Histological studies on embryos produced from cell cultures of Bromus inermis

A histological study has been made of the embryos produced in a brome cell suspension culture. In 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-free defined medium, several types of cell aggregates were produced. Some of the aggregates were proembryo-like structures. A frequent intermediate in embryogenesis was a "tadpole"-like structure. Shoot and root primordia were produced within the proembryonic structures. Plant development proceeded by the formation of a shoot–root axis, then roots developed and later the coleoptile and leaves were produced.

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Evidence for an action of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the vacuolar pH of Acer pseudoplatanus cells in suspension culture

Plant Science Letters ◽

10.1016/0304-4211(82)90074-8 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 77-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Armen Kurkdjian ◽

Yves Mathieu ◽

J. Guern

Keyword(s):

Suspension Culture ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Vacuolar Ph

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Smooth Bromegrass Response to Herbicides as Affected by Time of Application in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilization

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450004769x ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 443-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. K. McCarty ◽

C. J. Scifres

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Primary Site ◽

Bromus Inermis ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Severe Damage ◽

Smooth Bromegrass ◽

Time Of Application ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Made In

Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) treated in the fall tended to be more damaged than that treated in the spring, regardless of herbicide. Nitrogen fertilizer reduced the loss in yield resulting from herbicides but was least effective with 1 lb/A of 4-amino-3,4,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). Laboratory studies showed that roots of smooth bromegrass were the primary site of picloram uptake. Root uptake explained the severe damage in curred from applications of picloram made in the fall. The order of increasing phytotoxicity of herbicides to smooth bromegrass studied in these experiments was 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)<2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) < picloram.

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An investigation of the growth characteristics of oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis) suspension cultures using 31P NMR

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1007/bf01120207 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

pp. 1141-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

W. A. Hughes ◽

S. M. Bociek ◽

J. N. Barrett ◽

R. G. Ratcliffe

Keyword(s):

Suspension Culture ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Nmr Spectra ◽

31P Nmr ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Meristematic Tissue ◽

Seedling Roots ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

High-resolution 31P nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) spectra are reported for oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis) cells in suspension culture. The spectra are a signicant improvement on the results that have appeared for other cultures and they are comparable with the spectra of the meristematic tissue in seedling roots. The NMR technique was used in parallel with other analytical methods to investigate the growth characteristics of the suspension culture, indluding the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

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Growth substance requirements and major lipid constituents of tissue cultures of Euphorbia esula and E. cyparissias

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b72-090 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 723-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T. T. Lee ◽

A. N. Starratt

Keyword(s):

Callus Tissue ◽

Defined Medium ◽

Growth Substance ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Euphorbia Esula ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Callus Tissues ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Root Tissues

The root tissues of Euphorbia esula and E. cyparissias form callus on chemically defined medium. Both species require an exogenous supply of auxin for growth, but the appearance and color of the tissue and their responses to kinetin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) are different. The tissue growth is more satisfactory with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) than with 2,4-D, IAA, or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). Gibberellic acid has no effect. The callus tissues of E. esula become intensely green under light but are not autotrophic.Triglycerides, palmitic acid, and β-sitosterol are the major lipid constituents of the callus tissue of E. esula. Chromatographic analysis reveals no significant differences in the composition of extracts from the non-green and green tissues. Long-chain aldehydes, alcohols, and triterpenes found in the plant are not detected in the cultures.

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In vitro regeneration of groundnut: Changes in antioxidative enzymes and histological studies

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1401063t ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 63-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rohini Trivedi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidative Enzymes ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Shoot Organogenesis ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽

Histological Studies ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during stress responses are implicated in a number of cellular responses including morphogenesis. The present study was undertaken to study the changes in antioxidative enzymes during in vitro morphogenesis of groundnut from de-embryonated cotyledon explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog?s medium supplemented with 5.0 mg l-1 benzyl-adenine and 2.0 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. During the early in vitro ontogenic stages of groundnut, the activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased from stage 0 (0 day) to stage II (14 days) and decreased during stage III (25 days) and stage IV (45 days). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed an inverse trend. The results could be correlated with the acquisition of competence, de-differentiation, division and induction which occurred during shoot organogenesis. Histological studies also showed that the mode of in vitro morphogenesis from the groundnut explants was via shoot organogenesis. In light of the above study, it could be concluded that the change in activity of the antioxidative enzymes studied could be used as a marker to characterize the mode of plant regeneration.

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Reduction of fertile regenerants from protoplasts of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal.

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt99014 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 501

Author(s):

Shoukat Afshar-Sterle ◽

James F. Kollmorgen ◽

Geoffrey B. Fincher

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Cell Aggregates ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Triticum Tauschii ◽

Cell Divisions ◽

Aegilops Squarrosa ◽

Half Strength ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Four suspension cell lines generated from two accessions of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (Aegilops squarrosa, 2n = 2x = 14, DD genome) were used to develop an efficient protocol for producing fertile regenerants from protoplasts. Protoplasts were isolated from each cell line by incubating fine cell aggregates (<500 µm in diameter) in a solution containing 3% Cellulase ‘Onozuka’ RS, 0.5% Macerozyme R10 and 0.2% Pectolyase Y23. Cell division occurred when the protoplasts were cultured at a density of 1.0–1.5 x 106 protoplasts mL–1 in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.1 mg L–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.6 M glucose and 1.2% agarose. The first cell divisions were observed after 5–7 days. Cell colonies were observed after 14 days and these grew quickly into large clumps when transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.2 mg L-1 2,4-D, 30 g L–1 sucrose and solidified with 0.25% Phytagel. The colonies produced somatic embryos within 21–28 days of transfer to this medium. Somatic embryos were transferred to hormone-free MS medium for regeneration into plantlets. Although many regenerants produced shrivelled seeds, 9 of 16 were fertile and produced normal seeds.

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AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AGAINST 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID TOXICITY IN KIDNEY OF MICE – A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.21829 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashlesh M Upadhyaya ◽

Mandava V Rao ◽

Devendrasinh D Jhala

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Histological Study ◽

Group Iv ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Acid Toxicity

Objective: The compound, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), is a systemic phenoxy herbicide and a plant growth regulator. Histopathological effects of 2,4-D alone and in combination with melatonin on the kidney in adult albino male mice of the Swiss strain were evaluated in the present study.Methods: Twenty adult male albino mice weighing between 30 and 40 g were assigned into four groups with five mice in each group. Group I served as control; Group II - melatonin alone (10 mg/kg body weight); Group III - 2,4-D alone (50 mg/kg body weight); and Group IV - 2,4-D + melatonin was given orally for 45 days.Results: It revealed a significant reduction in the body and kidney weights (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively) of mice treated with 2,4-D, while the body and kidney weights after treatment of melatonin and 2,4-D + melatonin were comparable to control. Histological study revealed that 2,4-D induced nephrotoxicity evidenced by various histological changes including shrinkage of the glomerulus, tubular dilation, hypertrophy of tubular epithelium, and degeneration of renal tubules.Conclusion: Treating animals with the melatonin along with 2,4-D showed mitigative effects of melatonin and minimized the structural alteration in the kidney of mice appeared due to 2,4-D toxicity.

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The growth of sugarcane downy mildew fungus in tissue culture

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b79-068 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 528-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wen-Huei Chen ◽

Ming-Chin Liu ◽

Chia-Yu Chao

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Histological Studies ◽

Resistant Genes ◽

Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Dual culture of sugarcane downy mildew fungus (Sclerospora sacchari Miyake) was established by placing a diseased sugarcane explant (shoot apex or spindle leaf) on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After 3 weeks incubation, dense mycelia grew both on and in the callus which had developed. The use of different varieties or illumination periods did not affect the growth of the fungus. The hyphae ceased to grow when the infected callus was subcultured. A workable procedure was devised which enabled the hyphae to proliferate on a healthy tissue when diseased tissue was placed near it. Explants excised from either resistant or susceptible varieties could nurse the growth of the fungus, indicating that resistant genes may not be expressed in tissue culture. Histological studies revealed that the callus originated from mesophyll cells in leaf and parenchymatous cells of shoot apical tissue. Intercellular and intracellular hyphae were more concentrated in the peripheral layer of parenchymatous cells than in the meristemoid region. Carbohydrate callose accumulated on the hyphal walls and cell walls of the callus wherever hyphae were growing.

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Structure et ontogenèse des néoformations observées in vitro sur le pétale de Begonia × elatior

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b84-373 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (12) ◽

pp. 2798-2803 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jacques Margara ◽

Renée Phelouzat

Keyword(s):

Histological Study ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Floral Meristems

On media containing a cytokinin and an auxin, petal explants of Begonia × elatior roots, produce in vitro leaves, and petaloid structures. When the auxin is 10−5 M, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, the organogenesis is temporarily inhibited. After subculture on a medium without auxin, neoformation of abnormal or atypical structures in then observed. All the structures originate from epidermal cells except the roots which arise from deeper parenchymatous cells. Numerous embryoids are observed. They can be normal or atypical. The acceleration of development of floral structures (progenesis) is illustrated by the formation of petaloid structures which can arise from floral meristems. Bipolar embryoids can have a root pole and a floral pole. Besides neoformation of normal bud meristems. the production of isolated leaves or petals is frequently observed. Generally, the external cells of neoformations accumulate anthocyan pigments or tannins in their vacuoles, making the histological study difficult.

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