Acute effects of an arginine-based supplement on neuromuscular, ventilatory, and metabolic fatigue thresholds during cycle ergometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksana B. Zak ◽  
Clayton L. Camic ◽  
Ethan C. Hill ◽  
Molly M. Monaghan ◽  
Attila J. Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Fatigue Threshold ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Mean Differences

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of an acute dose of an arginine-based supplement on the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT), lactate threshold (LT), ventilatory threshold (VT), and peak oxygen uptake during incremental cycle ergometry. This study used a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, within-subjects crossover design. Nineteen untrained men (mean age ± SD = 22.0 ± 1.7 years) were randomly assigned to ingest either the supplement (3.0 g of arginine, 300 mg of grape seed extract, and 300 mg of polyethylene glycol) or placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) and performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer for determination of PWCFT, LT, VT, and peak oxygen uptake. Following a 1-week period, the subjects returned to the laboratory and ingested the opposite substance (either supplement or placebo) prior to completing another incremental test to be reassessed for PWCFT, LT, VT, and peak oxygen uptake. The paired-samples t tests indicated there were significant (P < 0.05) mean differences between the arginine and placebo conditions for the PWCFT (192 ± 42 vs. 168 ± 53 W, respectively) and VT (2546 ± 313 vs. 2452 ± 342 mL·min−1), but not the LT (135 ± 26 vs. 138 ± 22 W), absolute peak oxygen uptake (3663 ± 445 vs. 3645 ± 438 mL·min−1), or relative peak oxygen uptake (46.5 ± 6.0 vs. 46.2 ± 5.0 mL·kg−1·min−1). These findings suggested that the arginine-based supplement may be used on an acute basis for delaying the onset of neuromuscular fatigue (i.e., PWCFT) and improving the VT in untrained individuals.

scholarly journals Real Assessment of Maximum Oxygen Uptake as a Verification After an Incremental Test Versus Without a Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Agnieszka Danuta Jastrzębska ◽  
Rafał Hebisz
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Verification Test

The study was conducted to compare peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) measured with the incremental graded test (GXT) (VO2peak) and two tests to verify maximum oxygen uptake, performed 15 min after the incremental test (VO2peak1) and on a separate day (VO2peak2). The aim was to determine which of the verification tests is more accurate and, more generally, to validate the VO2max obtained in the incremental graded test on cycle ergometer. The study involved 23 participants with varying levels of physical activity. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences for repeated measurements (F = 2.28, p = 0.118, η2 = 0.12). Bland–Altman analysis revealed a small bias of the VO2peak1 results compared to the VO2peak (0.4 ml⋅min–1⋅kg–1) and VO2peak2 results compared to the VO2peak (−0.76 ml⋅min–1⋅kg–1). In isolated cases, it was observed that VO2peak1 and VO2peak2 differed by more than 5% from VO2peak. Considering the above, it can be stated that among young people, there are no statistically significant differences between the values of VO2peak measured in the following tests. However, in individual cases, the need to verify the maximum oxygen uptake is stated, but performing a second verification test on a separate day has no additional benefit.

The effects of 4 weeks of an arginine-based supplement on the gas exchange threshold and peak oxygen uptake

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton L. Camic ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Michelle Mielke ◽  
Jorge M. Zuniga ◽  
C. Russell Hendrix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Gas Exchange Threshold

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the daily administration of an arginine-based supplement for 4 weeks on the gas exchange threshold (GET) and peak oxygen uptake. The study used a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Forty-one college-aged males (mean age ± SD = 22.1 ± 2.4 years) were randomized into either the PLACEBO (n = 20) or ARGININE (n = 21) group. The placebo was microcrystalline cellulose. The ARGININE group ingested 3.0 g of arginine, 300 mg of grape seed extract, and 300 mg of polyethylene glycol. All subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer prior to supplementation (PRE) and after 4 weeks of supplementation (POST). The GET was determined by using the V-slope method of the carbon dioxide output vs. oxygen uptake relationship. The results indicated that there were significant mean increases (PRE to POST) in GET (4.1%), as well as in carbon dioxide output (4.3%) and power output (5.4%) at the GET for the ARGININE group, but no significant changes for the PLACEBO group (2.5%, 4.3%, and 3.9%, respectively). In addition, there were no significant changes in peak oxygen uptake for the ARGININE (–1.0%) or PLACEBO (–1.5%) groups. These findings supported the use of the arginine-based supplement for increasing GET and the associated power output, but not for increasing peak oxygen uptake during cycle ergometry.

Verification phase as a useful tool in the determination of the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
Lars R. McNaughton ◽  
Sean Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion

This study investigated the utility of a verification phase for increasing confidence that a “true” maximal oxygen uptake had been elicited in 16 male distance runners (mean age (±SD), 38.7  (± 7.5 y)) during an incremental treadmill running test continued to volitional exhaustion. After the incremental test subjects performed a 10 min recovery walk and a verification phase performed to volitional exhaustion at a running speed 0.5 km·h–1 higher than that attained during the last completed stage of the incremental phase. Verification criteria were a verification phase peak oxygen uptake ≤ 2% higher than the incremental phase value and peak heart rate values within 2 beats·min–1 of each other. Of the 32 tests, 26 satisfied the oxygen uptake verification criterion and 23 satisfied the heart rate verification criterion. Peak heart rate was lower (p = 0.001) during the verification phase than during the incremental phase, suggesting that the verification protocol was inadequate in eliciting maximal values in some runners. This was further supported by the fact that 7 tests exhibited peak oxygen uptake values over 100 mL·min–1 (≥ 3%) lower than the peak values attained in the incremental phase. Further research is required to improve the verification procedure before its utility can be confirmed.

Cardiorespiratory responses to physical work during and following 17 days of bed rest and spaceflight

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 951-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Trappe ◽  
Scott Trappe ◽  
Gary Lee ◽  
Jeffrey Widrick ◽  
Robert Fitts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Responses ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function

To determine the influence of a 17-day exposure to real and simulated spaceflight (SF) on cardiorespiratory function during exercise, four male crewmembers of the STS-78 space shuttle flight and eight male volunteers were studied before, during, and after the 17-day mission and 17 days of −6° head-down-tilt bed rest (BR), respectively. Measurements of oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation, and heart rate were made during submaximal cycling 60, 30, and 15 days before the SF liftoff and 12 and 7 days before BR; on SF days 2, 8, and 13 and on BR days 2, 8, and 13; and on days 1, 4, 5, and 8 after return to Earth and on days 3 and 7 after BR. During 15 days before liftoff, day 4 after return, and day 8 after return and all BR testing, each subject completed a continuous exercise test to volitional exhaustion on a semirecumbent (SF) or supine (BR) cycle ergometer to determine the submaximal and maximal cardiorespiratory responses to exercise. The remaining days of the SF testing were limited to a workload corresponding to 85% of the peak pre-SF peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2 peak) workload. Exposure to and recovery from SF and BR induced similar responses to submaximal exercise at 150 W. V̇o2 peak decreased by 10.4% from pre-SF (15 days before liftoff) to day 4 after return and 6.6% from pre-BR to day 3 after return, which was partially (SF: −5.2%) or fully (BR) restored within 1 wk of recovery. Workload corresponding to 85% of the peak pre-SF V̇o2 peak showed a rapid and continued decline throughout the flight (SF day 2, −6.2%; SF day 8, −9.0%), reaching a nadir of −11.3% during testing on SF day 13. During BR, V̇o2 peak also showed a decline from pre-BR (BR day 2, −7.3%; BR day 8, −7.1%; BR day 13, −9.0%). These results suggest that the onset of and recovery from real and simulated microgravity-induced cardiorespiratory deconditioning is relatively rapid, and head-down-tilt BR appears to be an appropriate model of this effect, both during and after SF.

Differential effects of age and type 2 diabetes on dynamic vs. peak response of pulmonary oxygen uptake during exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn O'Connor ◽  
Simon Green ◽  
Catherine Kiely ◽  
Donal O'Shea ◽  
Mikel Egaña
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vascular Conductance

We investigated if the magnitude of the type 2 diabetes (T2D)-induced impairments in peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2) and V̇o2 kinetics was affected by age. Thirty-three men with T2D (15 middle-aged, 18 older), and 21 nondiabetic (ND) men (11 middle-aged, 10 older) matched by age were recruited. Participants completed four 6-min bouts of constant-load cycling at 80% ventilatory threshold for the determination of V̇o2 kinetics. Cardiac output (inert-gas rebreathing) was recorded at rest and 30 and 240 s during two additional bouts. Peak V̇o2 (determined from a separate graded test) was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced in middle-aged and older men with T2D compared with their respective ND counterparts (middle-aged, 3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5 l/min; older, 2.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.4 ± 0.4 l/min), and the magnitude of these impairments was not affected by age. However, the time constant of phase II of the V̇o2 response was only slowed ( P < 0.05) in middle-aged men with T2D compared with healthy counterparts, whereas it was similar among older men with and without T2D (middle-aged, 26.8 ± 9.3 vs. 41.6 ± 12.1 s; older, 40.5 ± 7.8 vs. 41.1 ± 8.5 s). Similarly, the “gains” in systemic vascular conductance (estimated from the slope between cardiac output and mean arterial pressure responses) were lower ( P < 0.05) in middle-aged men with T2D than ND controls, but similar between the older groups. The results suggest that the mechanisms by which T2D induces significant reductions in peak exercise performance are linked to a slower dynamic response of V̇o2 and reduced systemic vascular conductance responses in middle-aged men, whereas this is not the case in older men.

scholarly journals Reliability of a Progressive Maximal Cycle Ergometer Test to Assess Peak Oxygen Uptake in Children With Mild to Moderate Cerebral Palsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel-Anne Brehm ◽  
Astrid C.J. Balemans ◽  
Jules G. Becher ◽  
Annet J. Dallmeijer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
Maximal Cycle ◽  
Gmfcs Level

BackgroundRehabilitation research in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is increasingly addressing cardiorespiratory fitness testing. However, evidence on the reliability of peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) measurements, considered the best indicator of aerobic fitness, is not available in this population.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to establish the reliability of a progressive maximal cycle ergometer test when assessing V̇o2peak in children with mild to moderate CP.DesignRepeated measures were used to assess test-retest reliability.MethodsEligible participants were ambulant, 6 to 14 years of age, and classified as level I, II, or III according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Two progressive maximal cycle ergometer tests were conducted (separated by 3 weeks), with the workload increasing every minute in steps of 3 to 11 W, dependent on height and GMFCS level. Reliability was determined by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [2,1]) and smallest detectable change (SDC).ResultsTwenty-one children participated (GMFCS I: n=4; GMFCS II: n=12; and GMFCS III: n=5). Sixteen of them (9 boys, 7 girls; GMFCS I: n=3; GMFCS II: n=11; and GMFCS III: n=2) performed 2 successful tests, separated by 9.5 days on average. Reliability for V̇o2peak was excellent (ICC=.94, 95% confidence interval=.83–.98). The SDC was 5.72 mL/kg/min, reflecting 14.6% of the mean.LimitationsThe small sample size did not allow separate analysis of reliability per GMFCS level.ConclusionsIn children with CP of GMFCS levels I and II, a progressive maximal cycle ergometer test to assess V̇o2peak is reliable and has the potential to detect change in cardiorespiratory fitness over time. Further study is needed to establish the reliability of V̇o2peak in children of GMFCS level III.

scholarly journals Peak oxygen uptake reference values for cycle ergometry for the healthy Dutch population: data from the LowLands Fitness Registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 00056-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar Frederik Mylius ◽  
Wilhelmus Petrus Krijnen ◽  
Cornelis Peter van der Schans ◽  
Tim Takken
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Dutch Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Best Fitting

Peak oxygen uptake (V′O2peak) is recognised as the best expression of aerobic fitness. Therefore, it is essential that V′O2peak reference values are accurate for interpreting a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). These values are country specific and influenced by underlying biological ageing processes. They are normally stratified per paediatric and adult population, resulting in a discontinuity at the transition point between prediction equations. There are currently no age-related reference values available for the lifespan of individuals in the Dutch population. The aim of this study is to determine the best-fitting regression model for V′O2peak in the healthy Dutch paediatric and adult populations in relation to age.In this retrospective study, CPET cycle ergometry results of 4477 subjects without reported somatic diseases were included (907 females, age 7.9–65.0 years). Generalised additive models were employed to determine the best-fitting regression model. Cross-validation was performed against an independent dataset consisting of 3518 subjects (170 females, age 6.8–59.0 years).An additive model was the best fitting with the largest predictive accuracy in both the primary (adjusted R2=0.57, standard error of the estimate (see)=556.50 mL·min−1) and cross-validation (adjusted R2=0.57, see=473.15 mL·min−1) dataset.This study provides a robust additive regression model for V′O2peak in the Dutch population.

Ventilatory Threshold and Peak Exercise Response in Athletes with CP during Treadmill and Cycle Ergometry

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Gregory B. Dwyer ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Track Athletes

Little is known about the responses to graded exercise in athletes with cerebral palsy (CP). This study compared the ventilatory threshold (VT) and peak VO2 among athletes with CP during treadmill and cycle ergometry exercise. Six (4 men, 2 women) track athletes with CP volunteered to participate in the study. Graded exercise tests on a treadmill and cycle ergometer were performed on separate days to assess VT and peak VO2. Paired t tests were used to compare the two exercise modes. The VT, expressed as a percentage of peak VO2, was significantly higher on the cycle ergometer than on the treadmill. The absolute VO2 at the VT was similar during both testing modes, and peak VO2 was significantly higher on the treadmill than on the cycle ergometer. Similar to responses seen in able-bodied individuals, the VO2 at VT was similar during both modes of exercise, while the peak VO2 was 10% lower on the cycle than on the treadmill. Cycle ergometer peak VO2 in these athletes was higher than previous reports of individuals with CP for the cycle ergometer.

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