Foliicolous bryophytes and lichens of Thuja plicata in western British Columbia

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale H. Vitt ◽  
Michael Ostafichuk ◽  
Irwin M. Brodo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
First Report ◽  
Northwestern North America ◽  
North America North ◽  
Lichen Flora

Four species of mosses, all in the genus Orthotrichum; 1 species of hepatics; and 16 species of lichens compose the foliicolous bryophyte and lichen flora of Thuja plicata L. leaves in certain areas of western British Columbia. This is the first report of foliicolous mosses and hepatics for North America, north of the tropical and subtropical regions of the southeastern United States. The taxonomy of the four species of Orthotrichum is discussed and a key given differentiating the species.All of the species that have been found on Thuja leaves except perhaps Catillaria bouteillei are facultative foliicolous species and occur on leaves, only in scattered areas of northwestern North America. Two taxa of lichens, Catillaria bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr. and Cetrelia cetrarioides (Del. ex Duby) W. Culb. & C. Culb. (perlatolic acid strain) are reported as new to Canada.

Some rusts of Scirpus and allied genera

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2579-2596 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. O. Savile
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Scirpus Americanus

Amended descriptions, emphasizing widely neglected aeciospore characters, are given for Puccinia dulichii, P. angustata, P. eriophori var. eriophori and var. apargidii var. nov. (Queen Charlotte Is., British Columbia, on Eriophorum and Apargidium), P. eriophori-alpini,P. congdonii sp. nov. (California, on Scirpus congdonii), P. obtecta,P. osoyoosensis sp. nov. (on Scirpus americanus and S. olneyi), P. liberta, P. fimbristylidis, Uromyces eleocharidis, P. mcclatchieana, U. americanus var. americanus and var. californicus var. nov. (California, on S. californiens), U. lineolatus ssp. lineolatus and ssp. nearcticus ssp. nov. Puccinia angustatoides on Rhynchospora is also discussed because it has been erroneously included in P. angustata.Aecidium ageratinae sp. nov. (on Ageratina spp. = Eupatorium sect. Eximbricata, in eastern North America), and Aecidium eupatorii-rotundifolii sp. nov. (on Eupatorium rotundifolium in southeastern United States) are distinguished from the aecial state of P. eleocharidis. Some aspects of the classification of Scirpus and its allies are briefly discussed in relation to their rusts.

scholarly journals First Report of Ustilago cynodontis Causing Smut of Cynodon dactylon in Washington State, United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. S. Dung ◽  
L. M. Carris ◽  
P. B. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
Benton County ◽  
Northwestern North America

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is an important warm-season perennial turf and forage grass that is typically grown in warm, tropical and subtropical climates. Smutted inflorescences of bermudagrass were observed and collected in Benton County, Washington, United States, in October of 2012 in an unmanaged, naturalized area located near the banks of the Columbia River and adjacent to large expanses of managed turf containing bermudagrass. The climate in this area is favorable to bermudagrass due to the relatively mild winters and hot, dry summers that usually occur in this region. The infected plants occurred in patches alongside healthy plants and several disease foci were observed along a 100-m transect of non-contiguous bermudagrass. The disease was severe wherever it occurred. Diseased inflorescences were covered with black-brown teliospores, distorted, and frequently failed to fully emerge and develop. Teliospores (n = 80) were irregularly globose to subglobose, 5.3 to 7.0 × 4.5 to 6.2 μm (mean 6.4 × 5.9 μm) and 6.2 to 8.8 × 5.3 to 7.0 μm (mean 7.0 × 6.5 μm), with a smooth wall approximately 1 μm thick, and were consistent with previous descriptions of Ustilago cynodontis teliospores (1,3). Teliospores germinated within 24 h when plated on 0.2% malt agar at 16°C and produced 4-celled basidia in a 3+1 arrangement, also consistent with U. cynodontis (3). Basidia gave rise to lateral and terminal, ovoid to long ellipsoidal basidiospores. Basidiospores budded or germinated by hyphae from which lateral or terminal aerial sporidia developed as previously described (3,4). DNA was extracted from sporidia of three single-spored isolates grown in malt extract broth. Complete nucleotide sequences of the 5.8S ribosomal RNA coding region and partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2 were obtained from the three isolates using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The corresponding regions of the three aligned sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. KC920742 to KC920744) were identical and exhibited 99 to 100% identity with U. cynodontis strains previously deposited in GenBank (HM143013, AY740168, AF038825, and AY345000). Representative specimens were deposited in the WSU Mycological Herbarium as WSP 72345 to WSP 72348. This is the first report of U. cynodontis causing smut on bermudagrass in Washington State and represents the northernmost record of this fungus in North America (2). The occurrence of U. cynodontis in Washington State suggests that the pathogen may exist in other hot and dry areas of northwestern North America where bermudagrass is found associated with turf in recreational, landscape, or natural settings. References: (1) S. D. Brook. Trans. R. Soc. N. Z. 84:643, 1957. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Online. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases , April 18, 2013. (3) C. T. Ingold. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 83:251, 1984. (4) C. T. Ingold. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 89:471, 1987.

scholarly journals First Report of Infection of Bermudagrass by Bipolaris sorokiniana in the Southeastern United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
First Report

Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker is a major foliar and root-infecting pathogen of cool-season forage and turf grasses and small grains in the southeastern United States (2). In North America, B. sorokiniana has been reported from bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) once in California in 1961 (1), and rarely from other warm-season grasses in the southeastern United States. In May, July, September, and October 2002, B. sorokiniana sporulation was observed on leaves of common bermudagrass exhibiting necrotic lesions and dieback in waste application fields on three commercial swine farms in Chickasaw, Lowndes, and Webster counties, MS. Leaves were collected (50 per farm per month), surface-disinfested, plated on water agar, and observed for fungal sporulation on leaf surfaces after 7 to 10 days (3,4). The pathogen was detected on 1 to 3 farms each month in leaves that were infected with numerous other dematiaceous hyphomycetes (3,4). Three randomly selected single-spore isolates of B. sorokiniana from each of bermudagrass and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), collected at the Webster County farm, were compared for select features of morphology and pathogenicity on bermudagrass. Isolates differed significantly in growth rates, amount of sporulation, and spore sizes on cornmeal agar, but differences were not consistently related to hosts of origin. In plants inoculated by atomizing equal quantities of spores (2.8 × 104/ml) onto foliage, isolates of B. sorokiniana from bermudagrass and ryegrass both caused significantly (P = 0.05) more severe foliar necrosis after 10 days than B. cynodontis (5 pots of seeded plants per treatment in each of two experiments). B. sorokiniana was reisolated from disinfested, symptomatic bermudagrass leaf tissue following inoculations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. sorokiniana on bermudagrass in North America outside of California (1) and indicates that this pathogen is highly virulent on bermudagrass in the southeastern United States (3,4). Of potentially greater importance is the fact that one of the most common and widespread forage and turf grass species in the southeastern United States can serve as an alternate host for maintenance and increase of inoculum of B. sorokiniana during summer months. References: (1) R. M. Endo. Plant Dis. Rep. 45:869, 1961. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, On-line publication. ARS, USDA, 2003. (3) R. G. Pratt. Agron. J. 92:512, 2000. (4) R. G. Pratt. Plant Dis. 85:1206, 2001.

scholarly journals Progression of Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) Dieback and Mortality in the Southeastern United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilee M Poole ◽  
Michael D Ulyshen ◽  
Scott Horn ◽  
Patrick Anderson ◽  
Chip Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Celtis Laevigata ◽  
Branch Dieback

Abstract The southeastern United States has been experiencing unexplained sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) mortality for over a decade, representing one of the most severe and widespread Celtis mortality episodes ever reported from North America. Here we describe external symptoms, progression of mortality, and the known geographic extent of the problem. More than half of all trees monitored at one site within the affected area died over five years of observation. Although many trees died within a year of first exhibiting symptoms (e.g., small yellow leaves, branch dieback, premature leaf fall), many others continued living for years after becoming symptomatic. A preliminary insecticide trial found no improvements in survivorship among trees treated with insecticides, emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid, relative to control trees. Our findings suggest the problem will likely continue and become more widespread in the coming years. Study Implications Sugarberry mortality in urban and forested environments is an ongoing problem that has the potential to spread throughout the southeastern United States and perhaps more widely, depending on the susceptibility of other native Celtis species. Many trees die within a year of first showing external symptoms, whereas others can live for many years after appearing symptomatic. Declining trees in rights-of-way and public spaces are presenting costly hazards to cities, and canopy gaps in natural areas are likely to facilitate the establishment and spread of invasive plants. Studies aimed at determining the cause of this problem are urgently needed.

Do centers of origin have a center?

Paleobiology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Centers Of Origin ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
A Current ◽  
Considerable Intensity

A current question being debated with considerable intensity is whether or not certain geographic areas act as centers of evolutionary radiation and supply species to other areas that are less active or less effective in an evolutionary sense. Darwin (1859) was the first to write about centers of origin which he called “single centers of creation.” He argued that each species was first produced within a single region and that it subsequently migrated from that area as far as its powers of migration and subsistence under past and present conditions permitted. Adams (1902), in discussing the influence of the southeastern United States as a center of distribution for the flora and fauna of North America, provided a series of criteria for the determination of “centers of dispersal.” His first, and evidently most important criterion was the location of “the greatest differentiation of a type.”

scholarly journals The Interannual Variability of the Haines Index over North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2396-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejiang Yu ◽  
Shiyuan Zhong ◽  
Xindi Bian ◽  
Warren E. Heilman ◽  
Joseph J. Charney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North America ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fire Weather Index

AbstractThe Haines index (HI) is a fire-weather index that is widely used as an indicator of the potential for dry, low-static-stability air in the lower atmosphere to contribute to erratic fire behavior or large fire growth. This study examines the interannual variability of HI over North America and its relationship to indicators of large-scale circulation anomalies. The results show that the first three HI empirical orthogonal function modes are related respectively to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), and the interdecadal sea surface temperature variation over the tropical Pacific Ocean. During the negative ENSO phase, an anomalous ridge (trough) is evident over the western (eastern) United States, with warm/dry weather and more days with high HI values in the western and southeastern United States. During the negative phase of the AO, an anomalous trough is found over the western United States, with wet/cool weather and fewer days with high HI, while an anomalous ridge occurs over the southern United States–northern Mexico, with an increase in the number of days with high HI. After the early 1990s, the subtropical high over the eastern Pacific Ocean and the Bermuda high were strengthened by a wave train that was excited over the tropical western Pacific Ocean and resulted in warm/dry conditions over the southwestern United States and western Mexico and wet weather in the southeastern United States. The above conditions are reversed during the positive phase of ENSO and AO and before the early 1990s.

scholarly journals The Sarracenia Pitcher Plants and Bog Gardening

2008 ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
T Lawrence Mellichamp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World

The Sarracenia pitcher plants are among the world’s most beautiful and intriguing plants, and being carnivorous adds an extra dimension of fascination. They are endemic to North America – 10 species are found only in the southeastern United States and one species is widely distributed, from the northeastern US and across Canada. They are easy to cultivate if you understand their basic needs and are grown the world over. Every botanical garden should have them because they are so popular with the public. They go hand-in-hand with other unusual carnivorous plants to make a display that is captivating (puns intended!) to both children and adults. This paper covers types of pitcher plants, their habitats, brief descriptions of the species, a key to identification, cultivation and a short note on conservation.

Wilsoniana occidentalis. [Distribution map].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Wilsoniana occidentalis (Wilson) Abdul Haq & Shahzads. Oomycota: Albuginales: Albuginaceae. Host: spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, India, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey), Europe (Greece, Crete), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, Mexico, United States, Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Montana, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming).

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