PATTERNS OF GROWTH IN HEIGHT AND WEIGHT FROM BIRTH TO EIGHTEEN YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-921
Author(s):  
Robert B. Reed ◽  
Harold C. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Adolescent Growth Spurt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Mature Size

In this report is displayed the range of variation observed in the growth curves of height and weight in a series of 134 children observed from birth to 18 years. For purposes of simplification the individuals have been classified on the basis of their rates of growth during three successive 6-year intervals. Even in terms of this crude classification several basic facts about individual growth patterns of height and weight are apparent. The wide range of differences between individuals applies not only to facts about size at specific ages but also to the pattern of change followed from age period to age period. The rate of growth during early childhood, i.e. before 6 years of age, is associated with, but not specifically predictive of, size at maturity and timing of the adolescent growth spurt. Individuals with rapid growth before 6 years of age tend to have large mature size and early adolescent growth spurt. It will be the objective of future reports from this research project to determine the manner in which the individual differences in growth demonstrated and classified here are related to aspects of physical development, to environmental influences such as dietary intake and to the level of health of the child.

scholarly journals Individual growth pattern and variability in Serranus scriba: a Bayesian analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Alós ◽  
Miquel Palmer ◽  
Salvador Balle ◽  
Antoni Maria Grau ◽  
Beatriz Morales-Nin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Population Dynamics Models ◽  
Dynamics Models

Abstract Alós, J., Palmer, M., Balle, S., Grau, A. M., and Morales-Nin, B. 2010. Individual growth pattern and variability in Serranus scriba: a Bayesian analysis. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 502–512. Variability in growth patterns at an individual level in Serranus scriba is described using a Bayesian approach for a generalized von Bertalanffy growth model that accommodates one change in growth rate at a specific point during the lifespan. The approach enables individual growth curves to be inferred, even in a species with a relatively short lifespan and no commercial value, i.e. limited sample sizes available, but potentially endangered by recreational fishing. The change in growth rate may be the result of differing allocation of energy between reproductive and somatic activities at different ages. Overall, the approach presented provides adequate input for future implementation of population dynamics models that take into account individual variability, e.g. individual-based models, even for species for which limited data are available.

Quantitative Evaluation of Craniofacial Growth in the Third Trimester Human

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-404
Author(s):  
J. Michael Plavcan ◽  
R. Z. German
Keyword(s):  
Craniofacial Development ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rates Of Growth

A detailed understanding of fetal craniofacial growth is necessary for understanding the mechanisms underlying the growth process and how altered growth patterns may give rise to specific craniofacial anomalies. Although descriptive studies of human fetal craniofacial growth are abundant, quantitative studies are less common; most employ only lateral cephalograms or tracings of sectioned specimens. In this study, we compared growth rates in the individual bones of the facial and basicranial regions in a large sample of spontaneously aborted, third trimester fetuses. Growth in the individual dimensions of most bones is not significantly different from isometry when compared with body weight, but comparisons of dimensions within bones show clear changes in shape. In particular, the mandible is characterized by a deepening of the corpus, probably in association with development of the teeth. The maxilla also shows a relatively rapid height increase associated with dental development. The temporal bone grows faster in superoinferior height as opposed to anteroposterior width. The lateral and inferior margins of the zygomatic bone grow faster than the orbital margin. The basioccipital bone, cited in radiographic studies as growing substantially slower than the facial region, actually changes in shape more rapidly than any other skeletal component examined in this study, with widths growing much faster than lengths. Our findings demonstrate that craniofacial development in the third trimester Is characterized by localized variation in the rate of growth within and between individual skeletal components, and that gross characterizations of regional rates of growth inadequately characterize craniofacial development.

Growth of single proglottides during early adult development of Hymenolepis nana

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
H. Kumazawa ◽  
I. Fairweather
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Parallel Growth

SUMMARYThe growth of individual proglottides of Hymenolepis nana has been studied by measuring the width and length of the proglottides between days 3 and 8 post-infection in mice. Two sets of measurements were obtained. The first involved proglottides immediately posterior to the point of proglottis formation and proglottides at particular stages of development. For the second set, measurements were made of proglottides at certain positions in the worm, specifically the 20th, 100th and 200th proglottides, as counted from the posterior end of the worm. For proglottides at different stages in development, the width of a particular stage was greater in the later days of infection, while the length was almost constant. The length of newly-formed proglottides varied only slightly with time despite differences in the width and in the 3-fold increase in proglottis production that occurs between days 3 and 8 post-infection. The width of the 20th, 100th and 200th proglottides followed parallel growth curves that coincided with each other after an appropriate shift along the time axis. The more anterior the position of the proglottis, the greater was the width at the time of proglottis formation, and so its growth began later on the common growth curve. Growth in length of the 20th proglottis was at first faster than the 100th and 200th proglottides, but later slowed down to a level comparable with them, and the growth curves for the length of the three proglottides were very similar to each other. The rates of growth in the volume of the three proglottides were also estimated. The results are also discussed in relation to other approaches to the study of tapeworm growth and to factors that may be responsible for the growth patterns observed.

scholarly journals Functional Modeling of Plant Growth Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Xu ◽  
Yumou Qiu ◽  
James C. Schnable
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Anova ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTRecent advances in automated plant phenotyping have enabled the collection time series measurements from the same plants of a wide range of traits over different developmental time scales. The availability of time series phenotypic datasets has increased interest in statistical approaches for comparing patterns of change between different plant genotypes and different treatment conditions. Two widely used methods of modeling growth over time are point-wise analysis of variance (ANOVA) and parametric sigmoidal curve fitting. Point-wise ANOVA yields discontinuous growth curves, which do not reflect the true dynamics of growth patterns in plants. In contrast, fitting a parametric model to a time series of observations does capture the trend of growth, however these models require assumptions regarding the true pattern of plant growth. Depending on the species, treatment regime, and subset of the plant lifecycle sampled this assumptions will not always hold true. Here we introduce a different approach – functional ANOVA – which yields continuous growth curves without requiring assumptions regarding patterns of plant growth. We compare and validate this approach using data from an experiment measuring growth of two maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) genotypes under two water availability treatments over a 21-day period. Functional ANOVA enables a nonparametric estimation of the dynamics of changes in plant traits over time without assumptions regarding curve shape. In addition to estimating smooth curves of trait values over time, functional ANOVA also estimates the the derivatives of these curves – e.g. growth rates – simultaneously. Using two different subsampling strategies, we demonstrate that this functional ANOVA method enables the comparison of growth curves between plants phenotyped on non-overlapping days with little reduction in estimation accuracy. This means functional ANOVA based approaches can allow larger numbers of samples and biological replicates to be scored in a single experiment given fixed amounts of phenotyping infrastructure and personnel.

Putting the individual back into individual growth curves.

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paras D. Mehta ◽  
Stephen G. West
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
The Individual

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

Punk as Folk: Continuities and Tensions in the UK and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Dale
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Numerous claims have been made by a wide range of commentators that punk is somehow “a folk music” of some kind. Doubtless there are several continuities. Indeed, both tend to encourage amateur music-making, both often have affiliations with the Left, and both emerge at least partly from a collective/anti-competitive approach to music-making. However, there are also significant tensions between punk and folk as ideas/ideals and as applied in practice. Most obviously, punk makes claims to a “year zero” creativity (despite inevitably offering re-presentation of at least some existing elements in every instance), whereas folk music is supposed to carry forward a tradition (which, thankfully, is more recognized in recent decades as a subject-to-change “living tradition” than was the case in folk’s more purist periods). Politically, meanwhile, postwar folk has tended more toward a socialist and/or Marxist orientation, both in the US and UK, whereas punk has at least rhetorically claimed to be in favor of “anarchy” (in the UK, in particular). Collective creativity and competitive tendencies also differ between the two (perceived) genre areas. Although the folk scene’s “floor singer” tradition offers a dispersal of expressive opportunity comparable in some ways to the “anyone can do it” idea that gets associated with punk, the creative expectation of the individual within the group differs between the two. Punk has some similarities to folk, then, but there are tensions, too, and these are well worth examining if one is serious about testing out the common claim, in both folk and punk, that “anyone can do it.”

scholarly journals The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 Transcription Factor Is Involved in the Multiple Stress Tolerance to Heat and Drought in Rice Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7181
Author(s):  
Seong-Im Park ◽  
Hyeok Jin Kwon ◽  
Mi Hyeon Cho ◽  
Ji Sun Song ◽  
Beom-Gi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Multiple Stress Tolerance

The AP2/EREBP family transcription factors play important roles in a wide range of stress tolerance and hormone signaling. In this study, a heat-inducible rice ERF gene was isolated and functionally characterized. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 was categorized to Group-IIIc of the rice AP2/EREBP family and strongly induced by heat and drought treatment. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 protein targeted to nuclei and suppressed the ABA-induced transcriptional activation of Rab16A promoter in rice protoplasts. Overexpression of OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 enhanced thermotolerance of seeds and vegetative growth stage plants. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 overexpressing (OE) plants exhibited higher proline level and increased expression of a proline biosynthesis P5CS1 gene. Phenotyping of water use dynamics of the individual plant indicates that the OsERF115/AP2EREBP110-OE plant exhibited better water saving traits under heat and drought combined stress. Our combined results suggest the potential use of OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 as a candidate gene for genetic engineering approaches to develop heat and drought stress-tolerant crops.

scholarly journals Entangling Lattice-Trapped Bosons with a Free Impurity: Impact on Stationary and Dynamical Properties

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Maxim Pyzh ◽  
Kevin Keiler ◽  
Simeon I. Mistakidis ◽  
Peter Schmelcher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
Particle Level ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Tunneling Dynamics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trapped Bosons

We address the interplay of few lattice trapped bosons interacting with an impurity atom in a box potential. For the ground state, a classification is performed based on the fidelity allowing to quantify the susceptibility of the composite system to structural changes due to the intercomponent coupling. We analyze the overall response at the many-body level and contrast it to the single-particle level. By inspecting different entropy measures we capture the degree of entanglement and intraspecies correlations for a wide range of intra- and intercomponent interactions and lattice depths. We also spatially resolve the imprint of the entanglement on the one- and two-body density distributions showcasing that it accelerates the phase separation process or acts against spatial localization for repulsive and attractive intercomponent interactions, respectively. The many-body effects on the tunneling dynamics of the individual components, resulting from their counterflow, are also discussed. The tunneling period of the impurity is very sensitive to the value of the impurity-medium coupling due to its effective dressing by the few-body medium. Our work provides implications for engineering localized structures in correlated impurity settings using species selective optical potentials.

scholarly journals A Tale of Odds and Ratios: Political Preference Formation in Postindustrial Democracies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wineroither ◽  
Rudolf Metz
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Preference Formation ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis report surveys four approaches that are pivotal to the study of preference formation: (a) the range, validity, and theoretical foundations of explanations of political preferences at the individual and mass levels, (b) the exploration of key objects of preference formation attached to the democratic political process (i.e., voting in competitive elections), (c) the top-down vs. bottom-up character of preference formation as addressed in leader–follower studies, and (d) gene–environment interaction and the explanatory weight of genetic predisposition against the cumulative weight of social experiences.In recent years, our understanding of sites and processes of (individual) political-preference formation has substantially improved. First, this applies to a greater variety of objects that provide fresh insight into the functioning and stability of contemporary democracy. Second, we observe the reaffirmation of pivotal theories and key concepts in adapted form against widespread challenge. This applies to the role played by social stratification, group awareness, and individual-level economic considerations. Most of these findings converge in recognising economics-based explanations. Third, research into gene–environment interplay rapidly increases the number of testable hypotheses and promises to benefit a wide range of approaches already taken and advanced in the study of political-preference formation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document