The effect of dairy products and non-dairy snacks on food intake, subjective appetite and cortisol levels in children: A randomized control study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Gheller ◽  
Athena Li ◽  
Mary Gheller ◽  
Tove Armstrong ◽  
Erik Vandenboer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Potato Chips ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Study Session ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Snack Consumption ◽  
Control Study

Dairy snacks are available in various physical forms and their consumption is linked to improved metabolic health. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dairy snacks of different physical forms on short-term food intake (FI), subjective appetite, and the stress hormone, cortisol, in children. Following a repeated-measures crossover design, 40 children aged 9-14 y randomly consumed one of five isoenergetic (180 kcal) snacks per study session. These snacks included solid: potato chips, cookies, and cheese, semi-solid: Greek yogurt, and fluid: 2% fat milk snacks. FI was measured 120 min after snack consumption. Subjective appetite was measured at 0 (immediately before the snack), 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Salivary cortisol (n=18) was measured after the Greek yogurt and cookie snacks at 0 , 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. FI did not differ between snacks (P=0.15). The Greek yogurt (P<0.0001) and cheese (P=0.0009) snacks reduced average appetite compared to the 2% fat milk snack. Salivary cortisol levels were not affected by snack (P=0.84). This study demonstrates that dairy snacks are as effective as other popular snacks at influencing subsequent FI however, solid and semi-solid dairy snacks are more effective at repressing subjective appetite than a fluid dairy snack. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02484625). Novelty bullets: • Milk, Greek yogurt and cheese has a similar effect on short-term food intake in children as popular potato chips and cookies. • Solid, semi-solid and liquid snacks have a similar effect on short-term food intake in children.

scholarly journals Serum Cortisol Seems To Be a More Appropriate Marker for Adrenocortical Reserve Evaluation in ACTH Test in Comparison to Salivary Cortisol

2014 ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KOSÁK ◽  
V. HÁNA ◽  
M. HILL ◽  
K. ŠIMŮNKOVÁ ◽  
Z. LACINOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Free Fraction ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Acth Test ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Experimental Values

Salivary cortisol reflects the free fraction of serum cortisol. Monitoring salivary cortisol may be a promising alternative method for assessing serum cortisol in some clinical situations. We aimed to compare the reliability of salivary vs. serum cortisol during ACTH test. 84 subjects (mean age 63.2; 24-89 years; n=66 males) suspected for adrenocortical insufficiency underwent an ACTH test. Patients were divided based on peak serum cortisol into hypocortical group with cortisol <500 nmol/l and to reference group cortisol >500 nmol/l. Median serum cortisol levels in reference group were 445, 766, and 902 nmol/l at 0, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively, and in hypocortical group were 256, 394, and 453 nmol/l. Median salivary cortisol levels were 19.02, 40.02, and 62.1 nmol/l in reference group, and 9.60, 14.08, and 13.28 nmol/l in hypocortical group. Obtained values showed good correlation between serum and salivary cortisol (p<0.0001). The percentage of explained variability R2 (coefficient of determination for linear model) representing a measure of agreement between experimental values and predictions for repeated measures ANOVA, was significantly higher (p=0.021) for serum cortisol (R2=93.4 %) when compared to the salivary cortisol (R2=89.3 %). A stronger discriminating power of serum versus salivary cortisol suggests that it seems to be slightly, but statistically significantly more appropriate marker of adrenocortical reserve in ACTH test.

scholarly journals Salivary Cortisol Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus—A Pilot Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Skrinjar ◽  
Valentina Vidranski ◽  
Bozana Loncar Brzak ◽  
Danica Vidovic Juras ◽  
Ana Andabak Rogulj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Oral Lichen Planus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Oral Lichen ◽  
Control Study

It is known that cortisol level increases in stress situations. The aim of the study was to measure the levels of salivary cortisol in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and healthy controls. This was a case-control pilot study which included seven patients with reticular (non-symptomatic) OLP, eight patients with atrophic/erosive (symptomatic) OLP, and nine healthy controls. We hypothesized that patients with an atrophic/erosive type of OLP have higher levels of cortisol compared to patients with the reticular type of OLP and healthy controls. In each participant, unstimulated saliva was collected in order to determine cortisol levels by using commercially available ELISA kit. Our results have shown no differences between levels of salivary cortisol in OLP patients and healthy controls. We can conclude that further research with a larger number of OLP patients is needed to determine the correlation between OLP and stress.

Anxiety and salivary cortisol levels in patients with burning mouth syndrome: case-control study

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Amenábar ◽  
Josiane Pawlowski ◽  
Juliana Balbinot Hilgert ◽  
Fernando Neves Hugo ◽  
Denise Bandeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Burning Mouth ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Control Study

Influence of short-term cycling on salivary cortisol levels

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 224???228 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK J. O??CONNOR ◽  
DONALD L. CORRIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Effect of sleep apnea syndrome on the circadian profile of cortisol in obese men

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. E466-E474 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dadoun ◽  
P. Darmon ◽  
V. Achard ◽  
S. Boullu-Ciocca ◽  
F. Philip-Joet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Cortisol Levels

It has been hypothesized that sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) increases hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and, through increased cortisol levels, participates in the pathophysiology of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. We compared the circadian profiles of cortisol in obese men with [obSAS+; apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 20/h] and without SAS (obSAS−; AHI ≤ 5/h). 1) Salivary cortisol (5 samples: before/30 min after dinner, 2100, upon/30 min after awakening) was measured in 15 obSAS+, 19 obSAS−, and 19 normal-weight controls (NWC). 2) Plasma cortisol (every 30 min for 24 h under highly controlled conditions and portable EEG device) was measured in 9 obSAS+, 8 obSAS−, and 10 NWC men. Visceral adipose tissue surface was measured by CT scan. In both studies, obSAS+ and obSAS− men were comparable for age, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. First, no difference was found, using ANOVA for repeated measures, between obSAS+ and obSAS− subjects for any salivary cortisol measurement. No correlation was found between salivary cortisol and AHI or nocturnal SaO2. Similarly, obSAS+ and obSAS− men showed no difference in plasma cortisol rhythmicity: 24-h minimum, maximum, and mean, ANOVA for repeated measures, mathematical modeling of cortisol rhythm (COSINOR), and morning secretory peak. Conversely, ANOVA for repeated measures showed decreased cortisol levels in obese vs. NWC men during both the trough (2200–0130) and the peak (0600–0900) independently of SAS status. We show that SAS per se is not associated with any change of the level or of the features of salivary and plasma cortisol rhythmicity and confirm that men with visceral obesity display lower plasma cortisol levels than NWC men.

scholarly journals Salivary Cortisol, Perceived Stress, and Metabolic Syndrome: A Matched Case-Control Study in Female Shift Workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 510-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Garcez ◽  
Elisabete Weiderpass ◽  
Raquel Canuto ◽  
Sheila Lecke ◽  
Poli Spritzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

AbstractAlthough the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is complex and multifactorial, there is limited information if psychological factors, such as stress exposure, are involved in the etiology of MetS. Therefore, this study investigated the associations between MetS and cortisol levels and perceived stress levels among women shift workers in Southern Brazil. A matched case-control study was conducted, including 50 cases of MetS and 200 age-matched controls (±3 years, 4 for each case). Salivary cortisol levels were evaluated immediately after waking and one upon returning home from work. Perceived stress levels were measured by the Perceived Stress Scale with 10 items (PSS-10). Multivariate-adjusted associations between MetS and salivary cortisol levels and perceived stress levels were assessed by conditional logistic regression. Means±standard deviations of salivary cortisol levels were not significantly different between cases and controls either immediately after waking (5.37±4.10 vs. 6.03±5.39 nmol/l; p = 0.53) or after work (2.74±2.87 vs. 2.78±2.85 nmol/l; p = 0.93). There was no significant difference in perceived stress level between cases and controls (14.2±5.9 vs. 15.5±5.6; p = 0.15). No independent association was observed in the multivariate model between MetS and salivary cortisol level or perceived stress level after these exposures were stratified into tertiles. Overall, there was no difference between women with or without MetS in regard to the free salivary cortisol and perceived stress. Our results do not support an association between stress exposure and MetS among women shift workers.

The Relationship Between Serum and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Response to Different Intensities of Exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch D. VanBruggen ◽  
Anthony C. Hackney ◽  
Robert G. McMurray ◽  
Kristin S. Ondrak
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Saliva Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Matched Samples

Purpose:The effect of exercise intensity on the tracking of serum and salivary cortisol responses was examined in 12 endurance-trained males (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] = 58.2 ± 6.4 mL/kg/min).Methods:Subjects rested for 30 min (control) and exercised on a cycle ergometer for 30 min at 40% (low), 60% (moderate), and 80% (high intensity) of VO2max on separate days. Serum and saliva samples were collected pretrial, immediately posttrial, and 30 min into the recovery period from each trial.Results:Cortisol responses increased significantly for both serum (40.4%; P = .001) and saliva (170.6%; P = .007) only in response to high-intensity exercise. Peak saliva cortisol occurred at 30 min of recovery, whereas peak serum was at the immediate posttrial sampling time point. The association between serum and saliva cortisol across all trials was examined using concordance correlation (Rc) analysis, which accounts for repeated measures. The overall correlation between serum and saliva cortisol levels in all matched samples was significant (Rc = 0.728; P = .001). The scatter plot revealed that salivary cortisol responses tracked closely to those of serum at lower concentrations, but not as well at higher concentrations.Conclusions:Findings suggest salivary measurements of cortisol closely mirror those in the serum and that peak salivary concentrations do not occur until at least 30 min into the recovery from intense exercise.

scholarly journals Effect of Increasing the Dietary Protein Content of Breakfast on Subjective Appetite, Short-Term Food Intake and Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Children

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3025
Author(s):  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
Tammy Fansabedian ◽  
Vincent C.H. Wong ◽  
Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek ◽  
Neil R. Brett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Repeated Measures Designs ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
And Control

Dietary protein affects energy balance by decreasing food intake (FI) and increasing energy expenditure through diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in adults. Our objective was to investigate the effects of increasing the dietary protein in an isocaloric breakfast on subjective appetite, FI, blood glucose, and DIT in 9–14 y children. Two randomized repeated measures designs were used. In experiment 1, 17 children (9 boys, 8 girls) consumed isocaloric meals (450 kcal) on four separate mornings containing: 7 g (control), 15 g (low protein, LP), 30 g (medium protein, MP) or 45 g (high protein, HP) of protein. Blood glucose and subjective appetite were measured at baseline and regular intervals for 4 h, and FI was measured at 4 h. In experiment 2, 9 children (6 boys, 3 girls) consumed the control or HP breakfast on two separate mornings, and both DIT and subjective appetite were determined over 5 h. In experiment 1, all dietary protein treatments suppressed subjective appetite compared to control (p < 0.001), and the HP breakfast suppressed FI compared with the LP breakfast and control (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, DIT was higher after HP than control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing the dietary protein content of breakfast had favorable effects on satiety, FI, and DIT in children.

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