Growth and survival patterns of Cardiocrinum cordatum var. glehnii (Liliaceae) based on a 13-year monitoring study: Life history characteristics of a monocarpic perennial herb

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiwako Araki ◽  
Kenichiro Shimatani ◽  
Miyuki Nishizawa ◽  
Tomoko Yoshizane ◽  
Masashi Ohara
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Monocarpic Perennial

Based on 13 years of monitoring, the fates of individuals and contributions of size and age to demography through the life-history from seedling to flower were investigated in a monocarpic perennial herb, Cardiocrinum cordatum (Thunb.) Makino var. glehnii (F. Schmidt) H. Hara. Of 6155 seedlings, 5264 (85.5%) and 852 (13.8%) plants died at the seedling and one-leaf stage during the 13 years, respectively. Twelve individuals (0.40%) at the three- to seven-leaf stage reproduced after vegetative growth for 7–11 years, and all of them always showed constant positive growth patterns. Significant differences of sizes were detected between surviving and non-surviving individuals in earlier years at the one- and two-leaf stages. Logistic regression models showed that the survival and stage-increase probabilities increased until 5-years-old but decreased over 6-years-old, suggesting the significance of aging effects. At the four-leaf stage, the flowering probability increased with size, while it increased with leaf-stage but not size at greater stages. Individual growth models then suggested that many plants grew moderately: not only slow-growing but also rapidly-growing individuals tended to die within 7 years. Our study clarified three aspects of the life-history of C. cordatum: longevity of about a decade, constantly positive growth to flowering, and aging effects on growth and survival.

scholarly journals Growth patterns and life-history strategies in Placodontia (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 140440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Klein ◽  
James M. Neenan ◽  
Torsten M. Scheyer ◽  
Eva Maria Griebeler
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Long Bone

Placodontia is a clade of durophagous, near shore marine reptiles from Triassic sediments of modern-day Europe, Middle East and China. Although much is known about their primary anatomy and palaeoecology, relatively little has been published regarding their life history, i.e. ageing, maturation and growth. Here, growth records derived from long bone histological data of placodont individuals are described and modelled to assess placodont growth and life-history strategies. Growth modelling methods are used to confirm traits documented in the growth record (age at onset of sexual maturity, age when asymptotic length was achieved, age at death, maximum longevity) and also to estimate undocumented traits. Based on these growth models, generalized estimates of these traits are established for each taxon. Overall differences in bone tissue types and resulting growth curves indicate different growth patterns and life-history strategies between different taxa of Placodontia. Psephoderma and Paraplacodus grew with lamellar-zonal bone tissue type and show growth patterns as seen in modern reptiles. Placodontia indet. aff. Cyamodus and some Placodontia indet. show a unique combination of fibrolamellar bone tissue regularly stratified by growth marks, a pattern absent in modern sauropsids. The bone tissue type of Placodontia indet. aff. Cyamodus and Placodontia indet. indicates a significantly increased basal metabolic rate when compared with modern reptiles. Double lines of arrested growth, non-annual rest lines in annuli, and subcycles that stratify zones suggest high dependence of placodont growth on endogenous and exogenous factors. Histological and modelled differences within taxa point to high individual developmental plasticity but sexual dimorphism in growth patterns and the presence of different taxa in the sample cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals Individual growth models support the quantification of isotope incorporation rate, trophic discrimination and their interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Lefebvre ◽  
Marine Ballutaud ◽  
Maria-Teresa Nuche-Pascual ◽  
Sarah Nahon ◽  
Rongsong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Incorporation Rate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Trophic Discrimination ◽  
Isotopic Incorporation

Two large but independent bodies of literature exist on two essential components of the dynamics of isotopic incorporation: the isotopic incorporation rate (λ) and the trophic discrimination factor (Δ). Understanding the magnitude of these two parameters and the factors that shape them is fundamental to interpret the results of ecological studies that rely on stable isotopes. λ scales allometrically with body mass among species and depends on growth within species. Both are often assumed to be constant and independent of each other but evidence accumulates that might be linked and to vary with growth. We built and analyzed a model (IsoDyn) that connects individual growth and isotopic incorporation of nitrogen into whole body and muscle tissues. The model can assume a variety of individual growth patterns including exponential or asymptotic growths. λ depends on the rate of body mass gains which scales allometrically with body mass. Δ is a dynamic response variable that depends partly on the ratio between fluxes of gains and losses and covaries negatively with λ. The model can be parameterized either from existing large databases of animal growth models or directly from experimental results. The model was applied to experimental results on three ectotherms and one endotherm and compared to the results of the simpler and widely used time model. IsoDyn model gave a better fit with relatively little calibration. IsoDyn clarifies and expands the interpretation of isotopic incorporation data.

scholarly journals Modelling growth curves of the normal infant’s mandible: 3D measurements using computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Aart M. Schipper ◽  
Manouk J. S. van Lieshout ◽  
Stefan Böhringer ◽  
Bonnie L. Padwa ◽  
Simon G. F. Robben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Mandibular Body

Abstract Objectives Data on normal mandibular development in the infant is lacking though essential to understand normal growth patterns and to discriminate abnormal growth. The aim of this study was to provide normal linear measurements of the mandible using computed tomography performed in infants from 0 to 2 years of age. Material and methods 3D voxel software was used to calculate mandibular body length, mandibular ramus length, bicondylar width, bigonial width and the gonial angle. Intra- and inter-rater reliability was assessed for these measurements. They were found to be sufficient for all distances; intra-class correlation coefficients were all above 0.9. Regression analysis for growth modelling was performed. Results In this multi-centre retrospective study, 109 CT scans were found eligible that were performed for various reasons (e.g. trauma, craniosynostosis, craniofacial abscesses). Craniosynostosis patients had larger mandibular measurements compared to non-craniosynostosis patients and were therefore excluded. Fifty-one CT scans were analysed. Conclusions Analysis showed that the mandible increases more in size vertically (the mandibular ramus) than horizontally (the mandibular body). Most of the mandibular growth occurs in the first 6 months. Clinical relevance These growth models provide insight into normal mandibular development in the first 2 years of life. This reference data facilitates discrimination between normal and abnormal mandibular growth.

scholarly journals Comparison of growth models to describe growth from birth to 6 years in a Beninese cohort of children with repeated measurements

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e035785
Author(s):  
Shukrullah Ahmadi ◽  
Florence Bodeau-Livinec ◽  
Roméo Zoumenou ◽  
André Garcia ◽  
David Courtin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Best Fitting

ObjectiveTo select a growth model that best describes individual growth trajectories of children and to present some growth characteristics of this population.SettingsParticipants were selected from a prospective cohort conducted in three health centres (Allada, Sekou and Attogon) in a semirural region of Benin, sub-Saharan Africa.ParticipantsChildren aged 0 to 6 years were recruited in a cohort study with at least two valid height and weight measurements included (n=961).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThis study compared the goodness-of-fit of three structural growth models (Jenss-Bayley, Reed and a newly adapted version of the Gompertz growth model) on longitudinal weight and height growth data of boys and girls. The goodness-of-fit of the models was assessed using residual distribution over age and compared with the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The best-fitting model allowed estimating mean weight and height growth trajectories, individual growth and growth velocities. Underweight, stunting and wasting were also estimated at age 6 years.ResultsThe three models were able to fit well both weight and height data. The Jenss-Bayley model presented the best fit for weight and height, both in boys and girls. Mean height growth trajectories were identical in shape and direction for boys and girls while the mean weight growth curve of girls fell slightly below the curve of boys after neonatal life. Finally, 35%, 27.7% and 8% of boys; and 34%, 38.4% and 4% of girls were estimated to be underweight, wasted and stunted at age 6 years, respectively.ConclusionThe growth parameters of the best-fitting Jenss-Bayley model can be used to describe growth trajectories and study their determinants.

PATTERNS OF GROWTH IN HEIGHT AND WEIGHT FROM BIRTH TO EIGHTEEN YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-921
Author(s):  
Robert B. Reed ◽  
Harold C. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Adolescent Growth Spurt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Mature Size

In this report is displayed the range of variation observed in the growth curves of height and weight in a series of 134 children observed from birth to 18 years. For purposes of simplification the individuals have been classified on the basis of their rates of growth during three successive 6-year intervals. Even in terms of this crude classification several basic facts about individual growth patterns of height and weight are apparent. The wide range of differences between individuals applies not only to facts about size at specific ages but also to the pattern of change followed from age period to age period. The rate of growth during early childhood, i.e. before 6 years of age, is associated with, but not specifically predictive of, size at maturity and timing of the adolescent growth spurt. Individuals with rapid growth before 6 years of age tend to have large mature size and early adolescent growth spurt. It will be the objective of future reports from this research project to determine the manner in which the individual differences in growth demonstrated and classified here are related to aspects of physical development, to environmental influences such as dietary intake and to the level of health of the child.

scholarly journals Information Needs of Women Regarding Health and Hygiene Practices

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Loveleen Kaur ◽  
Sukhjeet Kaur ◽  
Preeti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Mass Media Exposure ◽  
Communication Methods

Information is a source of power and is important for individual growth and survival. Information about health and hygiene is crucial because it influences an individual’s quality of life. As far as health and hygiene practices are concerned, women play an active role in getting information about these; hence there is a need to study their information needs regarding health and hygiene. After finding out the needs of women regarding these aspects, accordingly information can be made accessible to them. Keeping this into account, the present study was conducted in Ludhiana district of Punjab. Data was taken from 200 rural and urban women of 25-50 years, by the help of an interview schedule. Health and hygiene practices were studied under three categories as personal, food related and household health and hygiene practices. Information needs were studied on a three point continuum i.e. highly needed, somewhat needed and not needed. Results of the study showed that under personal health and hygiene practice, information on hair care and obesity was most needed. The most needed information regarding food related health and hygiene was on low cost nutritious recipes. The major information need reported by the respondents was related to control of insects and pests in case of household health and hygiene practices and majority of the respondents had low level of information need for all health and hygiene practices. Information needs of the women were positively related with their education and mass media exposure, whereas age was negatively correlated with the information needs of women. Consequently, there is a need to educate women regarding health and hygiene practices through effective communication methods, so that they can realize the importance and need for information on these topics.

scholarly journals Clustering Individual Growth Patterns in an Even-Aged Forest Stand

FORMATH ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
H. Yanagihara ◽  
A. Yoshimoto
Keyword(s):  
Forest Stand ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth

scholarly journals Transcripts repressed at the stop of phloem unloading highlight the energy efficiency of sugar import in the ripening V. vinifera fruit.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Savoi ◽  
Laurent Torregrosa ◽  
Charles Romieu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Phloem Unloading ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
A Minor

AbstractTranscriptomic changes at the cessation of sugar accumulation in the pericarp of Vitis vinifera were addressed on single berries re-synchronized according to their individual growth patterns. The net rates of water, sugars and K+ accumulation inferred from individual growth and solute concentration confirmed that these inflows stopped simultaneously in the ripe berry, while the small amount of malic acid remaining at this stage was still being oxidized at a low rate. Resynchronized individual berries displayed negligible variations in gene expression among triplicates. RNA-Seq studies revealed sharp reprogramming of cell wall enzymes and structural proteins, associated with an 80% repression of specific sugar transporters and aquaporins on the plasma or tonoplast membranes, at the stop of phloem unloading in the three genotypes and two environments investigated. The prevalence of SWEET transporters suggests that electrogenic transporters would just play a minor role on the plasma membrane of SE/CC complex, and the one of the flesh, while sucrose/H+ exchangers dominate on its tonoplast. Cis-regulatory elements present in their promoters allowed to sort these transporters in different groups, also including specific TIPs and PIPs paralogs, and cohorts of cell wall related genes. These results lead us to propose which structural, developmental and energy adaptations would give this fruit such a power of attraction for water and photoassimilates.

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