A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CONCEPT OF WOUND REPAIR IN WOODY STEMS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. George Barker
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
Healing Of Wounds ◽  
Xylem Ray Cells ◽  
Secondary Wood

Those xylem ray cells closely associated with the cambial zone will unite in proliferating with other cells recently derived from the cambium following the wounding of a basswood stem. However, ray cells remote from the cambium, although potentially meristematic, will fail to divide. Nonetheless these latter will grow out occasionally when the ray, exposed during the culturing operation, is closely connected with actively growing callus tissue. Parenchyma throughout the body of the secondary wood of the basswood has been shown to proliferate whenever a mass is exposed which is considerably larger in volume than a normal multiseriate ray. The healing of wounds in the linden best should be considered as a function of active, newly formed, cambial derivatives and not as a reaction dominated by any one tissue.

3D Printing of Artificial Skin Patches with Bioactive and Optically Active Polymer Materials for Anti-Infection and Augmenting Wound Repair

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhao ◽  
Jingwen Xu ◽  
Haitao Yuan ◽  
Endong Zhang ◽  
Nan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Artificial Skin ◽  
Optically Active Polymer ◽  
Cell Affinity

Inspired by the skin biofunction of protecting the body from microorganism invasion, artificially manufacturing human skin in vitro with promising antibacterial capability and cell affinity is urgently required in wound...

scholarly journals Size variation in the vascular cambium and its derivatives in two Alstonia species

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moin A. Khan ◽  
Badruzzaman Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Size Variation ◽  
Tropical Tree Species ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Appreciable Increase ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Xylem Ray Cells ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Xylem Fibers ◽  
Fusiform Initial

Two tropical tree species viz. Alstonia venenata Br. and Alstonia neriifolia Don. (Apocynaceae) were investigated to detect size variation in different elements of the cambium and its derivative tissues. Although these two species were grown under identical climatic and edaphic conditions, fusiform initial dimensions and the elements derived from them were larger in A. venenata than in A. neriifolia. Ray initials are rectangular in A. venenata but isodiametric in A. neriifolia. An appreciable increase in length was observed in the phloem and xylem ray cells when compared to the mother cells. Maximum elongation was observed in xylem fibers during differentiation from the respective fusiform initials.

scholarly journals Functions of Macrophages in the Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Qianhong Ye ◽  
Xiangfang Zeng ◽  
Shiyan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Control ◽  
Modulating Functions

Intestinal macrophages constitute the largest pool of macrophages in the body and have emerged as crucial sentinels for pathogen recognition and elimination. The source and development of intestinal macrophages, as well as their distinct properties have been well documented. Intestinal macrophages exert their functions in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by shaping host-microbiota symbiosis, managing gut inflammation, crosstalking with T cells, and facilitating wound repair. Recently, nutritional regulation of intestinal macrophages has attracted substantial attention and is becoming a promising approach to disease prevention and control. Understanding the mechanisms employed by intestinal macrophages in mediating intestinal immune homeostasis and inflammation, as well as the mode of action of dietary nutrients in the modulating functions of intestinal macrophages, represents an opportunity to prevent and control inflammatory bowel diseases.

Can miRNAs Serve as Potential Markers in Thermal Burn Injury: An In Silico Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K Shukla ◽  
Ajay K Sharma ◽  
Rhythm Bharti ◽  
Vidit Kulshrestha ◽  
Aman Kalonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Mirna Expression Data ◽  
Protein Data Bank Database

Abstract Burn injury has been a major cause of morbidity at global levels. They can occur by multiple agents, such as thermal radiation and chemicals. Among all, thermal burn is predominant and may require specialized treatment in some patients. Although various biomarkers are reportedly used in thermal burn for understanding the pathophysiology of the injury, their limitations prompt for the search of suitable markers that can address the depth and severity of the burn. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved noncoding molecules that seem to be the promising marker due to their role in multiple pathways and participation in different physiological processes of the body. The present review highlights the role of miRNAs in the repair of the wound and their interaction with specific genes in response to burn stress. Key miR candidates include miR-21, miR-29a, miR-378a-5p, miR-100, miR-27b, miR-200c, miR-150, miR-499-5p, miR-92a, miR-194, and miR-146b, which are identified for their respective targets involved in wound repair. Furthermore, bioinformatics and computational tools were used to confirm the miRNAs and their specific targets. Gene and miRNA expression data sets were downloaded from Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank Database and RNAComposer, respectively, and docked by PatchDock. The possible implications of the identified miRNAs could be in understanding the mechanism of burn injury. These can also be studied with the available drugs being used for burn injury. Apart from that, new intended molecules may also be tested for their effect on these miRNAs.

Equine thrombospondin II and secreted protein acidic and cysteine-rich in a model of normal and pathological wound repair

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Miragliotta ◽  
Kevin Raphaël ◽  
Zoë Ipiña ◽  
Jacques G. Lussier ◽  
Christine L. Theoret
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Temporal Gene Expression ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression

Wound healing in horses is complicated, particularly when wounds are on the limb. The objectives of this study were to clone equine thrombospondin II (THBS2) and secreted protein acidic and cysteine-rich (SPARC) cDNAs and to compare the spatiotemporal expression of mRNAs and proteins during repair of body and limb wounds. These molecules were targeted in view of their potential biological contribution to angiogenesis, which is exacerbated during the repair of limb wounds in horses. Cloning was achieved by screening size-selected cDNA libraries previously derived from 7-day-old wounds. Expression was studied in unwounded skin and in samples from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 wk old wounds of the body and limb. Temporal gene expression was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR, while protein expression was mapped immunohistochemically. The temporal pattern of expression for both genes was similar; wounding caused immediate upregulation of mRNA, which did not return to baseline by the end of the study, and overexpression was noted in body relative to limb wounds. Immunostaining for THBS2 and SPARC was induced by wounding, though no differences in stain location or intensity were detected between body and limb wounds. This study is the first to characterize equine cDNA for THBS2 and SPARC and to document mRNA expression over the different phases of repair. THBS2 and SPARC might modulate angiogenesis during wound healing in the horse, which could protect against the disproportionate fibroplasia commonly afflicting limb wounds and leading to the development of exuberant granulation tissue.

scholarly journals Current concepts in apoptosis: The physiological suicide program revisited

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajit Chowdhury ◽  
Binu Tharakan ◽  
Ganapathy Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Extrinsic Pathway ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Proteolytic Cascade ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cell Suicide

AbstractApoptosis, or programmed cell death (PCD), involves a complex network of biochemical pathways that normally ensure a homeostatic balance between cellular proliferation and turnover in nearly all tissues. Apoptosis is essential for the body, as its deregulation can lead to several diseases. It plays a major role in a variety of physiological events, including embryonic development, tissue renewal, hormone-induced tissue atrophy, removal of inflammatory cells, and the evolution of granulation tissue into scar tissue. It also has an essential role in wound repair. The various cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved in apoptosis are not fully understood. However, there are two major pathways, the extrinsic pathway (receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway) and the intrinsic pathway (mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway), which are both well established. The key component in both is the activation of the caspase cascade. Caspases belong to the family of proteases that ultimately, by cleaving a set of proteins, cause disassembly of the cell. Although the caspase-mediated proteolytic cascade represents a central point in the apoptotic response, its initiation is tightly regulated by a variety of other factors. Among them, Bcl-2 family proteins, TNF and p53 play pivotal roles in the regulation of caspase activation and in the regulation of apoptosis. This review summarizes the established concepts in apoptosis as a physiological cell suicide program, highlighting the recent and significant advances in its study.

Changes in carbohydrates and ultrastructure in xylem ray cells ofPopulus in response to chilling

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Sauter ◽  
Sabine Kloth
Keyword(s):  
Ray Cells ◽  
Xylem Ray Cells

scholarly journals PGE2 induced in and released by dying cells functions as an inhibitory DAMP

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (14) ◽  
pp. 3844-3849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Hangai ◽  
Tomoka Ao ◽  
Yoshitaka Kimura ◽  
Kosuke Matsuki ◽  
Takeshi Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Dying Cells

Cellular components released into the external milieu as a result of cell death and sensed by the body are generally termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Although DAMPs are conventionally thought to be protective to the host by evoking inflammatory responses important for immunity and wound repair, there is the prevailing notion that dysregulated release of DAMPs can also underlie or exacerbate disease development. However, the critical issue for how resultant DAMP-mediated responses are regulated has heretofore not been fully addressed. In the present study, we identify prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a DAMP that negatively regulates immune responses. We show that the production of PGE2 is augmented under cell death-inducing conditions via the transcriptional induction of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene and that cell-released PGE2 suppresses the expression of genes associated with inflammation, thereby limiting the cell’s immunostimulatory activities. Consistent with this, inhibition of the PGE2 synthesis pathway potentiates the inflammation induced by dying cells. We also provide in vivo evidence for a protective role of PGE2 released upon acetaminophen-induced liver injury as well as a pathogenic role for PGE2 during tumor cell growth. Our study places this classically known lipid mediator in an unprecedented context—that is, an inhibitory DAMP vis-à-vis activating DAMPs, which may have translational implications for designing more effective therapeutic regimens for inflammation-associated diseases.

FROST RING FORMATION IN THE STEMS OF SOME CONIFEROUS SPECIES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Glerum ◽  
J. L. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Xylem Ray Cells ◽  
Mother Cells

Seedlings of several conifer species were artificially subjected to freezing temperatures. Microscopic examination of sections, taken at intervals after the frost, revealed the way in which frost rings developed. Differentiating tracheids and xylem mother cells were killed by the frost, leaving a permanent band of underlignified and crumpled tracheids inside a band of dead cell tissue. Most of the cambial initials remained alive but developed abnormally into short irregular tracheids. Parenchyma cells proliferated mainly from the xylem ray cells. With subsequent growth, the growing stresses, which had become subnormal because of the collapse of killed cells, were restored. This was accompanied by the reestablishment of the cambium to its normal form.

scholarly journals Contemporary model of dealing with scars in cosmetology and aesthetic medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Marlena Przewłocka-Gągała
Keyword(s):  
Complete Removal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Healing Of Wounds ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Many ◽  
Scar Reduction

Scars on the body can affect both the aesthetic and health aspects. They are formed during the healing of wounds, and the place where the defect is formed is replaced by fibrous connective tissue. Due to the structure, scars can be divided into: atrophic, linear, hypertrophic and keloid. The aim of the study was to present various types of scars and the possibilities of therapy in modern cosmetology and aesthetic medicine. The methods of scar reduction depend on the morphology of the lesions and may be pharmacological, mechanical or chemical. Despite the many possibilities offered by the aesthetic market, complete removal of the scar is often impossible, however, the use of combined therapies may lead to its significant reduction, flattening or discoloration. Scar reduction not only improves the external appearance, but also helps to regain psychological comfort of people as well as increase self-confidence.

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