scholarly journals Clustering Individual Growth Patterns in an Even-Aged Forest Stand

FORMATH ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
H. Yanagihara ◽  
A. Yoshimoto
Keyword(s):  
Forest Stand ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth

PATTERNS OF GROWTH IN HEIGHT AND WEIGHT FROM BIRTH TO EIGHTEEN YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-921
Author(s):  
Robert B. Reed ◽  
Harold C. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Adolescent Growth Spurt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Mature Size

In this report is displayed the range of variation observed in the growth curves of height and weight in a series of 134 children observed from birth to 18 years. For purposes of simplification the individuals have been classified on the basis of their rates of growth during three successive 6-year intervals. Even in terms of this crude classification several basic facts about individual growth patterns of height and weight are apparent. The wide range of differences between individuals applies not only to facts about size at specific ages but also to the pattern of change followed from age period to age period. The rate of growth during early childhood, i.e. before 6 years of age, is associated with, but not specifically predictive of, size at maturity and timing of the adolescent growth spurt. Individuals with rapid growth before 6 years of age tend to have large mature size and early adolescent growth spurt. It will be the objective of future reports from this research project to determine the manner in which the individual differences in growth demonstrated and classified here are related to aspects of physical development, to environmental influences such as dietary intake and to the level of health of the child.

scholarly journals Transcripts repressed at the stop of phloem unloading highlight the energy efficiency of sugar import in the ripening V. vinifera fruit.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Savoi ◽  
Laurent Torregrosa ◽  
Charles Romieu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Phloem Unloading ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
A Minor

AbstractTranscriptomic changes at the cessation of sugar accumulation in the pericarp of Vitis vinifera were addressed on single berries re-synchronized according to their individual growth patterns. The net rates of water, sugars and K+ accumulation inferred from individual growth and solute concentration confirmed that these inflows stopped simultaneously in the ripe berry, while the small amount of malic acid remaining at this stage was still being oxidized at a low rate. Resynchronized individual berries displayed negligible variations in gene expression among triplicates. RNA-Seq studies revealed sharp reprogramming of cell wall enzymes and structural proteins, associated with an 80% repression of specific sugar transporters and aquaporins on the plasma or tonoplast membranes, at the stop of phloem unloading in the three genotypes and two environments investigated. The prevalence of SWEET transporters suggests that electrogenic transporters would just play a minor role on the plasma membrane of SE/CC complex, and the one of the flesh, while sucrose/H+ exchangers dominate on its tonoplast. Cis-regulatory elements present in their promoters allowed to sort these transporters in different groups, also including specific TIPs and PIPs paralogs, and cohorts of cell wall related genes. These results lead us to propose which structural, developmental and energy adaptations would give this fruit such a power of attraction for water and photoassimilates.

scholarly journals Individual growth pattern and variability in Serranus scriba: a Bayesian analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Alós ◽  
Miquel Palmer ◽  
Salvador Balle ◽  
Antoni Maria Grau ◽  
Beatriz Morales-Nin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Population Dynamics Models ◽  
Dynamics Models

Abstract Alós, J., Palmer, M., Balle, S., Grau, A. M., and Morales-Nin, B. 2010. Individual growth pattern and variability in Serranus scriba: a Bayesian analysis. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 502–512. Variability in growth patterns at an individual level in Serranus scriba is described using a Bayesian approach for a generalized von Bertalanffy growth model that accommodates one change in growth rate at a specific point during the lifespan. The approach enables individual growth curves to be inferred, even in a species with a relatively short lifespan and no commercial value, i.e. limited sample sizes available, but potentially endangered by recreational fishing. The change in growth rate may be the result of differing allocation of energy between reproductive and somatic activities at different ages. Overall, the approach presented provides adequate input for future implementation of population dynamics models that take into account individual variability, e.g. individual-based models, even for species for which limited data are available.

scholarly journals Age and individual growth of Mesodesma mactroides (Bivalvia) in the southernmost range of its distribution

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Fiori ◽  
Enrique M. Morsán
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
External Shell

Abstract The yellow clam, Mesodesma mactroides, is an intertidal bivalve typical from sandy beaches of the South American Atlantic coast. Growth parameters of southernmost populations of M. mactroides were studied and compared with other populations. Thin shell sections were examined to describe internal shell layers and to contrast with external shell transparency. Periodicity of deposition of external growth increments was studied recording the degree of transparency of the shell border. Growth patterns were determined using modal progression analysis from size frequency distributions, analysis of external shell increments, and size-at-age data derived from inner shell layers. Growth parameters were described using the von Bertalanffy growth model. Both internal and external patterns were coincident and exhibited a succession of one translucent and one opaque region. The transparent region was deposited during summer. Growth differences found between populations may be related to unequal size of first ring in both beaches. This feature may originate from asynchrony in spawning and recruitment. The monthly analysis of shell length size frequency distribution shows that growth of M. mactroides is seasonal. Estimations of asymptotic size of studied populations and others located at the southern (coldest) half of the geographical range of distribution suggest a negative relation with latitude.

scholarly journals Measuring the stability of individual growth patterns

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals Analysis of Grouped Growth Patterns in Even-Aged Sugi Forest Stand within the Framework of Mixture Model

FORMATH ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (0) ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Yanagihara ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ninomiya ◽  
Atsushi Yoshimoto
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Model ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Growth Patterns

scholarly journals Cortical growth patterns in relation to autism spectrum disorder in ages 1-2 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Plunkett ◽  
Emily Iannopollo ◽  
Chris Basinski ◽  
Kara Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Surface Matching ◽  
Brain Growth

Background and Hypothesis: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 2.76% among children ages 3-17 in the United States1. Some studies have linked total brain volume overgrowth or gyrification changes to ASD2,3,4. However, few have attempted to relate specific growth patterns to ASD. We hypothesize that regional differences in brain growth in subjects aged 12-24 months will correlate with diagnoses from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Project Methods: The subjects for this study came from the Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS)5. The CIVET pipeline was used to segment T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs) into surfaces using a non-linear classification method5,6,7. CIVET quality control outputs were used for validation and to select parameters for the tasks along with previous recommendations5,8. Analysis of Functional NeuroImages (AFNI) was used to convert the CIVET output format, and Connectome Workbench was used to calculate surface curvature. Using cortical reconstructions and surface curvatures from 12- and 24-month brains, anatomically-constrained Multimodal Surface Matching (aMSM) was applied to achieve point correspondence and generate individual cortical growth maps9,10. Results: Within the IBIS database, we found 38 individuals with ASD and 121 controls with T1weighted scans at both 12 and 24-month time points. Once individual growth maps have been generated for all subjects, Permutation Analysis of Linear Models (PALM)11 will be used to determine statistically significant differences in the cortical growth patterns of ASD versus control groups. Conclusion and Potential Impact: Research on autism may benefit from longitudinal studies of growth, as opposed to analysis of structural differences at later ages4. We concentrate on cortical growth before 24 months, which may serve as an earlier marker of ASD, when abnormal brain growth can be seen yet social deficits are not fully established5.   [1] Zablotsky B, Black LI, Blumberg SJ. Estimated Prevalence of Children With Diagnosed Developmental Disabilities in the United States, 2014–2016. NCHS Data Brief 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db291.pdf (accessed April 29, 2019). [2] Libero LE, Schaer M, Li DD, Amaral DG, Nordahl CW. A Longitudinal Study of Local Gyrification Index in Young Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cereb Cortex. 2019;29(6):2575-87. [3] Raznahan A, Toro R, Daly E, Robertson D, Murphy C, Deeley Q, et al. Cortical anatomy in autism spectrum disorder: an in vivo MRI study on the effect of age. Cereb Cortex. 2010;20(6):1332-40. [4] Duret P, Samson F, Pinsard B, Barbeau EB, Bore A, Soulieres I, et al. Gyrification changes are related to cognitive strengths in autism. Neuroimage Clin. 2018;20:415-23. [5] Hazlett HC, Gu H, Munsell BC, Kim SH, Styner M, Wolff JJ, et al. Early brain development in infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder. Nature. 2017;542(7641):348-51. [6] Shaw P, Malek M, Watson B, Sharp W, Evans A, Greenstein D. Development of cortical surface area and gyrification in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;72(3):191-7. [7] Ad-Dab’bagh, Y., Einarson, D., Lyttelton, O., Muehlboeck, J.-S., Mok, K., Ivanov, O., Vincent, R.D., Lepage, C., Lerch, J., Fombonne, E., and Evans, A.C. (2006). The CIVET Image-Processing Environment: A Fully Automated Comprehensive Pipeline for Anatomical Neuroimaging Research. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, M. Corbetta, ed. (Florence, Italy, NeuroImage). http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/users/yaddab/Yasser-HBM2006-Poster.pdf [8] Shaw P, Kabani NJ, Lerch JP, Eckstrand K, Lenroot R, Gogtay N, et al. Neurodevelopmental trajectories of the human cerebral cortex. J Neurosci. 2008;28(14):3586-94. [9] Garcia KE, Robinson EC, Alexopoulos D, Dierker DL, Glasser MF, Coalson TS, et al. Dynamic patterns of cortical expansion during folding of the preterm human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(12):3156-61. [10] Robinson EC, Garcia K, Glasser MF, Chen Z, Coalson TS, Makropoulos A, et al. Multimodal surface matching with higher-order smoothness constraints. Neuroimage. 2018;167:453-65. [11] Winkler AM, Ridgway GR, Webster MA, Smith SM, Nichols TE. Permutation inference for the general linear model. NeuroImage, 2014;92:381-397 (Open Access)

scholarly journals Evidence of overfishing of geoduck clam Panopea globosa from a length-based stock assessment approach

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9069
Author(s):  
Marlene A. Luquin-Covarrubias ◽  
Enrique Morales-Bojórquez ◽  
Juan A. García-Borbón ◽  
Sergio Amezcua-Castro ◽  
Sergio A. Pérez-Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Harvest Rate ◽  
Assessment Approach

Stock assessment of the geoduck clam Panopea globosa in Mexico has been based on data-poor without consideration of the biological traits of the species, promoting a passive management strategy without biological reference points for its harvest and conservation, which results in limited advice regarding the sustainability of the fishery. The stock assessment was supported on an integrated catch-at-size assessment model. The model described the population changes, including recruitment, selectivity, fishing mortality, individual growth patterns and survival over time, providing management quantities for the geoduck clam fishery, such as biomass-at-length (total and vulnerable) and harvest rate-at-length. The results indicated overfishing of the geoduck clam population; the harvest rate exceeded the management tactics established for this fishery, even the individuals smaller than the minimum legal size (130 mm) were harvested. Thus, declines in the total biomass (from 3,262 to 1,130 t) and recruitment (representing an 86% decrease) were observed from 2010 to 2012. Although the results showed a recovery trend in recruitment and total biomass from 2014 to 2016, this trend may have been due to the spatial relocation of fishing mortality.

scholarly journals The Interannual Variability of the Fall Size of Young-of-The-Year Chub (Squalius cephalus): Influence of Phenology, Growth Patterns and Abiotic Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Logez ◽  
Bernadette Bounket ◽  
Pierre Gibert ◽  
Georges Carrel ◽  
Virginie Diouloufet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Squalius Cephalus

Long-term surveys confirm the rapidity of environmental and biological changes undergone by endangered species but that also concerned relatively “tolerant” species, especially common rheophilic species such as European chub (Squalius cephalus, Linnaeus 1758). As many organisms, fish are highly vulnerable during their first life stages. Body size is a determinant factor for ecosystem functioning and for fish to survive to predators or to winter conditions. While numerous studies has already demonstrated the large variability of autumnal size of fish hatched during the year, few have focused on the factors explaining these interannual variations and on the growth patterns underlying these distributions. Using otoliths of young-of-the-year (YOY), we studied how the interannual variability in fall sizes of chub might be related to varying phenology, temperature, hydrology and growth patterns. YOY were sampled in three sections of the same reach of the Rhône River with contrasted hydrological regime: an artificial deep lotic channel (the tailrace of Bollène), a bypassed section with both lotic and lentic areas (former river channel before dam construction) and a reservoir with lentic deep waters. Sampling was performed on each sector during two thermally distinct years. Temperature had an important effect on both phenology and growth rate but it was not expressed similarly among river sections. Fish hatched earlier in the warmer year. Fish sizes were positively correlated with growing degree-days, but with distinct relationships between years and sections. The growth was faster in the warmer year, and in the warmer section, but differences in growth patterns varied between sections. In the bypassed section, the difference was slight, almost not significant, even if temperatures were very different between the 2 years considered. Autumnal variations in size could be explained either by an earlier phenology or by a faster growth due to higher temperatures occurring during the final part of the growing period. Our results were in accordance with general theory’s predictions relating individual growth to temperature, but they also showed that other factors might mitigate the influence of temperature on fish early life stages.

scholarly journals Transcripts switched off at the stop of phloem unloading highlight the energy efficiency of sugar import in the ripening V. vinifera fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Savoi ◽  
Laurent Torregrosa ◽  
Charles Romieu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Phloem Unloading

AbstractTranscriptomic changes at the cessation of sugar accumulation in the pericarp of Vitis vinifera were addressed on single berries re-synchronised according to their individual growth patterns. The net rates of water, sugars and K+ accumulation inferred from individual growth and solute concentration confirmed that these inflows stopped simultaneously in the ripe berry, while the small amount of malic acid remaining at this stage was still being oxidised at low rate. Re-synchronised individual berries displayed negligible variations in gene expression among triplicates. RNA-seq studies revealed sharp reprogramming of cell-wall enzymes and structural proteins at the stop of phloem unloading, associated with an 80% repression of multiple sugar transporters and aquaporins on the plasma or tonoplast membranes, with the noticeable exception of H+/sugar symporters, which were rather weakly and constitutively expressed. This was verified in three genotypes placed in contrasted thermo-hydric conditions. The prevalence of SWEET suggests that electrogenic transporters would play a minor role on the plasma membranes of SE/CC complex and the one of the flesh, while sucrose/H+ exchangers dominate on its tonoplast. Cis-regulatory elements present in their promoters allowed to sort these transporters in different groups, also including specific TIPs and PIPs paralogs, and cohorts of cell wall-related genes. Together with simple thermodynamic considerations, these results lead to propose that H+/sugar exchangers at the tonoplast, associated with a considerably acidic vacuolar pH, may exhaust cytosolic sugars in the flesh and alleviate the need for supplementary energisation of sugar transport at the plasma membrane.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document