.0 kg (5.5%, P <0.05) and 0.6%, castrate bulls - by 3.8 kg (4.0%, P <0.05) and 0.5%. The advantage of three-breed Simmental hybrids was 15.5 kg (15.3%, P <0.01) and 0.5% for bulls, 11.2 kg for heifers (15.5%, P <0.01) and 1 , 6%, to castrated bulls - 12.2 kg (12.9%, P <0.01) and 0.9%, three-breed limousine crossbreeds, respectively - 14.0 kg (13.9% P <0.01 ) and 1.1%, 6.9 kg (9.6%, P <0.01) and 1.1%, 11.8 kg (12.5%, P <0.01) and 1.1% .

INFLUENCE OF THE SEX AND AGE OF YOUNG TCIGAI SHEEP ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCLES AND BONES

The article presents the results of a study of the growth and development of muscles and bones of the peripheral and axial parts of the skeleton of young sheep of the Tcigai breed, depending on gender, physiological state and age. It was found that with age, the relative weight of the peripheral department decreased in rams by 5.90 %, boulders by 5.76%, and eggs by 6.01%, with an increase in the share of the axial department. For the entire period of experience from birth to 12 months. in rams, the muscle mass increased by 7370 g, boulders by 6387 g (for the muscle mass of newborn young animals of group II, the results of slaughter of animals of group I were taken), female offsprings by 5330 g. So for the entire period of growth, the muscle tissue of the axial department had a higher coefficient of increase in absolute mass than the peripheral one. It is characteristic that differences in intensity were manifested during the period of dairy cultivation, in subsequent age periods, young animals of all groups were characterized by a similar value of coefficients both by department and depending on gender.

Relationship Between Body Segment Mass and Running Performance in Well-Trained Endurance Runners

This study examined the relationship between body segment mass and running performance in endurance runners. The total (muscle, fat, and bone masses), lean (muscle mass), and fat masses of the leg, arm, and trunk segments in 37 well-trained endurance runners were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer. The relative segment mass was calculated by normalizing the absolute mass to body mass. There were no significant correlations between absolute total, lean, and fat masses of all 3 segments and personal best 5000-m race time. No significant correlations were also observed between all 3 relative masses of the arm segment and personal best 5000-m race time. In contrast, medium positive correlations were observed between the relative total and lean masses of the leg segment and personal best 5000-m race time (r = .387 and .335, respectively, both P ≤ .031). Furthermore, large negative correlations were observed between the relative total and lean masses of the trunk segment and personal best 5000-m race time (r = −.500 and −.548, respectively, both P ≤ .002). These findings suggest that a mass distribution with smaller leg mass and greater trunk mass may be advantageous for achieving better running performance in endurance runners.