A systematic investigation of leaf epidermis in Camellia using light microscopy

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengqi Ao ◽  
Chuangxing Ye ◽  
Hongda Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Type 3

AbstractThe characters of mature leaf epidermis of 58 species and 3 varieties belonging to 19 sections, representing all the 4 subgenera: Protocamellia, Camellia, Thea and Metacamellia were investigated under light microscope. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The shape of the epidermal cells is elliptical, polygonal or irregular and the anticlinal walls are arched, straight or sinuolate, sinuous to sinuate. 2) The stomatal apparatus, consisting of a stoma (a pore plus a pair of guard cells) and 3–4 subsidiary cells, restricted to the abaxial surface of the leaves, were assigned to anisocytic, anisotricytic, isotricytic or tetracytic type. 3) Special structures in leaf epidermis, such as stomatal clusters, aborted stomata, secretory cells, cuticular intrusions and their taxonomic implications were also elucidated.

scholarly journals Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. lamina anatomy as a tool for taxonomic distinction from B. odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick comb. nov (Arecaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUNO F. SANT'ANNA-SANTOS ◽  
WELLINGTON G.O. CARVALHO JÚNIOR ◽  
VANESSA B. AMARAL
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Plant Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Fibrous Layer ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The distinction between Butia capitata and B. odorata is based only on a few morphological characteristics, therefore there is a need for additional studies for supporting the separation of the species. As lamina anatomy characteristics are relevant in circumscribing Arecaceae taxa, this work aimed to describe B. capitata lamina anatomy and compare it with B. odorata. Samples from the middle portion of the pinnae were collected and processed in accordance with standard plant anatomy techniques. The epidermis is uniseriate and composed of a thick cuticle and epicuticular waxes into like hooked filaments. The subsidiary cells that arch over the guard cells are located at the hypodermis. The mesophyll is isobilateral and compact. The vascular bundles are collateral with a sclerenchymatic sheath extension that reaches the hypodermis. The stegmata cells have spherical and druse-like silica bodies. The midrib faces the adaxial surface with a thick fibrous layer surrounding the vascular bundles adjacent to the chlorenchyma. The stratified expansion tissue is on the abaxial surface, within the boundary between the mesophyll and midrib. Raphides are only found in B. capitata. Small bundles of the midrib fully surround the fibrous cylinder only in B. odorata. These characteristics are diagnostic and useful for supporting the proposed separation.

Leaf micromorphology in Poaceae subtribe Olyrinae (Bambusoideae) and its systematic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile Fernandes Lima ◽  
Kelly Regina Batista Leite ◽  
Lynn G Clark ◽  
R Patricia de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Leaf Micromorphology ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Herbaceous Bamboos ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract We analysed the leaf epidermal surfaces of 52 species of herbaceous bamboos belonging to all 20 genera of subtribe Olyrinae (Olyreae). We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) to describe their foliar microcharacters and test the taxonomic utility of these characters in the subtribe. Shape and distribution of silica bodies, presence, type and distribution of papillae on the long cells and subsidiary cells and the presence and distribution of prickles and macrohairs were found to be taxonomically informative, whereas microhairs were not useful in this group. The type of papillae on the abaxial surface had a robust taxonomic value mainly at the generic level, whereas the distribution of these microstructures helped to differentiate some species of Arberella, Cryptochloa, Diandrolyra, Olyra, Piresia and Sucrea. We also confirmed that in some species, papillae associated with the stomata are on the long cells and project over the stomatal complexes, whereas in other species they occur on the subsidiary cells.

A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Isolated Guard Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 454-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dayanandan ◽  
P. B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Psilotum Nudum ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Welwitschia Mirabilis ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Scanning Electron

A three dimensional appreciation of the guard cell morphology coupled with ultrastjuctural studies should lead to a better understanding of their still obscure dynamics of movement. We have found the SEM of great value not only in studies of the surface details of stomata but also in resolving the structures and relationships that exist between the guard and subsidiary cells. We now report the isolation and SEM studies of guard cells from nine genera of plants.Guard cells were isolated from the following plants: Psilotum nudum, four species of Equisetum, Cycas revoluta, Ceratozamia sp., Pinus sylvestris, Ephedra cochuma, Welwitschia mirabilis, Euphorbia tirucalli and Allium cepa.

ONTOGENY OF STOMATA IN SOME CRUCIFERAE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The ontogeny of stomata was investigated in 12 species of Cruciferae. The three subsidiary cells as well as the guard cells originate from the same protodermal cell and thus the ontogeny conforms to the syndetocheilic type. The mature stomata are anisocytic. Sometimes, the subsidiary cells undergo a transverse and (or) vertical division and the mature stoma shows four to five subsidiary cells.

Fossil flowers and leaves of the Ebenaceae from the Eocene of southern Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1825-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Basinger ◽  
David C. Christophel
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fossil Leaves ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Flowers ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Clay Lenses ◽  
Coal Measures

Numerous flowers and a diverse assemblage of leaves are mummified in clay lenses in the base of the Demons Bluff Formation overlying the Eastern View Coal Measures. Fossil localities occur in the Alcoa of Australia open cut near Anglesea, Victoria, Australia. Flowers are tubular, less than 10 mm long, and about 5 mm wide. Four sepals are connate forming a cup-shaped calyx. Four petals are fused in their basal third and alternate with sepals. Flowers are all unisexual and staminate. Stamens are epipetalous and consistently 16 in number, arranged in 8 radial pairs. Pollen is subprolate, tricolporate, and about 32 μm in diameter. The exine is smooth to slightly scabrate. A rudimentary ovary occurs in some flowers. Sepals usually have a somewhat textureless abaxial cuticle with actinocytic stomata. Some sepals, however, have frill-like cuticular thickenings over some abaxial epidermal cells and some subsidiary cells with pronounced papillae overarching guard cells. One of the more common leaf types found associated with the flowers is characterized by the same peculiar cuticular thickenings and overarching papillae on subsidiary cells that occur on sepals. This cuticular similarity indicates that flowers and leaves represent a single taxon. Leaves are highly variable in size and shape but are consistently entire margined, with pinnate, brochidodromous venation. The suite of features characterizing the flowers is unique to the Ebenaceae. Flowers of many extant species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) closely resemble the fossil flowers. Fossil leaves, too, are typical of leaves of extant Diospyros. Both flowers and leaves are considered conspecific and have been assigned the name Austrodiospyros cryptostoma gen. et sp. nov. The Anglesea fossils represent one of the earliest well-documented occurrences of the Ebenaceae and are the earliest known remains of Ebenaceae from Australia. They support the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin for the family with late Tertiary diversification in the Malesian region.

scholarly journals Influence of stomatal characteristics on yield and yield attributes of rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Golam Sarwar ◽  
M Abdul Karim ◽  
SMA Masud Rana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Important Trait

Stomatal distribution is found to be an important trait of rice cultivars for increasing yield. A total of six rice cultivars, three from each of inbred and hybrid cultivars, were used to study stomatal distribution on the leaf epidermis and its influence on yield and yield attributing characters of rice during the Boro season. The hybrid cultivars exhibited superiority in respect of number of stomata, length and breadth of stomatal apparatus. They also produced longer panicle, higher number of filled grains panicle–1, heavier grains and finally, higher grain yield ha–1 than inbreds. The higher grain yield of the hybrid cultivars might be due to higher number of large sized stomata causing higher photosynthetic efficacy, although, they produced relatively lower number of effective tillers hill–1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18207 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 47-52, 2013

Comparative morphology of leaf epidermis in 34 species of Maianthemum (Asparagaceae, Polygonateae) and their systematic significance

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 275 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
YING MENG ◽  
JIA-JIAN WANG ◽  
ZE-LONG NIE
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Epidermal Features ◽  
Scanning Electron

To investigate the possibility of using leaf epidermal characters for species identification in developing a classification for Maianthemum, we examined leaf epidermal features from across the geographic distribution of the genus, including sampling of 34 species, one subspecies and one variety, and used light and scanning electron microscopy to make observations of these features. Our results suggest that the shape of epidermal cells, and anticlinal walls on both the abaxial and adaxial leaf surface have systematic significance for defining Maianthemum taxa and are congruent with clades inferred using molecular phylogenetics. The pattern of anticlinal walls in the genus seems to be related to the geographic distribution and environmental conditions. Other characters yielded in this study including anomocytic stomata, elliptic to narrow elliptic guard cells, wrinkled, striate or nearly smooth cuticle, smooth or sinuolate to erose inner margin of the outer stomatal rim, are not useful for taxon circumscription in the genus.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of endemic Centaurea glaberrima subsp. divergens (Asteraceae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Gavrilović ◽  
Pedja Janaćković
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Involucral Bract ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
First Time

In this study, the micromorphology of the vegetative and reproductive structures of the endemic Centaurea glaberrima Tausch subsp. divergens (Vis.) Hayek (Asteraceae), using scanning electron microscope (SEM), is presented for the first time. Uniseriate whip-like non-glandular and biseriate glandular trichomes are found on the surface of all aboveground parts (stem, leaves, peduncles, involucral bract). On the adaxial leaf epidermis ribbed thickenings (striation pattern) of outer periclinal cell walls, slightly curved anticlinal cell walls and anomocytic stomata are noticed. Rugose abaxial surface with thorny protuberances of the involucral bract is documented. Corolla is glabrous with longitudinally parallel epidermal cells with distinct straight outline. Isopolar, radially symmetric and tricolporate microechinate pollen grains are seen. Short stylar hairs, without cuticular striations, are present along the outer sides of the style, while the inner sides (abaxial surface) constitute the papillate stigmatic surface. Microcharacters found in cypsela are as follows: slightly ribbed body; rotund base; lateral and concave insertion; short, unicellular curly acute trichomes; smooth epidermis; fine-sulcate ornamentation; rod shaped epidermal cells with short, obtuse end walls and straight anticlinal walls; poorly developed minutely dentate pericarp rim; and dimorphic pappus with bristles of different length and morphology, with pinnules restricted to the margins of the bristles. The results obtained contribute to knowledge about the micromorphology of the studied endemic species and provide features for its better identification. The taxonomic significance of the analyzed characters is discussed. Some well defined microcharacters of the studied species might have taxonomic value

scholarly journals Development of stomata in Hordeum vulgare L. under the influence of oleander glycosides and colchicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Tarkowska ◽  
M. Wierzbicka ◽  
M. Grzegrzółka
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The effect of aqueous solutions of a 0.1 per cent mixture of oleander glycosides and of 0.1 and 0.5 per cent colchicine on the growth of seedlings, and particularly on the development of stomata was investigated in <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. The compounds were found not to penetrate with the same readiness through the coleoptile: glycosides passed very slowly, while colchicine rapidly. Growth inhibition of seedlings increased with the concentrations of the solutions applied, the time of incubation and the degree of damage to the coleoptile. Colchicine and glycosides cause a similar type of disturbances in all cell divisions leading to the formation of stomata. Most numerous disturbances were noted in phase II. The cause of these disorders lies in damage to the karyokinetic sipindle and abnormal cytokinesis. As a result are formed the stomata with a changed number of guard cells or subsidiary cells, their shape is changed and sometimes also their orientation and the dimensions are reduced.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Small Column ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Glandular Structures

The micromorphology of selected elements of <i>Echium vulgare</i> L. flowers was investigated, with special attention to the structure of the nectaries and the stigma of the pistil as well as types of trichomes occurring on the surface of the calyx. The nectary had the shape of an uneven disc located around the lower region of the four-parted ovary of the pistil. The glandular cells formed a tier with a height of 330 μm and a radial width of 144 μm. Nectar was secreted onto the nectary surface through anomocytic stomata located at the level of other epidermal cells. Most of the stomata were open, with a different dimension of the pore. Their largest number was observed at the base of the nectary, and 462 stomata were noted on the whole surface of the nectary. The cuticle on the surface of the guard cells formed fine, circular striae. The subsidiary cells formed striated cuticular ornamentation, with the striae arranged radially in the direction of the stoma, whereas on the surface of other epidermal cells the striae formed an arrangement with different directions. The epidermis on the surface of the stigma formed regularly arranged papillae with a fan-shaped, expanded upper part which had corrugated outer walls, whereas the base of the cell formed a widened small column. The epidermis of the abaxial part of the calyx was covered by numerous non-glandular trichomes of different length which were made up of one or several cells. The glandular trichomes in the epidermis of the calyx grew with smaller density compared to the protective trichomes, and they were composed of a 1-2-celled stalk and a glandular head.

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