Ethylene and carbohydrate requirements for apogamous bud induction in Pteridium gametophytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2089-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Elmore ◽  
D. P. Whittier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Bud Induction ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Periodic evacuations of culture vessels containing Pteridium gametophytes to reduce the concentration of endogenous ethylene within the tissue, followed by reinfiltration with air, yielded a 99% reduction in apogamous budding as compared to the ethylene-reinfiltrated control. Growing gametophytes in increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide, a competitive inhibitor of ethylene, caused decreases in the apogamous response. Apogamy was completely eliminated by 7% carbon dioxide, without inhibiting gametophytic growth. Adding 1 μl/liter ethylene to each concentration of carbon dioxide reversed the inhibition and some apogamy did occur in gametophytes grown in 7% carbon dioxide supplied concomitantly with the exogenous ethylene. A carbohydrate is required for ethylene-induced apogamous bud induction. Growth of gametophytes in the presence of ethylene on medium lacking sucrose for extended experimental periods was not sufficient to cause induction. Total gametophytic growth on media containing various concentrations of sucrose was not affected by the presence or absence of ethylene in the atmosphere surrounding colonies. These results demonstrate that both ethylene and a utilizable carbohydrate are required for apogamy.

scholarly journals Stablization of ACOs by NatB mediated N-terminal acetylation is required for ethylene homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-qing Liu ◽  
Ya-jie Zou ◽  
Xiao-feng Li ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Guang-qin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Protein Modification ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Auxiliary Subunit ◽  
Ethylene Content ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

AbstractN-terminal acetylation (NTA) is a highly abundant protein modification catalyzed by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) in eukaryotes. However, the plant NATs and their biological functions have been poorly explored. Here we reveal that loss of function of CKRC3 and NBC-1, the auxiliary subunit (Naa25) and catalytic subunit (Naa20) of Arabidopsis NatB, respectively, led to defects in skotomorphogenesis and triple responses of ethylene. Proteome profiling and WB test revealed that the 1-amincyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO, catalyzing the last step of ethylene biosynthesis pathway) activity was significantly down-regulated in natb mutants, leading to reduced endogenous ethylene content. The defective phenotypes could be fully rescued by application of exogenous ethylene, but less by its precursor ACC. The present results reveal a previously unknown regulation mechanism at the co-translational protein level for ethylene homeostasis, in which the NatB-mediated NTA of ACOs render them an intracellular stability to maintain ethylene homeostasis for normal growth and responses.

Herbicide-Induced Ethylene Production: Role of the Gas in Sublethal Doses of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Abeles
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Ethylene production was stimulated by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from light-grown corn (Zea mays L., var. XL-15) and soybeans (Glycine max Merr., var. Hawkeye). Ethylene had an inhibitory effect on the growth of corn and soybeans, but a reversal of the ethylene effect could not be clearly demonstrated using the competitive inhibitor, carbon dioxide. Ethylene did not mimic the ability of 2,4-D to cause growth curvatures. It was concluded that ethylene played a role in the activity of sublethal amounts of 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Ethylene Production in Banana Fruit Tissue by Ethylene Treatment

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vendrell ◽  
WB Mcglasson
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Fruit Tissue ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

A temporary ethylene treatment, sufficient to stimulate ripening in banana fruit tissue, partly suppresses endogenous ethylene production and the evolution of ethylene from methionine. The production of endogenous ethylene does not return to rates normal for naturally ripening fruit after the exogenous ethylene is removed. The extent of inhibition is related to the concentration of applied ethylene up to 5-10 p.p.m., and to the duration of treatment within the period 12 hI' to 3 days. Other characteristics of ripening appear to develop normally, except in the shorter treatments, where respiration shows a lower climacteric peak and chlorophyll breakdown is delayed.

scholarly journals Supraoptimal ethylene acts antagonistically with exogenous gibberellins during Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae) hypocotyl growth.

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mignolli ◽  
Graciela Beatriz Rojas ◽  
María Laura Vidoz
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Constitutive Activation ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

In many plant species, ethylene and gibberellins interact to regulate plant growth and development. In some cases, these hormones can act in a synergistic way whereas in others they can be antagonistic. To date, the control of hypocotyl elongation by ethylene and gibberellins has been poorly explored in tomato. In this paper, we report that, application of exogenous ethylene to tomato seedlings or high endogenous ethylene production, as in the epinastic mutant, strongly prevent the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) application. Moreover, constitutive activation of gibberellin signal in a DELLA deficient mutant is not able to counteract the inhibitory effect of ethylene on hypocotyl elongation, suggesting that ethylene acts independently from DELLA-mediated gibberellin response. Interestingly, when ethylene perception is blocked, the GA3 promotive effect on hypocotyl length is less effective, indicating that the presence of a basal level of ethylene could synergistically enhance hypocotyl growth. Taken together, these observations may suggest that, in tomato, supraoptimal concentrations of ethylene are able to antagonize gibberellin effect but normal levels seem to promote gibberellin-induced hypocotyl elongation.

scholarly journals Postharvest properties of ultra-late maturing peach cultivars and their attributions to Melting Flesh (M) locus: Re-evaluation of M locus in association with flesh texture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Nakano ◽  
Takashi Kawai ◽  
Yosuke Fukamatsu ◽  
Kagari Akita ◽  
Sakine Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

AbstractThe postharvest properties of two ultra-late maturing peach cultivars, ‘Tobihaku’ (TH) and ‘Daijumitsuto’ (DJ), were investigated. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and held at 25°C. TH exhibited the characteristics of normal melting flesh (MF) peach, including rapid fruit softening associated with an increase in endogenous ethylene production In contrast, DJ did not soften at all during three-week experimental period even though substantial ethylene production was observed. Fruit of TH and DJ were treated with 5000 ppm of propylene, an ethylene analog, continuously for seven days. TH softened rapidly whereas DJ maintained high flesh firmness in spite of an increase in endogenous ethylene production, suggesting that DJ but not TH lacked the ability to be softened in response to endogenous and exogenous ethylene/propylene. DNA-seq analysis showed that tandem endo-polygalacturonase (endoPG) genes located at melting flesh (M) locus, Pp-endoPGM (PGM) and Pp-endoPGF (PGF), were deleted in DJ. The endoPG genes at M locus are known to control flesh texture of peach fruit, and it was suggested that the non-softening property of DJ is due to the lack of endoPG genes. On the other hand, TH possessed an unidentified M haplotype that is involved in determination of MF phenotype. Structural identification of the unknown M haplotype, designated as M0, through comparison with previously reported M haplotypes revealed distinct differences between PGM on M0 haplotype (PGM-M0) and PGM on other haplotypes (PGM-M1). Peach M haplotypes were classified into four main haplotypes: M0 with PGM-M0; M1 with both PGM-M1 and PGF; M2 with PGM-M1; and M3 lacking both PGM and PGF. Re-evaluation of M locus in association with MF/non-melting flesh (NMF) phenotypes in more than 400 accessions by using whole genome shotgun sequencing data on database and/or by PCR genotyping demonstrated that M0 haplotype was the common haplotype in MF accessions, and M0 and M1 haplotypes were dominant over M2 and M3 haplotypes and co-dominantly determined the MF trait. It was also assumed on the basis of structural comparison of M haplotypes among Prunus species that the ancestral haplotype of M0 diverged from those of the other haplotypes before the speciation of Prunus persica.

scholarly journals Re-evaluation of ethylene role in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress and rewatering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimon Meir ◽  
Sonia Philosoph-Hadas ◽  
Shoshana Salim ◽  
Adi Segev ◽  
Joseph Riov
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutants ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Established Role

ABSTRACTPatharkar and Walker (2016) reported that cauline leaf abscission in Arabidopsis is induced by a cycle of water stress and rewatering, which is regulated by the complex of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), HAESA (HAE), and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) kinases. However, they stated without presenting experimental results that ethylene is not involved in this process. Since this statement contradicts the well-established role of ethylene in organ abscission induced by a cycle of water stress and rewatering, our present study was aimed to re-evaluate the possible involvement of ethylene in this process. For this purpose, we examined the endogenous ethylene production during water stress and following rewatering, as well as the effects of exogenous ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), on cauline leaf abscission of Arabidopsis wild type. Additionally, we examined whether this stress induces cauline leaf abscission in ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants. The results of the present study demonstrated that ethylene production rates increased significantly in cauline leaves at 4 h after rewatering of stressed plants, and remained high for at least 24 h in plants water-stressed to 40 and 30% of system weight. Ethylene treatment applied to well-watered plants induced cauline leaf abscission, which was inhibited by 1-MCP. Cauline leaf abscission was also inhibited by 1-MCP applied during a cycle of water stress and rewatering. Finally, no abscission occurred in two ethylene-insensitive mutants, ein2-1 and ein2-5, following a cycle of water stress and rewatering. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that ethylene is involved in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress.One sentence summaryUnlike Patharker and Walker (2016), our results show that ethylene is involved in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress and rewatering, similar to leaf abscission in other plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Ethylene on Cell Wall and Lipid Metabolism during Alleviation of Postharvest Chilling Injury in Peach

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchao Zhu ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Chunxia Wu ◽  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Xueren Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Peach is prone to postharvest chilling injury (CI). Here it was found that exogenous ethylene alleviated CI, accompanied by an increased endogenous ethylene production. Ethylene treatment resulted in a moderately more rapid flesh softening as a result of stronger expression of genes encoding expansin and cell wall hydrolases, especially xylosidase and galactosidase. Ethylene treatment alleviated internal browning, accompanied by changes in expression of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and lipoxygenases. An enhanced content of phospholipids and glycerolipids and a reduced content of ceramide were observed in ethylene-treated fruit, and these were associated with up-regulation of lipid phosphate phosphatase, fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase, and golgi-localized nucleotide sugar transporter, as well as down-regulation of aminoalcohol phosphotransferases. Expression of two ethylene response factors (ERFs), ESE3 and ABR1, was highly correlated with that of genes involved in cell wall metabolism and lipid metabolism, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of these two ERFs was strongly regulated by ethylene treatment and the temperature changes during transfer of fruit into or out of cold storage. It is proposed that ERFs fulfill roles as crucial integrators between cell wall modifications and lipid metabolism involved in CI processes ameliorated by exogenous ethylene.

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